On this Day in History ... 23rd January
23 Jan is in January.
1002 Otto III King Italy and Germany and Holy Roman Emperor Died
1045 Marriage of Edward "The Confessor" and Edith of Wessex
1475 Welles' Rebellion and Battle of Losecoat Field aka Empingham
1516 Ferdinand II King Aragon Dies Joanna Queen Castile Succeeds
1570 James Stewart 1st Earl Moray Assassinated by Firearm
1661 Charles II Continues to Reward those who Supported His Restoration
1874 Wedding of Prince Alfred and Grand Duchess Maria of Russia
Events on the 23rd January
On 23 Jan 1002 Otto III King Italy III King Germany III Holy Roman Emperor (age 21) died.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 23 Jan 1045. In the same year also King Edward (age 42) took to wife Edgitha (age 19), the daughter of Earl Godwin (age 44), ten nights before Candlemas.
On 23 Jan 1045 King Edward "Confessor" of England (age 42) and Edith of Wessex Queen Consort England (age 19) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort England. The difference in their ages was 23 years. She the daughter of Godwin Godwinson 1st Earl Kent and Wessex (age 44) and Gytha Estrigen Countess Kent and Wessex. He the son of King Æthelred "Unready" II of England and Emma aka Ælfgyfu of Normandy Queen Consort England (age 60).
On 23 Jan 1302 Ferdinand IV King Castile IV King Leon (age 16) and Constance Burgundy Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon (age 12) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Castile, Queen Consort Leon. She the daughter of Denis I King Portugal (age 40) and Elisabeth Barcelona Queen Consort Portugal (age 31). He the son of Sancho IV King Castile IV King Leon and Maria Molina Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon. They were half first cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. 
On 23 Jan 1378 Louis Wittelsbach III Elector Palatine was born to Rupert King Germany (age 25).
Before 23 Jan 1475 Joan Welles 9th Baroness Willoughby Eresby died.
Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby (age 22) de jure 10th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. Margaret Jenney Baroness Willoughby Eresby (age 15) by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
King Edward IV of England (age 32) had father and son Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby 7th Baron Welles and Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby 8th Baron Welles posthumously attainted some five years after the Welles' Rebellion to ensure Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby (age 42) would continue to enjoy the benefit of the Welles' estates; he was given a life interest in the estates on 23 Jan 1475. Another example of King Edward IV of England (age 32) being somewhat disingenuous with the legal system to his own advantage. He, Edward (age 32) was, in effect, disinheriting Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby (age 22) who should have inherited Baron Willoughby de Eresby and John Welles 1st Viscount Welles (age 25) who should have inherited Baron Welles following Joan's death.
Calendars. Be it remembered that on Friday, 23 January in the first year of the reign of King Richard the third (age 31) since the conquest, that is, on the first day of parliament, with the lord king sitting on the royal throne in the Painted Chamber [Map] within his palace of Westminster, then being present many lords spiritual and temporal, and the commons of the realm of England, assembled at the aforesaid parliament at the king's command, the venerable father John, Bishop of Lincoln, chancellor of England memorably declared and announced the reasons for summoning the aforesaid parliament, taking as his theme: 'In the body there are many limbs, but not all have the same function'. In which words he gravely and very astutely explained the fealty which subjects of the king (age 31) and the functions individual members owe to the principal member, asserting that there are three kinds of body, namely the natural, the aggregate and the politic, and going on to suggest that one coin, the tenth, had been lost from the most precious fabric of the body politic of England and that to hunt for it and find it would require the king and all the lords spiritual and temporal to be very assiduous and diligent during this parliament; concluding that after the finding of the tenth coin, which signifies perfection, our body politic of England would endure gloriously and for a long time, healthy, safe and free from all damage or injury; the king (age 31), the great men of the realm and the commons eternally cherishing peace outward and inward and the author of that peace. At the end of which declaration and announcement, the aforesaid chancellor in the king's (age 31) name firmly ordered the commons to assemble on the following day in their common house as usual and elect one of their number as their speaker, and to present the man thus elected to the same lord king. The same chancellor announced moreover that the said lord king, wishing justice to be done more swiftly both to denizens and aliens wishing to complain in the said parliament, had appointed and assigned certain receivers of the petitions to be presented in the same parliament in the following form ...
On 23 Jan 1484 Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond (age 40) was subject to an attainder in the first Parliament of Richard III for her involvement. Whilst the Act was described as an Attainder Richard in effect transferred all of Margaret's property to her husband Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby (age 49) as follows:
An act for the attainder of Margaret, countess of Richmond (age 40):
Because Margaret, countess of Richmond, mother of the king's great rebel and traitor, Henry, earl of Richmond, has lately conspired, leagued and committed high treason against our sovereign lord King Richard III in various ways, and in particular by sending messages, writings and tokens to the said Henry, urging, instigating and stirring him by them to come into this realm to make war upon our said sovereign lord; to which urging, instigation and stirring the said Henry applied himself, as experience has recently shown. Also, the said countess supplied great sums of money within the city of London as well as elsewhere in this realm to be employed in the execution of the said treason and malicious purpose; and the said countess also conspired, leagued and plotted the destruction of our said sovereign lord, and knew of and assented to, and assisted in the treason planned and committed by Henry, late Duke of Buckingham, and his supporters, for which he and some of his supporters have been attainted by an act in this present parliament. Nevertheless, our said sovereign lord, of his special grace, mindful of the good and faithful service which Thomas, Lord Stanley, has given and intends to give our said sovereign lord, and for the sincere love and trust which the king has in him, and for his sake, remits and will forbear the great punishment of attainting the said countess, which she or anyone else doing the same has deserved; and in consideration of the foregoing, our said sovereign lord wills that it be enacted, ordained and decreed, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons assembled in this present parliament, and by authority of the same, that the said countess henceforth shall be legally unable to have, inherit or enjoy any manors, lands or tenements, or other hereditaments or possessions whatsoever, and also henceforth shall be unable to bear or have any name of estate or dignity; and that the said countess shall forfeit to our said sovereign lord the king and his heirs all the castles, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions and other hereditaments and possessions, whatsoever they may be, of which the said countess, or anyone else to her use, is now seised or possessed of estate of fee-simple, fee-tail, term of life, in dower or otherwise. And be it ordained by the said authority that all the said castles, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions and other hereditaments with the appurtenances of which the said countess, or anyone else to her use, is now seised of estate of fee-simple or fee-tail, shall remain to the said Thomas for term of his life, and after his death to our said sovereign lord the king and his heirs. And moreover, all the lordships, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions of which the said countess, or any other person to her use, is now seised of estate, term of her life or in dower, shall remain to the said Thomas during her life. And if the said Thomas dies during the lifetime of the said countess, they shall remain to the king; saving to every person and persons, except the said countess and her heirs, their right, title and interest in the said lands and tenements.
