Hall's Chronicle 1532. 01 Sep 1535. The King being in progress this summer, was advertised that the Pope and the French King, had appointed to meet at Marseilles in Provence, in the beginning of the next spring, wherefore the King like a wise and politic prince, thought it convenient to speak with the French King in his own person, before the Pope and he should come together, and to declare to him both the determination, of the Universities and Doctors concerning his matrimony, and also the general counsels, which ordained such causes, to be tried in the provinces and countries, where the doubt should rise, trusting that the French King should cause the Pope to incline to God’s law, and to leave his own traditions and avoid dispensations, whereupon both the princes concluded, to meet in October following, between Calais and Boulogne. Wherefore the King of England sent out his letters, to his nobility, prelates, and servants, commanding them to be ready at Canterbury, the 26th day of September, to passe the Seas with him, for the accomplishing of the interview, between him and his brother the Frenche King. Many men were sorry to hear, that the King should pass the sea in winter, and especially in October, when the seas be rough, but their sayings letted not his purpose: for he marched forward from Ampthill to Windsor, where on Sunday being the first day of September, he created the lady Anne Boleyn (age 34), Marchioness of Pembroke, and gave to her one thousand pound land by the year, and that solemnity finished, he rode to the College to Masse, and when the Masse was ended, a new league was concluded and sworn, between the King and the French King, Monsieur Pomoray the French Ambassador then being present. After which oath taken, Doctor Fox the King’s almoner, made an eloquent oration in Latin, in praise of peace, love, and amity. Which done the trumpets blew, and the King returned to the Castle, where was kept a solemn feast. From thence the King removed to Greenwich, and so forward to Canterbury, where at the day appointed, he found ready furnished, all such as were commanded to pass the sea with him, well and richly adorned, both they and their servants.

The Maner of the Triumphe at Caleys and Bulleyn. 11 Oct 1532. I¹ will certyfye you of our newes in the partyes of Calais. Fyrst the xj. day of October whiche was Fryday in the mornyng at. v. of the clocke the kynges grace toke his Shyppe called the Swallowe and so came to Caleys by. x. of the clocke. And there he was receyved with processyon and with the mayre and the lorde delite and all the speres [knights] and the sowdyours in araye with a greate peale of gonnes and laye in Caleys tyll the Sondaye seuenyght after. And on the. xvj. day of October my lorde of Norffolke (age 59) accompanyed with my lord of Darby (age 23) and a great nombre of gentilmen besydes mette with the great mayster of Fraunce vj. myles fro Calays at the englysshe pale the sayd great mayster hauynge two greate lordes in his company of theyr ordre and a hondred gentylmen attendynge vpon them. And there my lorde of Norffolke (age 59) and the greate mayster deuysed the place where the two kynges sholde mete whiche was at Sandyngfelde. And that done they wente bothe to Caleys with theyr companyes. And the sayd greate mayster with dyuerse other straungers dyned that daye with ye Kynge. And after dyner my lorde of Norffolke brought them forth on theyr way a myle or two and so departed for that tyme (age 59).

Note 1. In the Second Edition, the text begins with:

The names of the noble men of Fraunce.

Fyrst the frensshe Kynge.

The kynge of Nauerne [Henry d'Albret, King of Navarre (age 29)]

The Dolphyn Duke of Brytayne Frauncys (age 14).

The duke of Orlyaunce Henry (age 13).

The duke of Angoulesme Charles (age 10).

The duke of Vendosme Charles (age 43).

The duke of Guyse (age 35).

The duke of Longouille (age 22).

The cardynall of Burbon.

The cardynall of Lorrayne (age 34)

The Legate and cardynall chaunceler of Fraunce Antony de prayt (age 69).

The cardynal tournon.

The cardynal gramond (age 46).

The marques of Lorayne de pont.

The marques of Rochelyne.

The two sonnes of the duke of Vendosme.

The sone of the duke of Guyse conte damualle. [D'Aumale]

The conte of saynt Poule Frauncys ile Burbon.

The conte of Neuers.

The conute [sic] Loys de Neuers conte danseore.

The lorde marshal! seigneur de Floraynge.

The lorde myrepois marshall de la foy. [A descendant of Guy de Lews, -who -was elected marshall of the Crusaders "who marched against the jilbigenses ; hence his successors -were all called Marec/iaux de la Foi. He received the lands of Afire foix, in Languedoc, in return for hit services. The family became very illustrious, and tve refer readers ivho have the time and patience to study a very curious piece of family history, to tlie turnings of Carrier and Lognac.]

The conte de porsean.

The conte de bresne.

The conte de tonnore. [The Comte de Tonnerre.]

The conte de sensare.

The conte de grant pre.

The conte d'apremont.

The lorde greate mayster Anne de Momerancy (age 39).

The lorde admarald Philyp Schabbot (age 40).

The lorde grand esquyer Galliot.

The prynce of molse.

The conte de tande. [This is undoubtedly Honorat, son of Pillars, Comte de Tende, natural son of Philip, duke of Sairoy. Villars had been killed at Pavia in 1525. Honorat's daughter married the great duke de Mayenne.]

The conte de villars. [Andre de Brancas, contte de Villars.]

The conte de estampes Johan de la berre. [Jean de Berri, ccmte d'Etampes,]

The conte de chambre. [Chambery?]

The lorde canamples.

The lorde barbeluiez.

The lorde hummeres. [Probably Henry de Cre'vant d'Humieres, ancestor of the celebrated marechal d' Humiercs.]

The lorde roche piot.

The lorde of saynt Andrews.

The lorde montigeu.

The lorde roche guyon.

The lorde piennes.

The lorde pontremy.

Monsieur de longe.

Monsieur de belley. Probably Martin du Bel/ay, prince a" T-vetot.

The archebysshop of Roan.

The archebysshop of Vienne.

The bysshop of Lyseures.

The bysshop of Langres.

The bysshop of Charttres.

The bysshop of Lymoges.

The bysshop of beauuoys.

The bysshop of Auuergne.

The bysshop of Macon.

The bysshop of Castres.

The bysshop of Paris.

The bysshop of Angoulesme.

And as concernynge the nobles and ryall states of this realme it necleth not to expresse by name.

The Maner of the Triumphe at Caleys and Bulleyn. 21 Oct 1532. And on the mondaye the. xxj. daye of October the Kyng of Englande toke his waye to mete with the frensshe kyng at the place before appoynted with seven score [140] all in veluet cotes afore hym lordes and Knyghtes and forty of his garde and other to the nombre (as we thynke) of six hondred horses and as well horsed as euer was seen. And the Kyng our mayster mette with the frensshe Kyng at Sandyngfelde within the englysshe pale thre myles. There the frensshe kynge taryed for our mayster the space of an houre or two the frensshe kynge beyngc accompanyed with the kynge of Nauerne the cardinal of Loreyn the duke of Vandome and¹ with dyuerse other noblemen well and rychely appoynted beynge of lyke nombre as our kyng was of that is to saye six hondred psones². There was the louyngest metyng that euer was seen for the one embraced the other five or six tymes on horsbacke and so dyd the lordes on eyther party eche to other and so dyd ryde hande in hande with greate loue the space of a myle³ and than they dyd lyght of theyr horses and dranke eche to other the frensshe kyng dranke fyrst to our kyng and whan they had dronke they embraced eche other agayne with great loue and so rode towards Bulleyn our kynge on the ryght hande. And whan they came within a myle of Bulleyn there mette with the kynges the Dolphyn (age 14) beynge accompanyed with his two bretherne the duke of Orliaunce (age 13) and the count or erle of Angolame (age 10) very goodly chyldren and attendyng vpon them four cardynalles with a thousand horses very well beseen. And whan they came nere to the towne the frensshe kynge caused our mayster to tary whyles the gonshot was shotte whiche was herd fro Bulleyn twenty englysshe myles of. And so entered the towne where stode the captayn with the sowdyours in good ordre and aboue them stode a hondred swytsheners of the frensh kynges garde in theyr dublettes and theyr hosen of yelowe veluct cutte goodly persons⁴ and aboue them stode two hundred of the frensshe kynges garde more scottes and frensshmen in cotes of yelow blewe and crymsyn veluet beryng halberdes in theyr handes and aboue them stode two hundred gentylmen beyng in theyr gownes well and rychely beseen euery man hauyng an ax⁵ in theyr handes and theyr captaines standyng by them. And so they taryed in Bulleyn mondaye tuysdaye Wednesday and thursday all daye.⁶ And for the greate chere that was there no man can expresse it. For the kynges grace was there enterteyned all at the frensshe kynges costes and charges. And euery daye noble men of Fraunce desyred our nobles and gentylmen home to theyr lodgynges where as they founde theyr houses rychely hanged greate cupbordes of plate sumptuous fare with syngyng and playenge of all kyndes of musyke. And also there was sent vnto our lodgynges great fare with all maner of wynes for our seruantes and our horsmeet payd for and al at theyr charges. And euery day the frensshe kyng had at dyncr and souper with hym certayne noble men of Englande. And the kynges grace had in lykewyse certeyn of theyr nobles at dyner and souper during the tyme of theyr beyng at Bulleyn. And this contynued with as great chere and familiarite as myght be.

Note 1. The Second Edition omits: "and."

Note 2. persons.

Note 3. The Second Edition inserts: At the metyng of these two noble kynges there were sacres and sacrettes cast of and at dyuerse flyghtes two kytes were beten downe which were sooryng in the ayre wh such lyke pastyme whiche greatly pleased al the nobles on bothe partyes.

Note 4. The Second Edition reads "persons" thus "psones."

Note 5. The Second Edition has "a batayle ax."

Note 6. The Second Edition inserts: "The tuysday beynge the seconde day of hys there beyng the frenssh king gaue our kyng ryche apparayle wrought with nedle werke pyrled [fringed] with golde in the whiche lyke apparayle bothe the kynges went to our lady chyrche in Bulleyn. And at that time our kyng optayned release and lyberte of the frenssh kyng for all prysoners at that tyme beynge prisoners in Bulleyn. And in lykewyse dyd the frenssh kyng in Caleys of our kyng and mayster at his there beynge and optayned grace for all banysshed men whiche wolde make sute for theyr pardon. And to esteme the rich trauerses [low curtains] that were in Bulleyn at our lady chyrche and in Caleys in our lady chyrche in lykewyse for bothe the kynges the riche ordynaunces and prouysyon for the same it is to moche for to wryte. And as for the greate chere " &c.