Letters. 23 Jan 1513. VENICE. [Copy of a letter received in February, 1512-13.] From Nicolo di Favri to Francesco Gradenigo, London, 23 Jan.-Description of English life and weather. Wrote on 10 Dec. that the camps were disarming. One was in Spain where the King of Spain failed to keep his promise of co-operation and the Spaniards shot at the English who went to eat grapes in a vineyard. Another, under the Lord Treasurer, was in Scotland, whose King made terms; and a third at sea. A French and an English ship were both burnt while fighting together, but whereas the French lost 200 gentlemen the English lost only the captain. Parliament (which met on All Saints Day), and continual resort of its members to the Ambassador's house. Great service done by the Ambassador. His straits for money. Frenchmen in England ill-treated. Taxation. The King and his affection for the Ambassador. News, just come, of four victories of the Spaniards over the French, and death of Mons. de la Palisse.
Note 2. [Note of letters received 1 March 1513.]From Andrea Badoer [, London], 23 Jan.-The King makes very great preparations against France, and the Council has decided that he may go in person. Every day he goes to hasten the Fleet and especially the great ship he is making. There is news that the Duke of Brunswick, captain of the Emperor and Madame Margaret, has been routed by the Duke of Guelders and lost two captains, one of whom, Mons. de Reselich, has been ransomed.
Wriothesley's Chronicle 1510-1519. 23 Jan 1516. The King of Spayne (age 63) died.
On 23 Jan 1516 Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 63) died. His daughter Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 37) succeeded Queen Aragon.
On 23 Jan 1570 James Stewart 1st Earl Moray Regent (age 39) was assassinated at Linlithgow by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a supporter of Mary Queen of Scots (age 27). His daughter Elizabeth Stewart 2nd Countess Moray (age 4) succeeded 2nd Countess Moray. As he was passing in a cavalcade in the main street below, Hamilton fatally wounded him with a carbine shot from a window of his uncle Archbishop Hamilton's (age 57) house. He was the first head of government to be assassinated by a firearm.
On 23 Jan 1649 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 48) was tried at Westminster Hall [Map] by Henry Mildmay (age 56). The fifty-nine signatories of his Death Warrant were:
14 Major-General William Goffe
21 Admiral Richard Deane
42 John Jones
45 Major General Charles Fleetwood
54 Gregory Clement
55 John Downes
57 Thomas Scot
58 John Carew
The commissioners who sat at the trial but did not sign the Death Warrant included:
William Monson 1st Viscount Monson (age 50)
James Harington 3rd Baronet (age 41)
The Captain of the Guard was Daniel Axtell (age 27). The guards included Francis Hacker, Matthew Tomlinson (age 31).
The Solicitor-General was John Cook (age 41).
On 23 Jan 1655 John Mallorie of Studley Royal (age 45) died. He was buried in Ripon Cathedral [Map].
John Mallorie of Studley Royal: In 1610 he was born.
In early 1661 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded of further tranche of those who supported his Restoration ...
On 02 Jan 1661 Henry Bedingfield 1st Baronet (age 46) was created 1st Baronet Bedingfield of Oxburgh in Norfolk.
On 10 Jan 1661 Andrew Rutherford 1st Earl Teviot was created 1st Baron Rutherford with special remainder to his heirs and assignees whatsoever, and that under what provisions, restrictions, and conditions the said Lord Rutherford should think fit.
On 23 Jan 1661 John Cole 1st Baronet (age 41) was created Baronet Cole of Newland.
On 23 Feb 1661 Edward Smythe 1st Baronet (age 41) was created 1st Baronet Smythe.
On 04 Mar 1661 Compton Reade 1st Baronet (age 36) was created 1st Baronet Reade of Barton in Berkshire. Mary Cornwall Lady Reade (age 31) by marriage Lady Reade of Barton in Berkshire.
On 10 Mar 1661 Brian Broughton 1st Baronet (age 42) was created 1st Baronet Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire.
On 20 Mar 1661 Thomas Rich 1st Baronet (age 60) was created 1st Baronet Rich of Sonning in Berkshire.
On 29 Mar 1661 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Viscount Cholmondeley (age 21) was created 1st Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath.
On 30 Mar 1661 James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 50) was created 1st Duke Ormonde by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30). Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 45) by marriage Duchess Ormonde.
On 30 Mar 1661 John Fettiplace 1st Baronet (age 35) was created 1st Baronet Fettiplace of Childrey in Berkshire. Anne Wenman Lady Fettiplace (age 31) by marriage Lady Fettiplace of Childrey in Berkshire.
Pepy's Diary. 23 Jan 1666. Up and to the office and then to dinner. After dinner to the office again all the afternoon, and much business with me. Good newes beyond all expectation of the decrease of the plague, being now but 79, and the whole but 272. So home with comfort to bed. A most furious storme all night and morning.
Pepy's Diary. 23 Jan 1667. Up, and with Sir W. Batten (age 66) and Sir W. Pen (age 45) to White Hall, and there to the Duke of York (age 33), and did our usual business. Having done there, I to St. James's, to see the organ Mrs. Turner (age 44) told me of the other night, of my late Lord Aubigney's; and I took my Lord Bruncker (age 47) with me, he being acquainted with my present Lord Almoner, Mr. Howard (age 38), brother to the Duke of Norfolke (age 38); so he and I thither and did see the organ, but I do not like it, it being but a bauble, with a virginal! joining to it: so I shall not meddle with it.
Pepy's Diary. 23 Jan 1667. Having done with the discourse, we away, and my Lord and I walking into the Park back again, I did observe the new buildings: and my Lord, seeing I had a desire to see them, they being the place for the priests and Fryers, he took me back to my Lord Almoner (age 38); and he took us quite through the whole house and chapel, and the new monastery, showing me most excellent pieces in wax-worke: a crucifix given by a Pope to Mary Queen of Scotts, where a piece of the Cross is1 two bits set in the manner of a cross in the foot of the crucifix: several fine pictures, but especially very good prints of holy pictures. I saw the dortoire [dormitory] and the cells of the priests, and we went into one; a very pretty little room, very clean, hung with pictures, set with books. The Priest was in his cell, with his hair clothes to his skin, bare-legged, with a sandal! only on, and his little bed without sheets, and no feather bed; but yet, I thought, soft enough. His cord about his middle; but in so good company, living with ease, I thought it a very good life. A pretty library they have. And I was in the refectoire, where every man his napkin, knife, cup of earth, and basin of the same; and a place for one to sit and read while the rest are at meals. And into the kitchen I went, where a good neck of mutton at the fire, and other victuals boiling. I do not think they fared very hard. Their windows all looking into a fine garden and the Park; and mighty pretty rooms all. I wished myself one of the Capuchins. Having seen what we could here, and all with mighty pleasure, so away with the Almoner (age 38) in his coach, talking merrily about the difference in our religions, to White Hall, and there we left him. I in my Lord Bruncker's (age 47) coach, he carried me to the Savoy, and there we parted. I to the Castle Tavern, where was and did come all our company, Sir W. Batten (age 66), Sir W. Pen (age 45), Sir R. Ford (age 53), and our Counsel Sir Ellis Layton, Walt Walker, Dr. Budd, Mr. Holder, and several others, and here we had a bad dinner of our preparing, and did discourse something of our business of our prizes, which was the work of the day.
Note 1. Pieces of "the Cross" were formerly held in such veneration, and were so common, that it has been often said enough existed to build a ship. Most readers will remember the distinction which Sir W. Scott represents Louis XI (with great appreciation of that monarch's character), as drawing between an oath taken on a false piece and one taken on a piece of the true cross. Sir Thomas More, a very devout believer in relics, says ("Works", p. 119), that Luther wished, in a sermon of his, that he had in his hand all the pieces of the Holy Cross; and said that if he so had, he would throw them there as never sun should shine on them:-and for what worshipful reason would the wretch do such villainy to the cross of Christ? Because, as he saith, that there is so much gold now bestowed about the garnishing of the pieces of the Cross, that there is none left for poore folke. Is not this a high reason? As though all the gold that is now bestowed about the pieces of the Holy Cross would not have failed to have been given to poor men, if they had not been bestowed about the garnishing of the Cross! and as though there were nothing lost, but what is bestowed about Christ's Cross!" "Wolsey, says Cavendish, on his fall, gave to Norris, who brought him a ring of gold as a token of good will from Henry, "a little chaine of gold, made like a bottle chain, with a cross of gold, wherein was a piece of the Holy Cross, which he continually wore about his neck, next his body; and said, furthermore, 'Master Norris, I assure you, when I was in prosperity, although it seem but small in value, yet I would not gladly have departed with the same for a thousand pounds.'" Life, ed. 1852, p. 167. Evelyn mentions, "Diary", November 17th, 1664, that he saw in one of the chapels in St. Peter's a crucifix with a piece of the true cross in it. Amongst the jewels of Mary Queen (age 28) of Scots was a cross of gold, which had been pledged to Hume of Blackadder for £1000 (Chalmers's "Life", vol. i., p. 31 ). B.
On 23 Jan 1688 Ulrika Eleonora Palatinate Zweibrücken Queen Consort Sweden was born to Charles XI King Sweden (age 32) and Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg (age 31).
On 23 Jan 1698 Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 68) died.
On 23 Jan 1748 Margaret Butler was born to Somerset Butler 1st Earl Carrick (age 29) and Juliana Boyle.
After 23 Jan 1760. Church of St Mary Magdalene, Eardisley [Map]. Monument to William Barnesley of Eardisley Park (deceased) and his wife Elizabeth Price (age 53).
Elizabeth Price: In 1707 she was born to Walter Price of Kaevenblane. On 26 Aug 1723 William Barnesley of Eardisley Park and she were married at the Fleet Prison. There was no issue from the marriage. On 08 Apr 1773 she died. She was buried at the Church of St Mary Magdalene, Eardisley
After the death of John Hoppner (age 51) on 23 Jan 1810 William Owen (age 41) became portrait painter to the Prince of Wales (age 47).
On 23 Jan 1810 John Hoppner (age 51) died.