The Maner of the Triumphe at Caleys and Bulleyn. And as concernyng ladyes and gentylwoman there¹ was non there. And on frydaye folowynge the kynges came to Caleys. And the dolphyn with the cardynalles and all theyr gentylmen brought the kynges vnto the place where they fyrst mette and than departed. The frensshe king had great cariage² for there came three hundred mules laden with stuffe. And³ whan they came to Caleys they were saluted with great melody what with gonnes and all other instrumentes and the ordre of the towne it was a heuenly syght for the tyme. First at Newnam bridge, four hundred shotte at the blockhous. Forty shot at Rycebanke toure [Map]. Three hundred shot within the towne of Caleys. Two thousand shot great and small besydes the shyppes it was all nombered three thousand shot. And at Bulleyn by estymation it past not two hundred shot but they were great peces. Also for the ordre of the towne there was set all seruynge men on the one syde in tawny cotes and sowdyours on the other syde all in cotes of reed and blewe with halberdes in theyr handes. And so the kynges came ryding in the myddes and so the frensshe kynge went to staple hall which is a pryncely hous and vpon saterday bothe the kynges rode to our lady chyrche to masse. And at after noone⁴ bothe theyr counselles sate togyder.

Note 1. The Second Edition omits: "there."

Note 2. Baggage.

Note 3. The Second Edition reads for: "And when they came to Calais" .... "And so commynge towarde Caleys the duke of Rychemonde accompanyed with bysshops and many other noble men that were not with the kyng at Bulieyn and all the kynges garde which were with all other meruaylously well horsed and trymde they stode in aplace appoynted in aray and good order in the way two mile out of Caleys where the frensshe kynge sholde come who saluted ye frensshe kynge with great honour in lykr maner as the kynge our mayster.

Note 4. For "after noone" the Second Edition reads, "after onne."

Calendars. Oct. 31 [1532]. Sanuto Diaries v. lvii. p. 266. 822. Zuam Antonio Venier to the Signory.

All the ambassadors being here [at Abbeville] on the 18th, I wrote from Montreuil, that on the 17th the Papal Nuncio and the Imperial Ambassador caused us to remain here at Abbeville an insult to the powers we represent, we being put to cost and in confinement whilst the former ambassadors are sent for to Montreuil and Boulogne, and while others are allowed to attend the congress, which shows they are treating against our princes.¹

On the 11th instant the English King crossed the Channel, and landed at Calais with from 1,500 to 2,000 horse. He brought with him the Marchioness Boleyn (age 31), his favourite, with some twenty maids of honour (damigelle). The most Christian King remained hunting in the neighbourhood of Boulogne until the 19th, when he entered the town. On the 20th he went to Marquise, and on the afternoon of the 21st proceeded towards Calais, and midway met the English King, and both their Majesties, with mutual goodwill and respect, embraced, calling each other "brother;" and coming to Boulogne, the most Christian King placed the King of England on his right hand; and passing through Marquise they refreshed themselves, the reception being as pompous and costly as possible, there being great plenty of everything requisite.

Proceeding on their way, they met the Dauphin and the Dukes of Orleans and Angouleme, and the most Christian King said to the English King, "Sire, those are the Dauphin and my other sons, who wish, and are bound, to pay their respects to your Majesty;" and he then drew a little aside, not choosing to take part in the reception. Whereupon the English King not only embraced but kissed them all three on the mouth; and the Dauphin and Orleans thanked him for what he had done, and for having released their father from captivity, declaring that their lives and their entire substance would at all times be at the disposal of his Majesty and his kingdom. Angouleme, who had not the same subject of discourse, addressed him in another form, but so sweetly and sagely, according to report, that he spoke like an angel; so that the English King again embraced him alone, kissing him several times; after which the most Christian King resumed his place beside King Henry, thanking him for his gracious reception of his sons. They were then met in succession by five cardinals, namely, the Legate [Chancellor Duprat (age 69)], Bourbon, Lorraine, Tournon, and Grammont, and by a great number of archbishops, bishops, and prelates, and by many princes and barons, all of whom were embraced by the English King, which being a tedious and fatiguing ceremony, was considered a mark of great gracious-ness on the part of his Majesty; there being, in addition to these, the 200 gentlemen of his most Christian Majesty's household, in rich and noble array, and the 400 archers, and the 100 Switzers, all in very costly liveries of silk and gold, so that the abundance of silk, gold, pearls, and jewels on the part of France was considered inestimable, most especially on account of the embroideries and brocades (brocature) now in fashion there; but on the side of England there were many cloths of silk, and gold chains without number, but not such boundless expense.

On entering Boulogne, although the English King remonstrated against it, his most Christian Majesty accompanied him to his chamber; and on the following day sent him, as a present, a coat (iuppone) a doublet (soio) and a gown (roba) such as he himself purposed wearing on that day, which apparel was embroidered with pearls and precious stones, so that it is said to be marvellous. And the various games, entertainments, and pageants were most splendid and endless; and the extreme graciousness of both the Kings was remarkable, for the most Christian King always banqueted the Englishmen, King Henry doing the like by the Frenchmen. On the 13th the most Christian King gave the English King a suit of bed furniture, wrought throughout with pearls on crimson velvet, which he purchased lately in Paris of an Italian merchant for 10,000 golden crowns; and the other day he gave him six coursers of his own breed, the handsomest he had in his stable.

It is said that on the evening of the 23rd the two Kings held a long secret conference, there being present on the part of France the Lord Chancellor Legate, the Lord Steward, and the Admiral², and on the part of England the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the Bishop of Winchester.

The result of this conference is understood to be that the most Christian King sends the Cardinals Tournon and Grammont to the Pope about the Emperor entering Italy, and will send a personage to said Emperor (a esso Cesare) and he has despatched an ambassador to Scotland to offer his daughter to the King there, according to the request made by the Scottish ambassador, who had returned to his King without any decision. But his most Christian Majesty will give him his daughter on condition that he do forthwith form a league and understanding with his Majesty and the English King, which will be difficult.

It is said that the English King having made the Marchioness (age 31) cross the Channel with him for the purpose of marrying her, with the intervention of King Francis, (per sposarla con intervento dil Re Xmo.) his most Christian Majesty apparently modified this project at the consultation held between them; and such is the belief of the French and English.

The Reverend (sic) Casal³ arrived lately, having ridden post from Rome, where he was negotiating for the English King. No farther change was caused by his coming.

On the morning of the 25th the most Christian King gave the collar of his order of St. Michael to the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and went to Calais with the English King; and on the road, and on entering that town, the same compliments were paid as on entering Boulogne, every loving and honourable demonstration being made towards the French; nor was there less magnificence; games and pageants being exchanged for wild fowl and venison, and, moreover, for English ladies.⁴ Then the English King gave his most Christian Majesty a vesture (uno vestido) and six coursers, and six hobbies (chinee); and it is said, though this I do not know for certain, that he remitted and gave to the three French princes the entire debt due from their father, amounting to about 300,000 crowns. He also gave his Order of St. George to the Lord Steward and to the Admiral⁵; and finally gave, as servant to the most Christian King, his natural son, who is about 13 years old.

On the 29th the English King, accompanied by the most Christian King, went a distance of three leagues beyond Calais; there they took leave of each other with many mutual embraces and caresses.

It is reported that these two nations, which are by nature hostile to each other, exchanged greater marks of honour and goodwill than were expected.

Two days hence the most Christian King will go to Amiens, there to consult about the mission of these two Cardinals. It is said that these two Kings have agreed for the Cardinals to insist on the Pope's not leaguing with the Emperor, and should he make a fresh agreement with him, they will no longer allow the collation of the benefices of France and England to be referred to Rome, but will separate their clergy from the Roman See. (Si dice questi Rè kanno convenuto che li Cardinali insista ch'el Papa non conseguisca il vincolo con Cesare; et facendo nova, intelligentia non voter più che la erpeditione di Franca et Anglia vadino a Roma, ma divider il suo clero dalla Sede Romana). But this interview (vista) and conference have been a superfluous expenditure,—entertainments and pageants, and nothing else.

Abbeville⁶, 31st October. Registered by Sanuto, 29th November.

[Italian.]

Note 1. "Ritrovandosi tutti li Oratori quì alli 18, scrissi da Montreuil che adi 17 il Nontio Pontificio et Orator Cesareo concluseno questo atto di fame star quì apartati, e via (eon pocha consideration, et per far grande iniuria a li Principi de chi semo Oratori, li quali è sta fati venir a Montarol e Bologna), e spender, confiuandone, e a cadaun altro è sta leeito andar a vedcr i congressi."

Note 2. Philippe Chabot, Seigneur de Brion.

Note 3. Query Sir Gregory Casal. (See State Papers, vol. vii. part 5, p. 380.)

Note 4. "e non furono inferiori di splendidezza, suplendo nelli jochi spetaculi, de animali silvestri e di più dille dame Englese." See also Hall, p. 795. "I assure you he [Francis I] and his trayne, were requited at Caleis for [by?] the plentie of wylde foule, venison," etc., etc.

Note 5. Montmorency and Chabot.

Note 6. In the original "Bovilla," but see letter dated Montreuil, 17th October.

Calendars. Oct. 31 [1532]. Sanuto Diaries, v. lvii. p. 279.. 824. Summary of the Interview between the Kings of England and France.

Madam Anne (age 31) is not one of the handsomest women in the world; she is of middling stature, swarthy complexion, long neck, wide mouth, bosom not much raised, and in fact has nothing but the English King's great appetite, and her eyes, which are black and beautiful, and take great effect on those who served the Queen when she was on the throne—(et li ochj, che sono neri et belli, el che ha grande modo de l'iutertenimento di servitori avesse la Regina quando era in salute).