On 23 Jan 1865 Constance MacDonald "Connie" Gilchrist Countess Orkney was born to David Gilchrist in Agar Town, London.
On 23 Jan 1874 Prince Alfred Windsor (age 29) and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov (age 20) were married. He the son of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 54). She a great x 5 granddaughter of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 23 Jan 1874 Unknown Painter. The Wedding of Prince Alfred Windsor (age 29) and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov (age 20).
On 23 Jan 1878 Alfonso XII King Spain (age 20) and Maria de las Mercedes Unknown Queen Consort Spain (age 17) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Spain. She the daughter of Antoine Orléans Duke Montpensier (age 53) and Infanta Luisa Fernanda Duchess of Montpensier (age 45). He the son of Francisco de Asís King Consort Spain (age 55) and Isabella II Queen Spain (age 47). They were half first cousins.
On 23 Jan 1881 Luisa Adele Rosa Maria Amman Marchesa Casati was born to Alberto Amman and Lucia Bressi.
On 23 Jan 1889 Alexandre Cabanel (age 65) died.
On 23 and 24 Jan 1900 the Battle of Spion Kop was fought between British and Boer forces.
Robert Calverley Bewicke fought.
On 23 Jan 1906 Princess May of Teck was born to Alexander Teck 1st Earl Athlone (age 32) and Princess Alice Countess Athlone (age 22) at Claremont House Esher, Surrey. She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 23 Jan 1911 John Thomas Blight (age 75) died.
Births on the 23rd January
On 23 Jan 1378 Louis Wittelsbach III Elector Palatine was born to Rupert King Germany (age 25).
On 23 Jan 1565 Richard Cheney was born to Richard Cheney (age 41).
On 23 Jan 1570 Christoph Wittelsbach was born to William Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria (age 21) and Renata Lorraine Duchess Bavaria (age 25). Coefficient of inbreeding 2.86%.
Around 23 Jan 1594 John Spelman of Heydon was born to Henry Spelman of Congham (age 32) and Eleanor le Strange (age 26).
On 23 Jan 1612 George "Fairy Earl" Fitzgerald 16th Earl of Kildare was born to Edward Fitzgerald.
On 23 Jan 1628 Francis Annesley was born to Francis Annesley 1st Viscount Valentia (age 42) and Jane Stanhope Viscountess Valentia (age 22).
On 23 Jan 1647 Seymour Shirley 5th Baronet was born to Robert Shirley 4th Baronet (age 18) and Catherine Okeover.
On 23 Jan 1653 Simon Yorke was born to Simon Yorke of Dover (age 48).
On or before 23 Jan 1663 John Bullock was born to William Bullock of Norton (age 46) and Sarah Gill.
On 23 Jan 1688 Ulrika Eleonora Palatinate Zweibrücken Queen Consort Sweden was born to Charles XI King Sweden (age 32) and Ulrika Eleonora Oldenburg (age 31).
On 23 Jan 1719 William Rochfort was born to George Rochfort (age 37) and Elizabeth Moore (age 32)..
On 23 Jan 1723 Reverend Henry Wilson was born to Mathew Wilson (age 16).
On 13 Jan 1724 or 23 Jan 1724 Sophia Antonia Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld was born to Ferdinand Albert II Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (age 43) and Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (age 27).
On 23 Jan 1726 James Johnstone 4th Baronet was born to James Johnstone 3rd Baronet (age 28) and Barbara Murray.
On 23 Jan 1738 John Perceval 3rd Earl Egmont was born to John Perceval 2nd Earl Egmont (age 26) and Catherine Cecil Countess Egmont (age 16).
On 23 Jan 1738 Charles Tottenham aka Loftus 1st Marquess Ely was born to John Tottenham 1st Baronet (age 23) and Elizabeth Loftus.
On 23 Jan 1747 Ferdinando Smith was born.
On 23 Jan 1748 Margaret Butler was born to Somerset Butler 1st Earl Carrick (age 29) and Juliana Boyle.
On 23 Jan 1751 Amabel Yorke Countess Grey was born to Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke (age 30) and Jemima Campbell 2nd Marchioness Grey (age 27).
On 23 Jan 1753 Thomas Brooke-Pechell 2nd Baronet was born to Paul Pechell 1st Baronet (age 28) and Mary Brooke Lady Pechell.
On 23 Jan 1753 Charles Warwick Bamlfylde 5th Baronet was born to Richard Warwick Bampfylde 4th Baronet (age 30).
On 23 Jan 1761 Maria Forbes Countess Clarendon was born to John Forbes (age 46) and Mary Capell.
On 23 Jan 1765 Henry Legge was born to William Legge 2nd Earl Dartmouth (age 33) and Frances Catherine Gounter Nicoll Countess Dartmouth (age 32).
On 23 Jan 1765 Thomas Thynne 2nd Marquess of Bath was born to Thomas Thynne 1st Marquess of Bath (age 30) and Elizabeth Bentinck Marchioness Bath (age 29).
On 23 Jan 1770 George Thynne 2nd Baron Carteret was born to Thomas Thynne 1st Marquess of Bath (age 35) and Elizabeth Bentinck Marchioness Bath (age 34).
On 23 Jan 1782 Thomas Stanley-Massey-Stanley 9th Baronet was born to Thomas Stanley-Massey-Stanley 7th Baronet (age 27).
On 23 Jan 1783 George Thicknesse-Touchet 20th Baron Audley was born to George Thicknesse 19th Baron Audley (age 25) and Elizabeth Delaval Baroness Audley (age 26).
On 23 Jan 1786 Reverend Henry Knightley was born to Charles Knightley (age 32).
On 23 Jan 1787 William Cust was born to Brownlow Cust 1st Baron Brownlow (age 42) and Frances Bankes Baroness Brownlow.
On 23 Jan 1790 Thomas Lister 2nd Baron Ribblesdale was born to Thomas Lister 1st Baron Ribblesdale (age 37) and Rebecca Fielding Baroness Ribblesdale (age 18).
On 23 Jan 1795 Admiral Henry John Rous was born to John Rous 1st Earl Stradbrooke (age 44).
On 23 Jan 1807 Edward Thynne was born to Thomas Thynne 2nd Marquess of Bath (age 42) and Isabella Elizabeth Byng Marchioness Bath (age 33).
On 23 Jan 1816 Mary Agnes Blanche Ashburnham was born to George Ashburnham 3rd Earl Ashburnham (age 55) and Charlotte Percy Countess Ashburham (age 40).
On 23 Jan 1828 Archibald Peel was born.
On 23 Jan 1830 Thomas Edward Lloyd-Mostyn was born to Edward Lloyd aka Lloyd-Mostyn 2nd Baron Mostyn (age 35).
On 23 Jan 1831 Somerset Gough-Calthorpe 7th Baron Calthorpe was born to Frederick Gough 4th Baron Calthorpe (age 40) and Charlotte Sophia Somerset 4th Baroness Calthorpe (age 35).
On 23 Jan 1835 Catherine Douglas was born to David Archibald Douglas (age 36) and Marguerite Suzan.
On 23 Jan 1841 Benoît Constant Coquelin was born at Boulogne sur Mer [Map].
On 23 Jan 1842 William Tate 2nd Baronet was born to Henry Tate 1st Baronet (age 22).
On 23 Jan 1844 George Fletcher Ottley Boughey was born to George Fenton Fletcher Boughey (age 30).
On 23 Jan 1847 Frederick Compton Howard was born to Frederick Howard (age 32) and Fanny Cavendish (age 37).
On 23 Jan 1851 Charles George Lascelles was born to Henry Thynne Lascelles 4th Earl Harewood (age 26) and Elizabeth Joanna Burgh (age 24).
On 23 Jan 1865 Constance MacDonald "Connie" Gilchrist Countess Orkney was born to David Gilchrist in Agar Town, London.
On 23 Jan 1869 Lieutenant Neville Windsor Hill-Trevor was born to Arthur Edwin Hill aka Hill-Trevor 1st Baron Trevor (age 49) and Mary Catherine Curzon Baroness Trevor (age 31).
On 23 Jan 1872 Harry Lloyd Verney was born.
On 23 Jan 1875 Gerald Berkeley Fitzharding 7th Viscount Portman was born to Henry Fitzharding 2nd Viscount Portman (age 45) and Mary Selina Wentworth-Fitzwilliam Viscountess Portman (age 39).
On 23 Jan 1881 Luisa Adele Rosa Maria Amman Marchesa Casati was born to Alberto Amman and Lucia Bressi.
On 23 Jan 1906 Princess May of Teck was born to Alexander Teck 1st Earl Athlone (age 32) and Princess Alice Countess Athlone (age 22) at Claremont House Esher, Surrey. She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 23 Jan 1914 Captain Michael Frederick Laud Robinson was born to Frederick Villiers Laud Robinson 10th Baronet (age 33).
On 23 Jan 1916 Bernard van Cutsem was born.
On 23 Jan 1916 Harold Hood 2nd Baronet was born to Joseph Hood 1st Baronet (age 52).
On 23 Jan 1918 Richard Newton Rycroft 7th Baronet was born to Nelson Edward Oliver Rycroft 6th Baronet (age 31).
On 23 Jan 1924 David William Anthony Blyth Macpherson 2nd Baron Strathcarron was born to James Ian Macpherson 1st Baron Strathcarron (age 43).
Marriages on the 23rd January
On 23 Jan 1045 King Edward "Confessor" of England (age 42) and Edith of Wessex Queen Consort England (age 19) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort England. The difference in their ages was 23 years. She the daughter of Godwin Godwinson 1st Earl Kent and Wessex (age 44) and Gytha Estrigen Countess Kent and Wessex. He the son of King Æthelred "Unready" II of England and Emma aka Ælfgyfu of Normandy Queen Consort England (age 60).
On 23 Jan 1302 Ferdinand IV King Castile IV King Leon (age 16) and Constance Burgundy Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon (age 12) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Castile, Queen Consort Leon. She the daughter of Denis I King Portugal (age 40) and Elisabeth Barcelona Queen Consort Portugal (age 31). He the son of Sancho IV King Castile IV King Leon and Maria Molina Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon. They were half first cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
Before 23 Jan 1406 John Beauchamp 3rd Baron Beauchamp Bletsoe (age 28) and Edith Stourton Baroness Beauchamp Bletsoe (age 16) were married. She by marriage Baroness Beauchamp Bletsoe in Bedfordshire. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King John "Lackland" of England. 
On 23 Jan 1581 James "The Bonnie Earl" Stewart 2nd Earl Moray (age 16) and Elizabeth Stewart 2nd Countess Moray (age 15) were married. She by marriage Lord Doune. He by marriage 2nd Earl Moray. She the daughter of James Stewart 1st Earl Moray Regent and Agnes Keith Countess Moray and Argyll (age 50). They were third cousins. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
Before 23 Jan 1594 Henry Spelman of Congham (age 32) and Eleanor le Strange (age 26) were married.
Before 23 Jan 1647 Robert Shirley 4th Baronet (age 18) and Catherine Okeover were married.
On 23 Jan 1652 John Wray 3rd Baronet (age 32) and Elizabeth Willoughby Lady D'Ewes and Glentworth (age 27) were married. She by marriage Lady Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire.