The most Christian King will go to a distance of two leagues from Calais to meet the King of England, and then return to dine at Marquise, and sleep at Boulogne, where they will remain Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, and then on Friday go to Calais, remaining there Saturday and Sunday.

These two Kings have a bitter feeling against the Pope and the Emperor. The English King purposes destroying the castle of Gravelines, which the Emperor built opposite Calais.

Madam Anne lives like a Queen at Calais, and the King accompanies her to mass and everywhere as if she was such.

The King's son is very handsome and accomplished.

On the 20th October the most Christian King, accompanied by the gentlemen of his household, went to mass at Notre Dame de Boulogne.

200 Imperial horse and 500 infantry have entered Gravelines; so the Emperor has shifted his quarters.

In the afternoon the King, accompanied by the princes, went to sleep at Marquise, between Boulogne and Calais; his three sons, the Legate, the Lord Chancellor, and the other Cardinals and Bishops remaining at Boulogne, he having solely Lorraine and Bayonne with him; and tomorrow the two kings will meet at the "Hospice" of St. Gilbert.

On the 21st October 1532, at the ninth hour, the most Christian King dined; at the 10th he mounted on horseback with all the princes and gentlemen who were at Marquise, and they went towards Calais, without servants: and all the gentlemen, who were in great number, were clad in velvet.

On arriving at St. Gilbert's, two leagues from Calais, the King of England came in sight, very well accompanied by princes and gentlemen. And when the two Kings met they embraced each other twice, and after exchanging a few words, again embraced closely, shedding a few tears of joy, and then reciprocally embraced the princes.

The Dauphin with his two brothers and the Legate, Bourbon, Tournon, and Grammont, were at a distance of half a league from Boulogne with the young Princes Nevers, the sons of Vendome, de Guise, and many other gentlemen, and the King's archer-guard and the Switzers. When the Kings met them, his English Majesty embraced them, and Angoulême's speech to him was graceful.

They then entered the town in a body; and in the evening the two Kings remained together before supper in pleasing discourse, after which all went to supper in their own apartments. And after supper the most Christian King went to visit the English King, and they discussed light topics (e parlono di cose piacevole) and then withdrew to their chambers. The chambers were richly furnished, and the halls also.

This morning, the 22nd, the most Christian King sent to give the English King a gown, a coat, and a doublet (una vesta, uno zamavo, e uno giupono) and the King also clad himself in like manner, and they went to a church. One went to one chapel, the other to another, both of which were very richly furnished; and the mass being ended, they joined company, and a "mottetto" was sung in his (sic) chapel, commencing with the words "Da pacem, Domine, in diebus nostris." All the Cardinals who were at the mass went together, after church, to the apartment (scalla) of the English King, where they remained half an hour in conversation, and then went to the apartment of the most Christian King, and the English King kept the Cardinal of Lorraine to dine with him; and after dinner they had a game at ball, and then gambled. The most Christian King dragged the King of England¹ to Council, where he remained about an hour, and then went to see the English King joust. They are intent on making good cheer; the Dauphin and the Lord Steward invite some of these grandees to banquet with them. The negotiations are conducted very secretly. On coming from the game of ball in the middle of the court, compliments were exchanged about accompanying each other. Having entered their chambers, the most Christian King before supper went to visit King Henry, whom he took to sup with him, and a very handsome banquet was served, after which they gambled, and the Cardinal of Lorraine lost 1,500 crowns to the Duke of Suffolk; everyone then withdrew. The Lord Steward placed the first service before the the King, and then retired to his lodging in the Castle, taking with him all the English princes and lords, to whom he gave a very grand banquet in great state.

On the 23rd, the two Kings on quitting their chambers met in the centre of the court, and after talking together awhile, proceeded to the mass, which being ended, they returned to their apartments. The most Christian King took the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk to dine with him, and the English King did the like by the Cardinal of Bourbon, Lorraine, Vendôme, St. Pol, and Guise. Even the King talked licentiously²; and they gambled for the space of two hours. After dinner the most Christian King sat in Council with the Bishop of Winchester, the Dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk, the Cardinal Legate, the Lord Steward, and the Admiral; the Cardinals Grammont, Tournon, and Bayonne were in the hall but did not enter, and departed³. They remained together for an hour, and then the most Christian King came to the English King to the joust. The aforesaid again sat in Council, remaining thus for about two hours, the only persons present besides themselves being Vilander (sic) and an English secretary. The joust being ended, the two Kings went into his most Christian Majesty's chamber and had a long conversation at a window, and it was known to be of importance.

This evening the Cardinal of Lorraine gave a banquet to the English Princes. The English King gave his most Christian Majesty 13 very handsome horses of his country, and received others from King Francis.

A roll is being made of the persons who are to go to Calais.

The affairs here are conducted very secretly, nor can one hear anything.

It is understood that the Queen of France demands her share in the government of Flanders⁴.

It is said that the marriage of Madam Anne (age 31) will be solemnized on Sunday, and that Bayonne will sing the mass.

During the last two days the most Christian King has been in a great passion, owing to letters received from Rome, purporting that he has been the cause of the Turkish invasion, and the Pope allows sermons to be preached in Rome publicly to this effect.

On the 25th the Legate went to the King, as did also the other Cardinals. Afterwards, the two Kings being in riding gear, and with the order [of St. Michael] round their necks, [the most Christian King] gave it with very great ceremony to Suffolk and Norfolk.

After dinner the two Kings mounted on horseback on their way to Calais, accompanied by his most Christian Majesty's three sons; and the Cardinals Tournon and Grammont are being sent to Rome, for the purpose, it is said, of obtaining the tenths and annats of benefices in the same manner as conceded to the Emperor.

The marriage of Madam Anne (age 31) is announced by balls⁵, banquets, and masquings, but the people of England will not allow it to take place.

The King's sons remained [at Boulogne ?]; the Lord Steward went to . . .

I write nothing about the doings at Calais, but nothing was thought of but good cheer, balls, and masquings; and very great honour was paid to the most Christian King; and some Frenchmen were made Knights of the Garter.

The son of the English King is very handsome and accomplished; he came to France, and the son of the Duke of Norfolk is also coming.

The King of England has arranged to fortify Guisnes and other places distant 2½ leagues from Calais.

Boulogne ? 31st October. Registered by Sanuto 7th December.

[Italian.]

Note 1. "Il Rè Xmo il tiro in consilio dove stetey" etc.

Note 2. "Fino il Rè intrò in ragionamento di lussã" (sic) (lussuria?).

Note 3. "II Re Xmo poi disnar intrò in consilio con Monsignor di Vicestre, duca di Sopholch e di Norpholch, il Legato Cardinal Gran Metre et Admirante, li Cardinali Agrarnonte et Tornon et Bajona, erano in la salla e non introrono e se partirono."

Note 4. "La Regina di Franz a se intende dimanda il suo partagio delle coae di Fiandra." Eleanor of Austria, Queen of France, sister of Charles V., probably claimed part of the property left by her aunt Margaret, Governess of the Low Countries, who died at Mechlin on the 1st of December 1530; or it may mean "her share in the government of Flanders."

Note 5. S'è messo in balli etc.

Letters and Papers 1533. 23 Feb 1533. Vienna Archives. 180. Chapuys to Charles V.

As the Queen sees that the obstinacy of the King increases daily, and the appearances of disorder in view of the new marriage, she is compelled to employ your aid. Since my last of the 15th, the King does not cease to press the archbishops of Canterbury and York, the bishops of London, Winchester, and Lincoln, and many others, Italians as well as English, to subscribe a document he has drawn up to his taste, of a very strange nature, as you will see. The archbishop of York and the bishop of Winchester have not yet agreed to do so. The elect of Canterbury (age 43) has made no difficulty about it, and has even solicited it, as if it were his own business; and if it be true, as I am told today on good authority, that he has gone to give the Queen special notice of it, he has given good earnest of maintaining the opinion of the King in this divorce without variation. He has married (esposé) the King to the Lady (age 32), in presence of the father (age 56), mother (age 53), brother (age 30), and two of her favorites, and one of his priests. If it be so, the King has taken the best means of preventing him from changing his opinions when raised to his dignity, as the archbishop of York has done. It is very probable either that the said elect has solemnised these espousals, or has promised to do so for certain considerations, as I have written to your Majesty, especially as since he has been elected he has dared to say openly that he would maintain, on pain of being burned, that the King might take the Lady to wife. The bruit continues, that in order to accomplish the said marriage the King waits for nothing else except the bulls of the elect; and for this purpose he has commanded those who have the charge of it to summon a provincial synod for the 16th. It is said that the King means to demand money for a war with Scotland, and to make harbours on the coast; and the better to colour the matter, the king of France has sent him a master architect. The French ambassador had intended to visit me, but was prevented by company, and proposes to do so tomorrow. It is said that Melanchthon is in one of the King's lodgings, and has been there for eight days, but it is kept such a secret that I can find no one who knows the certainty of it. The King has written for him expressly, I think merely for the Queen's affair, for he favors her, and because he pretends and wishes to have in his hands all ecclesiastical ordinances,—not only the synodical ones of this kingdom, but the papal as well. And in order the better to conduct the affair, last year he induced the prelates, by menaces and devices, to submit to whatever should be decided by 40 persons, of whom one half should be appointed by himself, and the other by the prelates, and himself above all. For this reformation, or rather deformation, it seems he could find no fitter instrument than Melanchthon, so as to give the utmost possible trouble to the Pope, that his previous boasts might not be without effect.

Calendars. 15 Apr 1533. 1061. Eustace Chapuys (age 43) to the Emperor (age 33).

On Wednesday the said Duke (age 60), and the others of whom I wrote to Your Majesty in my last despatch, called upon the Queen (age 47) and delivered their message, which was in substance as follows: "She was to renounce her title of Queen, and allow her case to be decided here, in England. If she did, she would confer a great boon on the kingdom and prevent much effusion of blood, and besides the King (age 41) would treat her in future much better than she could possibly expect." Perceiving that there was no chance of the Queen's (age 47) agreeing to such terms, the deputies further told her that they came in the King's name to inform her that resistance was useless (quelle se rompist plus la teste), since his marriage with the other Lady had been effected more than two months ago in the presence of several persons, without any one of them having been summoned for that purpose. Upon which, with much bowing and ceremony, and many excuses for having in obedience to the king's commands fulfilled so disagreeable a duty, the deputies withdrew. After whose departure the lord Mountjoy (age 55), the Queen's (age 47) chamberlain, came to notify to her the King's intention that in future she should not be called Queen, and that from one month after Easter the King (age 41) would no longer provide for her personal expenses or the wages of her servants. He intended her to retire to some private house of her own, and there live on the small allowance assigned to her, and which, I am told, will scarcely be sufficient to cover the expenses of her household for the first quarter of next year. The Queen (age 47) resolutely said that as long as she lived she would entitle herself Queen; as to keeping house herself, she cared not to begin that duty so late in life. If the King (age 41) thought that her expenses were too great, he might, if he chose, take her own personal property and place her wherever he chose, with a confessor, a physician, an apothecary, and two maids for the service of her chamber; if that even seemed too much to ask, and there was nothing left for her and her servants to live upon, she would willingly go about the world begging alms for the love of God.

Though the King (age 41) is by nature kind and generously inclined, this Anne has so perverted him that he does not seem the same man. It is, therefore, to be feared that unless Your Majesty applies a prompt remedy to this evil, the Lady (age 32) will not relent in her persecution until she actually finishes with Queen Catharine (age 47), as she did once with cardinal Wolsey, whom she did not hate half as much. The Queen (age 47), however, is not afraid for herself; what she cares most for is the Princess (age 17).

Hall's Chronicle 1533. The Receiving and Conveying of the Queen through London.

To the intent that the horses should not slide on the Pavement, nor that the people should not be hurted by horses, the high streets where the Queen should passe were all gravelled from the Tower to Temple Bar and railed on the one side, within which rails stood the crafts along in their order from Gracechurch where the merchants of the Steelyard stood till the little conduit in Chepe where the Aldermen stood, and on the other side of the street stood the Constables of the city apparelled in velvet and silk with great staves in their hands to cause the people to keep room and good order. And when the streets were somewhat ordered, the Mayor clothed in a gown of crimson Velvet and a riche collar of Esses with two footmen clad in white and red damask rode to the Tower to give his attendance on the Queen, on whom the Sheriffs with their officers did wait till they came to Tower hill, where they taking their leave rode down the high streets commanding the Constables to see room and good order kept, and so went and stood by the Aldermen in Chepe. And before the Queen and her train should come, Cornhill and Gracious Street were hanged with fine Scarlet, Crimson and other grayned [ie dyed] clothes, and in some place with rich Arras, Tapestry and Carpets, and the most part of the Chepe was hanged with cloth of Tissue, Gold, Velvet and many rich hangings which made a goodly show, and all the windows were replenished with ladies and gentlewomen to behold the Queen and her train as they should pass by. The first of the Queen's company that set forward were twelve Frenchmen which were belonging to the French Ambassador clothed in coats of blue velvet with sleeves of yellow and blue velvet and their horses trapped with close trappers of blue sarcenet powdered with white crosses: after them marched gentlemen, squires, knightes two and two. After them the judges, and after them the Knights of the Bath in violet gowns with hoods purfeled with miniver like doctors, after them Abbots, then Barons, after them bishops, then Earles and Marquesses, then the Lorde Chancellor of England, after him the archbishop of York and the ambassador of Venice, after him the archbishop of Canterbury and the ambassador of France, after rode two squires of honour with robes of estate rolled and worn baudrike wise about their necks with caps of estate representing the Dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine, after them rode the Mayor of London with his Mace and Garter in his coat of arms, which Mayor bore his Mace to Westminster Hall, after them rode the Lord William Howard with the Marshal's Rod deputy to his brother the Duke of Norfolk Marshall of England which was ambassador then in France: and on his right hand rode Charles Duke of Suffolk for that day High Constable of England bearing the verder of silver appertaining to the office of Constableship, and all the Lords for the most part were clothed in crimson velvet, and all the Queen’s servants or officers of arms in scarlet. Next before the Queen rode her Chancellor bareheaded, the Sergeants and Officers of Armes rode on both the sides of the Lords. Then came the Queen in a litter of white cloth of gold not covered nor bayled which was led by two palfreys clad in white damask down to the ground head and all, led by her footmen. She had on a circot of white cloth of tissue and a mantle of the same furred with ermine, her hair hanged down, but on her head she had a coif with a circlet about it full of riche stones. Over her was borne a canopy of cloth of gold with four gilt staves and four silver belles. For bearing of which canopy were appointed sixteen knights, four to bear it one space on foot and other four another space according to their own appointment. Next after the Queen rode the Lord Borough her Chamberlain, next after him William Coffyn Master of the Horses leading a spare horse with a side saddle trapped down clothe of tissue : after him rode seven ladies in crimson velvet turned up with cloth of gold and of tissue and their horses trapped with cloth of gold, after them two chariots covered with red cloth of gold. In the first chariot was two ladies which were old Duchess of Norfolk (age 54) and the old Marchioness of Dorset (age 44). In the second chariot were four ladies all in crimson velvet. After them rode seven ladies in the same suite their horses trappers and all, after them came the third Chariot all white with six ladies in crimson velvet, next after them came the fourth chariot all red with eight ladies also in crimson velvet, after who followed thirty gentlewomen all in velvet and silk in the livery of their ladies on whom they gave their attendance. After them followed the guard in coats of Goldsmith’s work, in which order they rode forth till they came to Fenchurch, where was made a pageant all with children apparelled like merchants which welcomed her to the City with two proper prepositions both in French and English, and from thence she rode to Gracious church corner, where was a costly and a marvellous cunning pageant made by the merchants of the Steelyard, for there was the Mount Parnassus with the fountain of Helicon, which was of white Marble and four streams without pipe did rise an ell high and meet together in a little cup about the fountain, which fountain ran abundantly racked Rhenish wine until night. On the mountain sat Appollo and at his feet sat Calliope, and on every side of the mountain sat four Muses playing on several sweet instruments, and at their feet Epigrammes and Poeses were written in golden letters, in the which every Muse according to her property praised the Queen: so from thence she passed to Leaden Hall where was a goodly pageant with a type and a heavenly roof [?], and under the type was a rote of gold set on a little mountain environed with red roses and white, out of the type came down a Falcon all white and sate upon the rote, and incontinent came down an Angel with great melody and set a close-crown of gold on the Falcon’s head, and in the same pageant sat Saint Ann with all her issue beneath her, and under Mari Cleoph sat her four children, of the which children one made a goodly Oration to the Queen of the fruitfulness of Saint Anne and of her generation, trusting that like fruit should come of her. Then she passed to the conduit in Cornhill where were three graces set in a throne, afore who was the spring of grace continually running wine. Afore the fountain sat a Poet declaring the properties of every grace, and that done every lady by herself according to her property gave to the Queen a several gift of grace. That done she passed by the great conduit in Chepe which was newly painted with armes of devises: out of the which conduit by a goodly fountain set up the one end ran continually wine both white and claret all that afternoon, and so she rode to the Standard which was richly painted with images of Kings and Queens and hanged with banners of arms, and in the top was miraculous sweet harmony both of song and instrument. Then she went forward to the crosse which was newly gilt, until she came where the Aldermen stood, and then Master Baker the Recorder came to her with low reverence making a proper and brief proposition and gave to her in the name of the City a thousand marks in gold in a Purse of gold, which she thankfully accepted with many goodly words, and so rode to the little conduit where was a riche pageant full of melody and song, in which pageant was Pallas, Juno and Venus, and before them stood Mercury which in the name of the three goddesses gave to her a ball of gold divided in three, signifying three gifts the which three Goddesses gave to her, that is to say, wisdom, riches and felicity. As she entered into Paul’s gate there was a pretty pageant in which sat three ladies richly clothed, and in a circle on their head was written Regina Anna prospers procede et regna [May Queen Anne prosper and reign]. The Lady in the middle had a Tablet in the which was written Veni arnica coronaberis [Come, you will be crowned with gold], And under the tablet sat an Angel with a close crown, and the lady sitting on the right hand had a Tablet of silver in which was written Domine directe gressus meos [Lord direct my steps], and the third lady had a Tablet of gold with letters Asure written, confido in domine [I trust in the Lord], and under their feet was written, Anna Reginan ominum Regis de sanguine natum, cum paries populis aurea secla tuis [? Anna Queen of the names of the King born of blood, when you wall the peoples of your golden age]. And these ladies cast down wafers, on the which the two verses were written. From thence she passed to the East end of Paul’s Churchyard against the school, where stood on a scaffold two hundred children well apparelled, which said to her diverse goodly verses of poets translated into English, to the honour of the King and her, which she highly commended. And when she came to Ludgate, the gate was newly garnished with gold and byse. And on the leads of Saint Martin’s Church stood a goodly choir of singing men and children which sang new ballads made in praise of her. After that she was passed Ludgate she preceded toward Fleet Street where the Conduit was newly painted, and all the arms and angels refreshed, and the chime melodiously sounding. Upon the Conduit was made a town with four turrets, and in every turret stood one of the cardinal virtues with their tokens and properties, which had several speeches, promising the Queen never to leave her, but to be aiding and comforting her. And in the midst of the tower closely was such several solemn instruments, that it seemed to be an heavenly noise, and was much regarded and praised: and beside this the said Conduit ran wine Claret and Red all the afternoon. So she with all her company and the Mayor rode forth to Temple Bar, which was newly painted and repaired, where stood also divers singing men and children, until she came to Westminster Hall, which was richly hanged with clothe of Arras and new glazed. And in the midst of the hall she was taken out of her litter, and so led up to the high dais under the clothe of estate, on whose left hand was a cupboard of ten stages marvellous rich and beautiful to behold, and within a little season was brought to the Queen with a solemn service in great standing spice plates, a void of spice and subtleties with Hippocras and other wines, which she sent down to her ladies, and when the ladies, had drunk she gave hearty thanks to the Lordes and Ladies, and to the Mayor and other that had given their attendance on her, and so withdrew herself with a few ladies to the Whitehall and so to her chamber, and there shifted her, and after went into her barge secretly to the King to his Manor of Westminster where she rested that night.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 25 May 1532. Knyghtes made at Grenwyche the sonday before Whytsonday.