On 23 Jan 1653 George Monck 1st Duke Albemarle (age 44) and Anne Clarges Duchess Albermarle (age 33) were married. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward IV of England. 
On 23 Jan 1654 Francis Rolle (age 24) and Priscilla Foote were married.
Before 23 Jan 1671 Walter Strickland (age 48) and Barbara Belasyse were married.
On 23 Jan 1691 John Newton 3rd Baronet (age 40) and Susanna Wharton Lady Newton (age 40) were married.
On 23 Jan 1693 George Carpenter 1st Baron Carpenter (age 35) and Alice Caulfeild Baroness Carpenter (age 32) were married.
On 23 Jan 1730 John Campbell 3rd Earl Breadalbaine and Holland (age 33) and Arbella Pershall Countess Breadalbaine and Holland were married. He the son of John Campbell 2nd Earl Breadalbaine and Holland (age 67) and Henrietta Villiers Countess Breadalbaine and Holland.
Before 23 Jan 1738 John Tottenham 1st Baronet (age 23) and Elizabeth Loftus were married.
On 23 Jan 1768 Charles Dormer 8th Baron Dormer (age 42) and Elizabeth Hamilton Baroness Dormer were married.
On 23 Jan 1788 George Worsley (age 26) and Anne Cayley (age 20) were married.
On 23 Jan 1821 Charles John Baillie Hamilton and Caroline Bertie were married. She the daughter of Willoughby Bertie 4th Earl of Abingdon and Charlotte Warren.
On 23 Jan 1842 George Murray (age 69) and Louisa Paget (age 64) were married. She the daughter of Henry Bayly-Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge and Jane Champagné Countess Uxbridge.
On 23 Jan 1874 Prince Alfred Windsor (age 29) and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov (age 20) were married. He the son of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 54). She a great x 5 granddaughter of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 23 Jan 1878 Alfonso XII King Spain (age 20) and Maria de las Mercedes Unknown Queen Consort Spain (age 17) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Spain. She the daughter of Antoine Orléans Duke Montpensier (age 53) and Infanta Luisa Fernanda Duchess of Montpensier (age 45). He the son of Francisco de Asís King Consort Spain (age 55) and Isabella II Queen Spain (age 47). They were half first cousins.
On 23 Jan 1883 Arthur Chichester 8th Baronet (age 60) and Rosalie Amelia Chamberlayne were married.
Before 23 Jan 1885 Lancelot John Hunter Allgood of Nunwick (age 62) and Louisa Charlotte Hill (age 61) were married.
On 23 Jan 1896 Henry Charles Augustus Fitzroy (age 21) and Katherine De Vere Beauclerk (age 18) were married. She the daughter of William Amelius Aubrey Beauclerk 10th Duke St Albans (age 55) and Grace Bernal Duchess St Albans (age 48). She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Deaths on the 23rd January
On 23 Jan 1002 Otto III King Italy III King Germany III Holy Roman Emperor (age 21) died.
On 23 Jan 1260 Stephen Longespée (age 44) died at Sutton, Northamptonshire.
On 23 Jan 1297 Floris Avesnes (age 42) died.
On 23 Jan 1312 Isabella Villehardouin (age 52) died.
On 23 Jan 1324 Fulk Strange 1st Baron Strange Blackmere (age 57) died at Black Mere, Whitchurch. His son John Strange 2nd Baron Strange Blackmere (age 17) succeeded 2nd Baron Strange Blackmere. Ankaret Boteler Baroness Strange Blackmere (age 15) by marriage Baroness Strange Blackmere.
Before 23 Jan 1332 John Clavering (age 66) died.
On 23 Jan 1353 Philip Somerville (age 75) died.
Before 23 Jan 1354 John Orreby (age 35) died.
On 23 Jan 1381 Hugh Wrottesley (age 47) died.
On 23 Jan 1387 Maud Burghesh Baroness Grey Rotherfield (age 72) died at Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire [Map].
On 23 Jan 1423 Margaret Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy (age 60) died.
On 23 Jan 1445 John Oliphant (age 29) died.
Around 23 Jan 1464 William Trussell (age 77) died.
Before 23 Jan 1475 Joan Welles 9th Baroness Willoughby Eresby died.
Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby (age 22) de jure 10th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. Margaret Jenney Baroness Willoughby Eresby (age 15) by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
King Edward IV of England (age 32) had father and son Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby 7th Baron Welles and Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby 8th Baron Welles posthumously attainted some five years after the Welles' Rebellion to ensure Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby (age 42) would continue to enjoy the benefit of the Welles' estates; he was given a life interest in the estates on 23 Jan 1475. Another example of King Edward IV of England (age 32) being somewhat disingenuous with the legal system to his own advantage. He, Edward (age 32) was, in effect, disinheriting Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby (age 22) who should have inherited Baron Willoughby de Eresby and John Welles 1st Viscount Welles (age 25) who should have inherited Baron Welles following Joan's death.
On 23 Jan 1483 Elizabeth Ferrers 6th Baroness Ferrers Groby (age 64) died. Her grandson Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset (age 28) succeeded 7th Baron Ferrers of Groby. Cecily Bonville Marchioness Dorset (age 22) by marriage Baroness Ferrers of Groby.
On 23 Jan 1506 Anne Hopton (age 51) died.
On 23 Jan 1516 Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 63) died. His daughter Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 37) succeeded Queen Aragon.
On 23 Jan 1528 Helen Campbell Countess Eglinton (age 68) died.
On 23 Jan 1538 Christina or Margaret Barnardiston (age 48) died.
On 23 Jan 1542 Roger Giffard (age 79) died.