And the sondaye before this tryumphe beyng the xxv daye of Maye the Kynge made at his maner of Grenwyche all these Knyghtes.

Syr Christofer Danby

Syr Christofer Hylarde

Syr Brian Hastynges.

Syr Thomas Butteller.

Syr Willyam Walgrave.

Syr Wyllyam Feldeyng.

Syr Thomas Methven.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 29 May 1532. First the twenty-ninth daye of Maye beynge thursday all the worshypfull craftes¹ and occupacyons in their best araye goodly besene toke theyr bargs which were splayed² with goodly baners fresshe and newe with the cognysaunce and armes of theyr faculty to the nombre of fifty great barges comly besene and euery barge hauynge mynstrels makynge greate and sweete armony. Also there was the bachelers barge comly besene decked with innumerable baners and all about hangyd with ryche cloth of golde foystes ³waytynge her upon decked with a great shotte of ordynaunce whiche descended the ryuer afore all the barges and the bachelers barge formestt and so folowynge in good araye and ordre euery crafte in theyr degree and ordre tyll they came to Greenwyche and there taryed abydynge the quenes grace which was a wonderfull goodly syght to beholde. Than at thre of the clocke the quenes grace cam to her barge and incontynent⁴ all the cytezins with that goodly company set forth towards London in good arraye as before is sayd. And to wryte what nombre of gon shot what with chambres and great peces of ordynaunce were shotte as she passed by in dyuers places it passeth my memory to wryte or to tell the nombre of them and specially at Ratly and at lyme house out of certeyne shyppes. And so the quenes grace in her ryche barge amonge her nobles the cytezyns accompanyed her to London unto the toure wharfe. Also or she came nere the toure there was shot innumerable peces of ordynaunce as euer was there by any mennes remembraunces where the Kyng receyued her grace with a noble louyng countenaunce and so gaue great thankes and prayse to all the cytezyns for theyr great kyndnesse and louynge labour and paynes in that behalfe taken to the greate ioye and comforte of all the citezyns. Also to beholde the wonderfull nombre of people that euer was seen that stode on the shore on bothe sydes of the ryuer was neuer in one syght out of the cyte of London sene what in goodly lodgynges and houses that be on the ryuer syde bytwene Grenwyche and London it passeth al mennes iudgementes to csteme the infinyte nombre of them. Wherein her grace with al her ladyes reioysed moche.

Note 1. City companies.

Note 2. Displayed.

Note 3. Swift ships.

Note 4. immediately.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 30 May 1532. The fryday made Knyghtes of the Bathe xix whose names foloweth.

Also on fryday the thirteth day of Maye the Kynge treated and made in the towre of London, nineteen noble men Knyghtes of the bathe whose names folowe.

The lorde Marques Dorset (age 15).

The erle of Derby (age 23).

The lorde Clyfforde (age 15) sone aud heyre to therle of Cumberlande (age 39).

The lorde Fitzwater sone and heyre to therle of Sussex.

The lorde Hastynges sone and heyre to therle of Huntyngton.

The Lorde Barkelay.

The lorde Mountagle.

The lorde Vaux.

Syr Henry Parker sone and heyre to the lorde Morley.

Syr Wyllyam Wyndsour sone and heyre to the lorde Wyndesour.

Syr John Mordant sone and heyre to the lorde Mordant.

Syr Fraunces Weston.

Syr Thomas Aroundell.

Syr Johan Hudelston.

Syr Thomas Ponynges.

Syr Henry Sauell.

Syr George Fitz Wyllyam of Lyncolne shire.

Syr Johan Tyndall.

Syr Thomas Jermey.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 31 May 1532. Also the Saturday the last daye of May the Kyngc made Knyghtes of the swerde in the towre of London whose names folowe.

Syr Wyllyam Drury.

Syr John Gernyngham.

Syr Thomas Rusche.

Syr Randolfe Buerton.

Syr George Caluerly.

Syr Edwarde Fytton.

Syr George Conyers.

Syr Robert Nedham.

Syr Johan Chaworth.

Syr George Gresley.

Syr Johan Constable.

Syr Thomas Umpton.

Syr John Horsley.

Syr Richarde Lygon.

Syr Johan Saintclere.

Syr Edwarde Maidison.

Syr Henry Feryngton.

Syr Marmaduc Tustall.

Syr Thomas Halsall.

Syr Robert Thyrkham.

Sir [sic] Anthony Wyndsour.

Syr Water Hubbert.

Syr Johan Wyllongby.

Syr Thomas Thytson.

Sir Thomas Mysseden.

Sir Thomas Fouleshurst.

Sir Henry Delues.

Sir Peter Warburton.

Sir Rycharde Bulkelley.

Sir Thomas Lakyng.

Sir Henry Lakyng.

Sir Water Smythe.

Sir Henry Eueringham.

Sir Willyam Unedall.

Sir Tho. Massyngberd.

Sir Willyam Sandon.

Sir James Baskeruille.

Sir Edmonde Trafforde.

Sir Arthur Eyre.

Sir Henry Sutton.

Sir Johan Nories.

Sir Willyam Malorie.

Sir Johan Harcourt.

Sir Johan Tyrell.

Sir Willyam Browne.

Sir Nycolas Sturley.

Sir Randolfe Manering.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 01 Jun 1532. Also all the pavements of the cyte from Charyncrosse to the towre was ouer couerde and caste with grauell. And the same Saturday beyng Whytson euen the mayre with all the aldermen and the craftes of the cyte prepared aray in a good order to stande and receyue her and with rayles for euery crafte to stande and leane from prease of people. The mayre mette the quenes grace at her comyng forthe of ye towre and all his bretherne and aldermen standyng in chepe. And upon the same Saturday the quene came forth from the towre towarde Westmynster in goodly aray as here after foloweth. She passed the stretes first with certayne straungers then horses trapped with blewe sylke and them selves in blewe veluet with white fethers acompanyed two and two. Lykewise squiers knights barons and baronetts knightes of the bath clothed in vyolet garmentes edged with armyns lyke iuges. Than folowyng the juges of the lawe and abbottes. All these estats were to the nombre of two hundred cople with more two and two accompanyed. And than folowed bysshops two and two: and tharch bysshops of Yorke and Caterbury the ambassaders of Fraunce and Venyce the lorde mayre with a mace mayster garter the kyng of heraudes and the kings cote armour upon him with the offycers of armes apoyntyng euery estate in their degre. Than folowed two aunciente knights with olde fassion hattes poudred on their heedes disgysed who dyd represent the duke of Normandy and of Guyen after an olde custome: the lorde constable of Englande for the tyme beyng the duke of Suffolke the lorde Willyam Hawarde the deputie for the tyme to the lorde marshall duke of Norfolke. Than folowed the qucnes grace in her lytter costly and rychly besene with a ryche canape ouer her which bare the lordes of the fyue portes : after her folowyng the mayster of her horse with a whyte spare palfray ledde in his hande rychly apoynted. Than folowed her noble ladyes of estate rychly clothed in crymosyn poudred with armyns to the nobre of twelve. Than the mayster of the garde with the garde on both sydes of the strets in good aray and all the constables well besene in veluet and damaske cotes with whyte stanes in their handes settynge euery man in araye and orner in the stretes untyll she came to Westminster. Than folowed four ryche charyottes with ladyes of honour after than folowed thirty ladyes and gentylwomen r(ich)ly¹ garnysshcd and so the seruyng men after them. And a(s)² t she was departed from ye towne a meruaylous great shot of gonnes was there fyred and shot. So this moste noble company passed till her grace came to fanchurch where was a pagent fayre and semly with certayne chyldren which saluted her grace with great honour and prayse after a goodly fassyon : and so passed forthe to Grase churche where was a ryght costly pagent of Apollo with the nyne muses amonge the mountaynes syttyng on the mount of Pernasus and euery of them hauynge theyr instruments and apparayle acordyng to the descryption of poets and namely of Uirgyll with many goodly verses to her great prayse and honour. And so she passed forth through gracyous³ strete unto leaden hall where was buylded a sumptuous and a costly pagent in maner of a castell wherein was fasshyoned an heuenly roufe and under it vpon a grene was a roote or a stocke whereout spronge a multytude of whyte roses and reed curyously wrought so from the heuenly roufe descended a whyte faucon and lighted upon the said stocke and roote and incontynent descended an angell with goodly armony hauynge a close crowne bytwene his handes and set it on the faucons heed : and on the said flour sate saynt Anne in the hyest place on that one syde her progeny with scripture that is to wete the thre Marys with theyr issue that is to vnderstande : Mary the mother of Christ Mary Solome the mother⁴ of Zebedee with the two chyldren of them also Mary Cleophe with her husbande Alphee with their four chyldren on the other syde with other poetycall verses sayd and songe with a balade in englisshe to her great prayse (and)⁵ honour and to al her progeny also. And so she passed (for)th⁵ from thence through cornehill and at the condyt was a sumptuous pagent of the thre graces : and at the comynge of the quenes grace a poete declared the nature of all those thre ladyes and gave hye prayses vnto the quene. And after his preamble fynysshed every lady partyculer spake great honour and hye prayse of the quenes grace : And so she passed forth with all her nobles tyll she came in chepe and at the great condyt was made a costly fountayne whereout ranne whyte wyne claret and reed great plenty all that after noone : and ther was great melody with speches. And so passed forthe through chepe to the standarde whiche was costly and sumptuously garnisshed with gold and asure with armes and stories wher was great armony and melody : and so passed she forth by the crosse in chepe whiche was newe garnisshed and so through chepe towarde the lesser condyt. And in the mydwaye bytwene the recorder of London receyved her afore the Aldermen with great reuerence and honour salutynge her grace with a louyng and humble preposycion presentynge her grace with a ryche and costly purse of golde and in it a thousande marke in golde coyne gyuen vnto her as a free gyfte of honour : to whom she gaue great thankes bothe with herte and mynde. And so her grace passed a lytell further and at the lesser condyt was a costly and a ryche pagent where as was goodly armonye of musyke and other mynstrels with syngyng : And within that pagent was fyue costly seates wherin was set these fyue personages that is to wete Juno Pallas Mercury and Venus and Parys hauyng a ball of golde presentyng it to her grace with certayne verses of great honour and chyldren syngyng a balade to her grace and prayse to all her ladyes and so passed forth to Poules gate where was a proper and a sumptuous pagent that is to wete ther sat three fayre ladyes virgyns costly arayde with a fayre rounde trone ouer their heedes where aboute was written this. Regina Anna prospere precede et regna that is in englysshe Quene Anne prospere precede and reygne. The lady that sate in the myddes hauynge a table of golde in her hande wrytten with letters of asure. Ueni arnica coronaberis. Come my loue thou shallbe crowned. And two aungels hauyng a close crowne of golde bytwene their handes. And the lady on the ryght hande had a table of syluer wherein was writte. Domine dirige gressos meos. Lorde god dyrecte my wayes. The other on the lyfte hande had in another table of syluer written thus. Confide in domino. Trust in god. And vnder theyr fete was a longe rol wherin was written this. Regina Anna nouum regis de sanguine natum cum paries populis aurea secla tuis. Quene Anne whan you shalte beare a newe sone of the kynges bloode there shalbe a golden worlde vnto thy people. And so the ladyes caste ouer her heede a multytude of wafers with rose leaues and about the wafers were written with letters of gold this posay⁶. And so her grace passed forth into Poules chyrchyarde and at the eest ende of the chyrch agaynst the schole was a great scaffblde whereon stode the nombre of two hundred chyldren well befene who receyued with poetes verses to her noble honour whan they had fynisshed she sayd Amen with ioyful smylyng countenaunce and so passed forth thrugh the longe chyrchyarde and so to Ludgate whiche was costly and sumptuously garnysshed with golde colours and asure with swete armony of ballades to her greate prayse and honour with dyuerse swete instrumentes. And thus her grace came thorowe the cyte with great honour and royaltye and passed thorowe Flete strete tyll she came to the Standarde and condyth where was made a fayre toure with foure tourrettes with fanes there within great plenty of swete instrumentes with chyldren syngyng the standarde of mason warke costly made with ymages and aungels costly gylted with golde and asure with other colours and dyuerse fortes of armes costly set out shall there contynue and remayne and within the standarde a vyce with a chyme. Also there ranne out of certayne small pypes great plenty of wyne all that afternoone. And so her grace passed through the cyte to temple barre and so to Charyng crosse and so thorowe Westmynster into Westmynster hall where that was well and rychly hanged with cloth of Arras with a meruaylous ryche cupborde of plate and there was a voyde⁷ of spyce plates and wyne. And that done the quenes grace withdrewe her in to the whyte hall for that nyght and so to Yorke place by water.

Note 1. In the original copy, in the British Museum, the corner is torn off after the letter "r" but the three missing letters are of course "ich."

Note 2. The missing letter is as evidently "s."

Note 3. Gracechurch Street.

Note 4. Wife.

Note 5. Torn away.

Note 6. The posy is not given in the original.

Note 7. Collation.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 08 Jun 1532. Also the sonday after Whytsonday beyng trynyte sonday and the eighth daye of June was made at Grenewyche these knyghtes followynge.

Sir Johan Dawne

Sir Richarde Haughton.

Sir Thomas Langton.

Sir Edwarde Bowton.

Sir Henry Capell.

Sir Christofer Cowen.

Sir Geffray Mydelton.

Sir Hugh Treuyneon.

Sir George West.

Sir Clement Herleston.

Sir Humfrey Feryes.

Letters and Papers 1533. 28 Apr 1533. Egerton MS. 985, f. 57 b. B. M. Add. MS. 6,113, f. 33 b. B. M. 396. Queen Anne Boleyn (age 32).

"For the Quenes coronacion."

[To appoint the day for the coronation, and to prepare all things for the same.] Letters from the King to be sent to the nobles, lords, knights, ladies, and others to attend; and to those who will be created knights of the Bath, [whose names Garter is to have]. Commissions to be made for the Great Steward and Constable. The day when the Steward shall sit in the White Hall. All noble men who hold land by service royal to bring in their claims. The mayor, aldermen, commoners, and crafts of London are to meet the Queen before she comes to the Tower. The King will meet her at the Tower. A kirtle and mantle of cloth of gold furred with ermines. A lace of silk and gold with tassels for the mantle. A circlet of gold garnished with precious stones. A litter of timber covered with cloth of gold. Down pillows covered with cloth of gold, for the litter.

A lady [appointed by name] to bear her train. The mayor, aldermen, and crafts of London are to do their service accustomed, and the streets between the Tower and Westminster are to be garnished with tapestry, arras, silk, &c., [and the banners, standard, and pennons of crafts to be ready to garnish the barges and stand where the wardens be of each occupation.]

Memorandum.—The Lords, the High Steward, Constable of England, Garter, the Mayor of London, and the two squires of honor to be in crimson velvet and "beket" (fn. 4) hats. The tipstaves of the marshals in their liveries, to avoid the press of people. A canopy of gold with valance to be borne by 16 knights. [Two esquires of honor to be appointed to represent the dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine.] A horse of estate, saddled, [to be led by the Master of the Queen's horse]. Six henchmen on palfreys harnessed with cloth of gold. Two chairs covered with cloth of gold, and ladies of the highest estate to sit in them, clothed in crimson velvet. Six ladies on palfreys with saddles and harness like those of the henchmen. Two other chairs richly garnished for the Queen's ladies. A great number of ladies and gentlewomen on palfreys dressed according to their estates. A void to be prepared for the Queen at Westminster. A kirtle and mantle of purple velvet furred with ermines, with a lace, &c., for the day of the coronation. A circlet. A cloth of estate in Westminster Hall. The procession. A ray cloth [to go from the Hall to Westminster]. A canopy borne by the barons of the Cinque Ports. Two bishops to go every side of the Queen. The verge of ivory [to be borne]. The sceptre. A rich crown of gold. Liveries to be given according to the precedents of the Wardrobe. The archbishop of Canterbury to do as appertaineth. The seat royal or pulpit to be dressed with cloth of gold and cushions. The Queen to be howseled, and after to have a secret refection [of such meat as she likes best]. A stage to be made, latticed and covered with rich cloths, for the King and others to see the solemnity. [The mayor, aldermen, and commoners of London, with their crafts, to meet the Queen before she comes to the Tower. The King to meet her, and welcome her at the Tower.] The service to the Queen at dinner, and the ordering of the hall, to be committed to those who have authority. A stage in Westminster Hall for minstrels and trumpets. The kings of arms, heralds, [and pursuivants] to keep their accustomed stage at the right end of the table, [and to have a cloth on the table with proper service.] The Treasurer and Comptroller to go on foot, and the three high estates [Constable, Marshal, and Steward], on horseback, [their horses trapped.] A stage on the left side of the Hall latticed and garnished for the King. The surnap, and who shall draw it; [the marshal to be named.] The void after. [The Mayor to bear the cup of gold.] Jousts and tourneys. [To appoint the number of challengers and defenders for the jousts, to go before the Queen from the Tower to Westminster Hall on their steryng horses, garnished with bells and devices.] The Lord Steward, Treasurer, and Comptroller must give warning overnight to those who shall do any service.

Two copies; pp. 3 each.

Hall's Chronicle 1533. 19 May 1533. The coming by water from Greenwich the Thursday.

The ninetteeth day of May the Mayor and his brethren all in Scarlet, and such as were knights had collars of Esses and the remnant having good chains, and the counsel of the city with them assembled at saint Mary Hill, and at one of the clock descended to the New Stair to their barge, which was garnished with many goodly banners and streamers, and richly covered. In which barge were Shalmes, Shagbushes and diverse other instruments, which continually made goodly harmony. After that the Mayor and his brethren were in their barge seeing that all the companies to the number of fifty barges were ready to wait upon them. They gave commandment to the companies that no barge should row nearer to another then twice the length of the barge upon a great pain. And to see the order kept, there were three light wherys prepared, and in every one of them two officers to call on them to keep their order, after which commandment given they set forth in order as hereafter is described.

First before the Mayors barge was a Foyst or Wafter full of ordinance, in which Foyst was a great Dragon continually moving, and casting wildfire, and round about the said Foyst stood terrible monsters and wild men casting fire and making hideous noises: Next after the Foyst a good distance came the Mayors barge, on whose right hand was the Batchelors barge, in the which were trumpets and diverse other melodious instruments. The decks of the said barge and the sailyards and the top castles were hanged with rich cloth of gold and silk. At the foreship and the Stern were two great banners rich beaten with the arms of the king and the queen, and on the top castle also was a long streamer newly beaten with the said arms. The sides of the barge were set full of Flags and banners of the devises of the company of Haberdashers and merchant adventurers, and the cords were hanged with innumerable pensels having little bells at the ends which made a goodly noise and a goodly sight wavering in the wind. On the outside of the barge were three dozen Escutcheons in metal of arms of the king and the Queen which were beaten upon square bucram divided so that the right side had the King's colours, and the left side the Queen's, which Escutcheons were fastened on the clothes of gold and silver hanging on the decks on the left hand. On the left hand of the Mayor was another Foyst, in the which was a mount and on the same stood a white Falcon crowned upon a rote of gold environed with white roses and red, which was the Queens devise: about which mount sat virgins singing and playing sweetly. Next after the Mayor followed his fellowship the Haberdashers. Next after them the Mercers, then the Grocers, and so every company in his order, and last of all the Mayors and sheriff's officers, every company having melody in his barge by himself, and goodly garnished with banners and some garnished with silk and some with Arras and rich carpets, which was a goodly sight to behold, and in this order they rowed to Greenwich to the point next beyond Greenwich, and there they turned backward in another order, that is to wete, the Mayor and Sheriff's officers first, and the meanest craft next, and so ascending to the uttermost crafts in order and the Maior last as they go to Paul's at Christmas, and in that order they rowed downward to Greenwich town and there cast anchor making great melody. At three of the clock the Queen appeared in rich cloth of gold and entered into her barge accompanied with diverse ladies and gentlewomen, and incontinent the Citizens set forwards in their order, their minstrels continually playing, and the Batchelors barge going on the queen's right hand which she took great pleasure to behold. About the Queen's barge were many noble men, as the duke of Suffolk, the Marques Dorset, the Erie of Wiltshire, her father, the Earls of Arundel, Derby, Rutland, Worcester, Huntingdon, Sussex, Oxford, and many bishops and noblemen every one in his barge, which was a goodly sight to behold. She thus being accompanied rowed toward the Tower, and in the mean way the shippes which were commanded to lie on the shore for letting of the barges shot diverse peals of guns, and or she landed there was a marvellous shot out of the Tower as ever was heard there. And at her landing there met with her the Lord Chamberlain with the officers of arms and brought her to the King, which received her with loving countenance at the Posterne by the water side and kissed her, and then she turned back again and thanked the Mayor and the citizens with many goodly words, and so entered into the Tower. After which entry the citizens all this while housed before the Tower making great melody and went not aland, for none were assigned to land but the Mayor, the Recorder and two Aldermen. But for to speak of the people that stood on every shore to behold the sight, he that saw it not would not believe it.