On 23 Jan 1544 William Fitzalan 18th Earl Arundel (age 68) died. He was buried at Arundel Castle [Map]. His son Henry Fitzalan 19th Earl Arundel (age 31) succeeded 19th Earl Arundel Sussex, 9th Baron Maltravers, 9th Baron Arundel. Mary Arundell Countess Arundel by marriage Countess Arundel Sussex.
On 23 Jan 1554 Elizabeth Hussey Baroness Hungerford (age 57) died.
On 23 Jan 1570 Christoph Wittelsbach died.
On 23 Jan 1570 James Stewart 1st Earl Moray Regent (age 39) was assassinated at Linlithgow by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a supporter of Mary Queen of Scots (age 27). His daughter Elizabeth Stewart 2nd Countess Moray (age 4) succeeded 2nd Countess Moray. As he was passing in a cavalcade in the main street below, Hamilton fatally wounded him with a carbine shot from a window of his uncle Archbishop Hamilton's (age 57) house. He was the first head of government to be assassinated by a firearm.
On 23 Jan 1576 Bishop James Pilkington (age 56) died at Bishop Auckland, County Durham [Map].
On 23 Jan 1577 Nicholas of Lorraine Duke of Mercœur (age 52) died.
On 23 Jan 1584 John Waterhouse (age 59) died.
On 23 Jan 1587 Johann Wilhelm Wettin (age 1) died.
On 23 Jan 1620 John Croke (age 67) died in Chilton, Buckinghamshire.
On 23 Jan 1625 Margaret Devereux (age 83) died at Lichfield, Staffordshire [Map].
On 23 Jan 1637 Alice Spencer Countess Derby (age 87) died.
On 23 Jan 1650 Philip Herbert 4th Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Montgomery (age 65) died at Whitehall Palace [Map]. He was buried at Salisbury Cathedral [Map]. His son Philip Herbert 5th Earl Pembroke 2nd Earl Montgomery (age 29) succeeded 5th Earl Pembroke, 2nd Earl Montgomery.
On 23 Jan 1655 John Mallorie of Studley Royal (age 45) died. He was buried in Ripon Cathedral [Map].
John Mallorie of Studley Royal: In 1610 he was born.
On 23 Jan 1671 Walter Strickland (age 48) died.
On 23 Jan 1685 Edward Wray (age 58) died.
On 23 Jan 1698 Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 68) died.
On 23 Jan 1705 Martha Carey Countess Middleton (age 70) died.
On 23 Jan 1712 Thomas Pelham 1st Baron Pelham of Laughton (age 59) died. His son Thomas Pelham Holles 1st Duke Newcastle-under-Lyme (age 18) succeeded 2nd Baron Pelham of Laughton, 5th Baronet Pelham of Laughton.
On 23 Jan 1720 Thomas Southwell 1st Baron Southwell (age 55) died.
On 23 Jan 1733 Margaret Warterer died.
On or before 23 Jan 1740 Penelope Glynne Lady Wheler died. She was buried on 23 Jan 1740 at All Saints' Church, Leamington Hastings.
On 23 Jan 1742 William Stawell 3rd Baron Stawell (age 60) died. His brother Edward Stawell 4th Baron Stawell succeeded 4th Baron Stawell of Somerton in Somerset.
On 23 Jan 1747 Pattee Byng 2nd Viscount Torrington (age 47) died. He was buried at Bing Vault, All Saints Church, Southill. His brother George Byng 3rd Viscount Torrington (age 45) succeeded 3rd Viscount Torrington.
On 23 Jan 1750 Philip Howard (age 61) died.
On 23 Jan 1752 John Wray 12th Baronet (age 62) died. He was buried at Ripon Cathedral [Map]. His son Cecil Wray 13th Baronet (age 17) succeeded 13th Baronet Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire.
On 23 Jan 1753 Anne Louise Bénédicte Bourbon Condé (age 76) died.
On 23 Jan 1760 William Barnesley of Eardisley Park (age 57) died. He was buried at the Church of St Mary Magdalene, Eardisley [Map].
On 23 Jan 1795 John Hynde Cotton 4th Baronet (age 78) died. His son Admiral Charles Cotton 5th Baronet (age 37) succeeded 5th Baronet Cotton of Landwade in Cambridgeshire.
On 23 Jan 1803 Arthur Guiness (age 77) died.
On 23 Jan 1806 William "The Younger" Pitt (age 46) died.
On 23 Jan 1810 John Hoppner (age 51) died.
On 23 Jan 1812 Sophia Maria Maude died.
On 23 Jan 1820 John Howard 15th Earl Suffolk 8th Earl Berkshire (age 80) died.
On 23 Jan 1820 John Howard 15th Earl Suffolk (age 80) died. His son Thomas Howard 16th Earl Suffolk 9th Earl Berkshire (age 43) succeeded 16th Earl Suffolk, 9th Earl Berkshire. Elizabeth Jane Dutton Countess Suffolk and Berkshire (age 45) by marriage Countess Suffolk, Countess Berkshire.
On 23 Jan 1820 Edward Augustus Hanover 1st Duke Kent and Strathearn (age 52) died at Woolbrook Cottage Sidmouth, Devon.
On 23 Jan 1824 Brooke Boothby 6th Baronet (age 79) died at Boulogne sur Mer [Map]. His brother William Boothby 7th Baronet (age 77) succeeded 7th Baronet Boothby of Broadlow Ash in Derbyshire. On 03 Feb 1824 he was buried at St Oswald's Church, Ashbourne [Map].
On 23 Jan 1828 Caroline Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (age 28) died.
On 23 Jan 1831 Horace Beckford aka Pitt-Rivers 3rd Baron Rivers (age 53) drowned himself in The Serpentine, Hyde Park having reneged on a pledge to never play cards again. His son George Pitt-Rivers 4th Baron Rivers (age 20) succeeded 4th Baron Rivers of Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire.