Hall's Chronicle 1533. 20 May 1533. On Friday at dinner served the King all such as were appointed by his highness to be Knights of the Bath, which after dinner were brought to their chambers, and that night were bathed and shriven according to the old usage of England, and the next day in the morning the King dubbed them according to the ceremonies thereto belonging whose names ensueth.

The Marques Dorset.

The Earl of Darby.

The Lord Clifford.

The Lord Fitzwater.

The Lord Hastings.

The Lord Mounteagle.

Sir John Mordaunt.

The Lord Vaux.

Sir Henry Parker.

Sir William Windsor.

Sir Francis Weston.

Sir Thomas Arundel.

Sir John Hulstone.

Sir Thomas Poynings.

Sir Henry Saville.

Sir George Fitzwilliam.

Sir John Tindall.

Sir Thomas Jermey.

Letters and Papers 1533. 31 May 1533. MS. L. f. 1. Coll. of Arms. 563. Anne Boleyn (age 32).

On Thursday, 29 May 1533, 25 Hen. VIII., the lady Anne marchioness of Pembroke (age 32) was received at Greenwich, and conveyed to the Tower of London, and thence to Westminster, where she was crowned queen of England.

Order was taken by the King and his Council for all the Lords spiritual and temporal to be in the barge before Greenwich at 3 p.m., and give their attendance till the Queen took her barge. The mayor of London, Stephen Pecocke, haberdasher, had 48 barges in attendance richly decked with arras, hung with banners and with pennons of the arms of the crafts in fine gold, and having in them trumpets, shallands, and minstrels; also every barge decked with ordnance of guns, "the won to heill the other troumfettly as the tyme dyd require." Also there was the bachelor's barge sumptuously decked, and divers foists with great shot of ordnance, which went before all the barges. Order given that when her Grace's barge came "anontes" Wapping mills, knowledge should be given to the Tower to begin to shoot their ordnance. Commandment given to Sir Will. Vinstonne (Kingston), constable of the Tower, and Sir Edw. Wallsyngham, lieutenant of the Tower, to keep a space free for her landing. It was marvellous sight how the barges kept such good order and space between them that every man could see the decking and garnishing of each, "and how the banars and penanntes of armis of their craftes, the which were beaten of fyne gould, yllastring so goodly agaynste the sonne, and allso the standardes, stremares of the conisaunsys and devisis ventylyng with the wynd, allso the trompettes blowyng, shallmes and mistrielles playng, the which war a ryght symtivis and a tryhumfantt syght to se and to heare all the way as they paste upon the water, to her the sayd marvelles swett armone of the sayd ynstermentes, the which soundes to be a thinge of a nother world. This and this order hir Grace pasyng till she came a nontt Rattlyffe."

The Queen was "hallsyd with gones forth of the shippes" on every side, which could not well be numbered, especially at Ratcliffe. When she came over against Wapping mills the Tower "lousyd their ordinaunce" most triumphantly, shooting four guns at once.

At her landing, a long lane was made among the people to the King's bridge at the entrance of the Tower. She was received on coming out of her barge by Sir Edw. Walsingham, lieutenant of the Tower, and Sir Will. Kinston, constable of the Tower. The officers of arms gave their attendance; viz., Sir Thos. Writhe, Garter king-of-arms, Clarencieux and Norroy kings-of-arms, Carlisle, Richmond, Windsor, Lancaster, York, and Chester heralds; the old duchess of Norfolk bearing her train; the lord Borworth (sic), chamberlain to her Grace, supporting it, &c. A little further on she was received by lord Sandes, the King's chamberlain, lord Hause (Hussey), chamberlain with the Princess, the lord Windsor, the lord Nordunt (Mordaunt?), and others; afterwards by the bishops of Winchester and London, the earl of Oxford, chamberlain of England, lord Will. Haworth, marshal of England, as deputy to his brother Thos. duke of Norfolk, the earl of Essex, &c.

Somewhat within the Tower she was received by the King, who laid his hands on both her sides, kissing her with great reverence and a joyful countenance, and led her to her chamber, the officers of arms going before. After which every man went to his lodging, except certain noblemen and officers in waiting. The King and Queen went to supper, and "after super ther was sumptuus void."

An English Garner Volume 2 Page 52. Nicholas Udall. English Verses and Ditties at the Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn. [Royal MS. 18. A. Lxiv.]

At the Pageant representing the Progeny of Saint ANNE, exhibited at Cornhill, besides Leadenhall.

Were pronounced unto the Queen's Grace, these words following.

Most excellent Queen, and bounteous Lady !

Here now to see your gracious Goodness,

With such honour entering this City ;

What joy we take, what hearty gladness, No pen may write, nor any tongue express! For of you, depend the sure felicity And hope, both of us and our posterity.

For like as from this devout Saint ANNE

Issued this holy generation,

First CHRIST, to redeem the soul of man ;

Then JAMES th'apostle, and th'evangelist JOHN ;

With these others, which in such fashion

By teaching and good life, our faith confirmed,

That from that time yet to, it hath not failed:

Right so, dear Lady ! our Queen most excellent !

Highly endued with all gifts of grace,

As by your living is well apparent ;

We, the Citizens, by you, in short space,

Hope such issue and descent to purchase ;

Whereby the same faith shall be defended,

And this City from all dangers preserved.

Which time that we may right shortly see,

To our great comfort, joy and solace ;

Grant the most high and blessed Trinity !

Most humbly beseeching your noble Grace,

Our rude simpleness showed in this place To pardon ;

and, the brief time considering,

To esteem our good minds, and not the thing.

Ellis' Letters S1 V2 Letter CXIV. 01 Jun 1533. Nowe than on Soundaye was the Coronacion, which allso was of such a maner.

In the mornynge ther assembled withe me at Westminster Churche the bysshop of Yorke, the Bishop of London (age 58), the Bishop of Wynchester (age 50), the Bishop of Lyncoln (age 60), the Bishop of Bathe, and the Bishop of Saint Asse (age 58), the Abbote of Westminstre with x or xij moo Abbottes, whiche all revestred ourselfs in our pontificalibus, and, soo furnysshed, withe our Crosses and Crossiers, procedid oute of th' Abbey in a procession unto Westminstre Hall, where we receyved the Queene (age 32) apareled in a Robe of purple velvet, and all the ladyes and gentillwomen in robes and gownes of scarlet accordyng to the maner vsed before tyme in such besynes: and so her Grace sustayned of eche syde with ij to bysshops, the Bysshope of London (age 58) ande the Bysshop of Wynchester (age 50), came furthe in processyon unto the Churche of Westminster, she in her here, my Lord of Suffolke (age 49) berying before herr the Crowne, and ij to other Lords beryng also before her a Ceptur and a white Rodde, and so entred up into the highe Alter, where diverse Ceremoneys used aboute her, I did sett the Crowne on her hedde, and then was songe Te Deum, &c. And after that was song a solempne Masse, all which while her grace sjatt crowned upon a scaffold whiche was made betwene the Highe Alter and the Qwyer in Westminstre Churche; which Masse and ceremonyes donne and fynysshed, all the Assemble of noble men broughte her into Westminstre Hall agayne, where was kepte a great solempne feaste all that daye; the good ordre therof were to longe to wrytte at this tyme to you. But nowe Sir you may nott ymagyn that this Coronacion was before her mariege, for she was maried muche about sainte Paules daye last, as the condicion therof dothe well appere by reason she ys nowe sumwhat bygg with chylde. Notwithstandyng yt hath byn reported thorowte a greate parte of the realme that I (age 43) maried her; whiche was playnly false, for I myself knewe not therof a fortenyght after yt was donne. And many other thyngs be also reported of me, whiche be mere lyes and tales.

Other newys have we none notable, but that one Fryth, whiche was in the Tower in pryson, was appoynted by the Kyngs grace to be examyned befor me, my Lorde of London, my lorde of Wynchestre, my Lorde of Suffolke, my Lorde Channcelour, and my Lorde of Wylteshere, whose opynion was so notably erroniouse, that we culde not dyspache hym but was fayne to leve hym to the determynacion of his Ordinarye, whiche ys the bishop of London. His said opynyon ys of suche nature that he thoughte it nat necessary to be beleved as an Article of our faythe, that ther ys the very corporall presence of Christe within the Oste and Sacramente of the Alter, and holdethe of this poynte muste after the Opynion of Oecolampadious. And suerly I myself sent for hym iij or iiij tymes to perswade hym to leve that his Imaginacion, but for all that we could do therin he woulde not applye to any counsaile, notwithstandyng nowe he ys at a fynall ende with all examinacions, for my Lorde of London hathe gyven sentance and delyuerd hym to the secular power, where he loketh every daye to goo unto the fyer. And ther ys also condempned with hym one Andrewe a taylour of London for the said self same opynion.

And thus farr you well, from my manor of Croydon the xvij. daye of June.

Note a. Hall, Chron. edit. 1809. p. 794. Holinsh. edit. 1808. vol. iii. p. 777.