On 23 Jan 1832 Ernest Cornwallis Eliot died.
On 23 Jan 1833 Edward Pellew 1st Viscount Exmouth (age 75) died. He was buried at St James the Apostle Church, Christow. His son Pownoll Bastard Pellew 2nd Viscount Exmouth (age 46) succeeded 2nd Viscount Exmouth, 2nd Baron Exmouth of Canonteign, 2nd Baronet Pellew of Treverry in Cornwall. He died in December of the same year. Georgiana Janet Dick Viscountess Pellew (age 33) by marriage Viscountess Exmouth.
On 23 Jan 1838 Pascoe Grenfell (age 76) died.
On 23 Jan 1839 James Keiller (age 63) died.
On 23 Jan 1840 Mary O'Brien (age 81) died.
On 23 Jan 1841 Henry Perceval 5th Earl Egmont (age 45) died. His half first cousin once removed George Perceval 6th Earl Egmont (age 46) succeeded 6th Earl Egmont, 6th Viscount Perceval of Kanturk in County Cork, 6th Baron Perceval of Burton in County Cork, 10th Baronet Perceval of Kanturk in County Cork, 5th Baron Lovel and Holland of Enmore in Somerset.
On 23 Jan 1842 Louisa Paget (age 64) died.
On 23 Jan 1844 Francis Burdett 5th Baronet (age 73) died ten days after the death of his wife Sophia Coutts Lady Burdett; he had refused food after she had died. His son Robert Burdett 6th Baronet (age 47) succeeded 6th Baronet Burdett of Bramcote in Warwickshire.
On 23 Jan 1844 Pyne Crosbie Lady of the Bedchamber (age 64) died.
On 23 Jan 1851 Archibald John Primrose (age 41) died.
On 23 Jan 1854 Ralph Franco aka Lopes 2nd Baronet (age 65) died. His son Massey Lopes 3rd Baronet (age 35) succeeded 3rd Baronet Lopes of Maristow-House in Devon.
On 23 Jan 1859 Reverend Thomas Heathcote (age 69) died.
On 23 Jan 1863 Anne Louisa Ponsonby died.
On 23 Jan 1865 Corisande Armandine Sophie Léonie Hélène Gramont Countess Tankerville (age 82) died.
On 23 Jan 1874 Edith Maud Rawdon-Hastings 10th Countess Loudon (age 40) died. Her son Charles Rawdon-Hastings 11th Earl Loudon (age 19) succeeded 11th Earl Loudon, 22nd Baron Botreaux, 21st Baron Hungerford, 19th Baron Moleyns and 19th Baron Hastings. Alice Elizabeth Fitzalan Howard Countess Loudon by marriage Countess Loudon.
On 23 Jan 1874 Henry Villiers Stuart (age 70) died. Baron Stuart de Decies of Dromana within the Decies in County Waterford extinct as a consequence of there being uncertainty about the validity of his marriage to Theresia Pauline Ott. His son Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart (age 46) was not allowed to inherit the title.
On 23 Jan 1874 George Strickland 7th Baronet (age 91) died. His son Charles Strickland 8th Baronet (age 54) succeeded 8th Baronet Strickland of Boynton in Yorkshire. Esther Ann Strickland inherited Whitby Manor
On 23 Jan 1876 Anne Coke (age 31) died.
On 23 Jan 1885 John Jervis 4th Viscount St Vincent (age 34) died. His brother Carnegie Jervis 5th Viscount St Vincent (age 29) succeeded 5th Viscount St Vincent of Meaford in Staffordshire.
On 23 Jan 1885 Lancelot John Hunter Allgood of Nunwick (age 62) died.
On 23 Jan 1889 Alexandre Cabanel (age 65) died.
On 23 Jan 1892 Henry Stapleton 9th Baron Beaumont (age 43) died without issue. His brother Miles Stapleton 10th Baron Beaumont (age 41) succeeded 10th Baron Beaumont.
On 23 Jan 1902 William Parker 2nd Baronet (age 77) died. His son William Lorenzo Parker 3rd Baronet (age 13) succeeded 3rd Baronet Parker of Shenstone.
On 23 Jan 1903 Augusta Neville (age 43) died.
On 23 Jan 1911 John Thomas Blight (age 75) died.
On 23 Jan 1912 William Lowther (age 90) died.
On 23 Jan 1916 Susan Isabel Elton Smith Countess Wilton (age 74) died.
On 23 Jan 1920 Lieutenant-Colonel William Lyonel Vane (age 60) died at Haughton Hall, County Durham. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Haughton-le-Skerne [Map].
On 23 Jan 1926 Anna Lloyd (age 92) died.
On 23 Jan 1927 Georgina Mary Hill (age 85) died.
On 23 Jan 1930 Ernest James Seymour (age 79) died.
On 23 Jan 1939 Evelyn Henrietta Leigh Baroness Alington died.
On 23 Jan 1972 Dorothy Gough-Calthorpe Countess of Malmesbury (age 86) died.
On 23 Jan 1989 John Lyon-Dalberg-Acton 3rd Baron Acton (age 81) died. His son Richard Lyon-Dalberg-Acton 4th Baron Acton (age 47) succeeded 4th Baron Acton of Aldenham in Shropshire, 11th Baronet Acton of Aldenham Hall.
On 23 Jan 1998 Friedrich Josias Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 79) died.
On 23 Jan 2005 Morys George Lyndhurst Bruce 4th Baron Aberdare (age 85) died. His son Alastair Bruce 5th Baron Aberdare (age 57) succeeded 5th Baron Aberdare of Duffryn in Glamorganshire.