Note b. Queen Elizabeth was born on September the 7^th. 1533.

Note c. Stow, Ann. edit. 1631. p. 562.

Note d. Herb. Life of Hen. VIII. edit. 1649. p. 341. Bumet in his History of the Reformation has likewise fallen into this error.

Note e. Lingard's Hist Engl. 1^st. edit. vol. iv. p. 190.

a1. re-journying.

a2. shaums.

b2. all day.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1530-1539. 01 Jun 1533. Memorandum, the first dale of June,^d Queene Anne (age 32) was brought from Westminster Hall to the Abbey of Sainct Peeter's [Map] with procession, all the monkes of Westminster going in rytch copes of golde with 13 abbotts mitred; and after them all the Kinges Chappell in rych copes with fower bushopps and tow archbishopps mittred, and all the Lordes going in their Perliament roabes,^e and the crowne borne afore her by the Duke of Suffolke (age 49), and her tow scepters by tow Earles, and she herself going under a rytch canapie of cloath of golde, apparailed in a kirtell of crymson velvett powdred with ermyns, and a robe of purple velvett furred with powdred ermines over that, and a rich cronett with a call^a of pearles and stones on her hedde, and the olde Dutches of Norfolke (age 56)^b bearing upp her traine in a robe of scarlett with a cronett of golde on her bonett, and the Lorde Boroughe,^c the Queenes Chamberlaine, staying the traine in the middes; and after her tenne ladies following in robes of scarlett furred with ermins and rounde cronettes of golde on their heades; and next after theim all the Queenes maides in gownes of scarlett edged with white lettushe furre; and so was shee brought to Sainct Peeters Church [Map] at Westminster, and their sett in her seate riall, which was made on a high scaffolde before the highe aulter; and their shee was anoynted and crowned Queene of Englande by the Archbishopp of Canterberie^d1 and the Archbishoppe of Yorke, and so sate crowned in her seate riall all the masse, and offred also at the said masse; and the masse donne, they departed everie man in their degrees to Westminster Hall [Map], she going still under the cannapie crowned with towe septers in hir handes, my Lorde of Wilshire, her father,^e1 and the Lorde Talbott^f leadinge her, and so theire dynned; wheras was made the most honorable feast that hath beene seene.

The great hall at Westminster was rytchlie hanged with rych cloath of Arras, and a table sett at the upper ende of the hall, going upp twelve greeses,^a2 where the Queene dyned; and a rytch cloath of estate hanged over her heade; and also fower other tables alongest the hall; and it was rayled on everie side, from the highe deasse in Westminster Hall to the scaffold in the church in the Abbaj.

And when she went to church to her coronation their was a raye cloath,^b2 blew, spreed from the highe desses^c of the Kinges Benche unto the high alter of Westminster, wheron she wente.

Note B. the Lorde William Howard, Lord Chamberlen (age 23), in a purse of crymsen silk and gold knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.

And when the Queenes grace had washed her handes, then came the Duke of Suffolke (age 49), High Constable that daie and stewarde of the feast, ryding on horsebacke rytchlie apparailed and trapped, and with him, also ridinge on horsebacke, the Lorde William (age 23) Howarde as deputie for the Duke of Norfolke (age 60) in the romth^d2 of the Marshall of Englande, and the Queenes service^e2 following them with the Archbishopps, a certaine space betwene which was borne^f2 all by knightes, the Archbishopp sitting at the Queenes borde, at the ende, on her left hande.^g2 The Earle of Sussex (age 50) was sewer, the Earle of Essex carver, the Earle of Darbie (age 24) cuppbearer, the Earle of Arrondell (age 57) butler, the Viscount Lisle (age 69) pantler, the Lord Gray almoner.

Att one of the fower tables sate all the noble ladies all on one side of the hall, at the second table the noble men, at the thirde table the Major of London^h2 with the Aldermen, att the fowerth table the Barons of the Fortes with the Masters of the Chauncerie. The goodlie dishes with the delicate meates and the settles which were all gilt, with the noble service that daie done by great men of the realme, the goodlie sweete armonie of minstrells with other thinges were to long to expresse, which was a goodlie sight to see and beholde.

And when shee had dined and washed her handes she stoode a while under the canopie of estate, and behelde throwghe the hall, and then were spices brought with other delicates, which were borne all in great high plates of gold, wherof shee tooke a litle refection, and the residue geavinge among the lordes and ladies; and that donne she departed up to the White Hall, and their changed her apparell, and so departed secreetlie by water to Yorke Place [Map], which is called White Hall, and their laie all night.

Note d. Whitsanday. Compare this with the account of the receiving and coronation of Anne Boleyn in MS. Harleian. Cod. 41, arts. 2-5, and MS. Harleian. 543, fol. 119.

Note e. Henry's (age 41) first wife, Katharine of Aragon (age 47), was crowned with him, and a magnificent ceremony was ordained for her successful rival Anne Boleyn, but none of the other wives of Henry were honoured with a coronation.

Note a. A caul was a kind of net in which women inclosed their hair.

Note b. Grandmother (age 56) of Anne Boleyn, being widow of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, whose daughter Elizabeth (age 53) married Sir Thomas Boleyn (age 56), afterwards Earl of Wiltshire, the father of Anne.

Note. b, immediately above, appears to be a mistake? The grandmother of Anne Boleyn was Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey, first wife of Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk. He, Thomas, married secondly his first wife's first cousin Agnes Tilney Duchess Norfolk (age 56) who must be the old Duchess of Norfolk referred to since Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey died in Apr 1497.

Note c. Thomas, Lord Bnrgh of Gainsboroogh (age 45).

d1. In Sir Henry Ellis's Collection of Original Letters occurs a very interesting letter written by Cranmer to the English ambassador at the Emperor's court, giving his own account of the pronouncing of sentence on Katharine and of the coronation of Anne Boleyn (age 32).

e1. Anne Boleyn's father (age 56) had been created Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond on the 8th December, 1529.

a2. Steps or stain, Latin gressus.

b2. Striped cloth.

Note c. Desks.

d2. Room.

e2. Suite.

f2. Occupied.

g2. Stow expressly states that Archbishop Cranmer sat on the right hand of the Queen at the table's end. Ed. 1631, p. 567.

h2. Sir Stephen Pecocke.

Hall's Chronicle 1533. 01 Jun 1533. The order and sitting at diner.

While the Queen was in her chamber, every lord and other that ought to do service at coronation did prepare them according to their duty, as the duke of Suffolk High Steward of England which was richly apparelled, his doublet and jacket set with orient pearl, his gown of crimson velvet embroidered, his courser trapped with a cloth trapper head and all to the ground of crimson velvet set full of letters of gold of goldsmith’s work having a long white rod in his hand, on his left hand rode the Lord William, deputy for his brother as Earl Marshal with the Marshal’s rod, whose gown was crimson velvet, and his horse trapper purple velvet cut on white satin embroidered with white lions. The Earl of Oxford was High Chamberlain, the Earl of Essex carver, the Earl of Sussex sewer, the Earl of Arundel chief butler on who twelve citizens of London did give their attendance at the cupboard. The Earl of Derby Cupbearer, the Viscount Lisle Panter, the Lorde of Burgayne chief larder, the Lord Bray almoner for him and his coperteners, and the Mayor of Oxford kept the buttery bar, and Thomas Wyatt was chief eurer for sir Henry Wyatt his father. When all thing was ready, the Queen under her canopy came to the Hall and washed and sat down in the midst of the table under the cloth of estate. On the right side of the chair stood the Countess of Oxford widow, and on the left side stood the Countess of Worcester all the dinner season, which diverse times in the dinner time did hold a fine cloth before the Queen’s face when she list to spit or do otherwise at her pleasure. At the tables end sat the Archbishop of Canterbury on the right hand of the Queen, and in the midst between the Archbishop and the Countess of Oxford stood the Earl of Oxford with a white staff all diner time, and at the Queen’s feet under the table sat two gentlewomen all dinner time. When all these things were thus ordered came in the Duke of Suffolk and the Lord William Howard on horseback and the Sergeants of Arms before them, and after them the Sewer, and then the Knights of the Bath bringing in the first course which was twenty-eight dishes beside subtleties and ships made of wax marvellous gorgeous to behold, all which time of service the trumpets standing in the window at the nether end of the hall played melodiously. When her grace was served of two dishes, then the Archbishop service was set down, whose Sewer came equal with the third dish of the Queen’s service on his left hand. After that the Queen and the Archbishop was served, the Barons of the Portes began the table on the right hand next the wall, next them at the table sat the masters and clerks of the chancery, and beneath them at the table other doctors and gentlemen. The table next the wall on the left hand by the cupboard was begun by the Mayor and Aldermen the chamberlain and the counsel of the City of London, and beneath them sat substantial merchants, and so downward other worshipful persons. At the table on the right hand in the midst of the hall sat the Lord Chancellor and other temporal Lords on the right side of the table, in their circots. And on the left side of the same table, sat Bishops and Abbots in their Parliament robes, beneath them sat the Judges, Servantes, and the King’s Counsel, beneath the Knights of the Bathe. At the table on the left hand, in the middle part, sat Duchesses, Marquesses, Countesses, Baronesses, in their robes, and other ladies in circots, and gentle women in gowns. All which ladies and gentle women, sat on the left side of the table a long, and none on the right side: and when all were thus set, they were incontinent served and so quickly, that it was marvel, for the servitors gave such good attendance, that meat or drink ne anything else needed not to be called for, which in so great a multitude was marvel. As touching the fare there could be devised, no more costlier dishes nor subtleties. The Mayor of London was served with, twenty-three dishes at two courses, and so were all his brethren, and such as sat at his table. The Queen had at her second course, twenty-four dishes, and thirty at the third course: and between the two last courses, the Kings of Arms cried arges [?], in three parts of the hall and after stood in their place, which was in the bekins [?] the King’s Bench. And on the right hand, out of the Cloister of St Stephen’s, was made a little closet, in which the King with diverse Ambassadors, stood to behold the service. The Duke of Suffolk and the Lord William, rode oftentimes about the hall, cheering the lords, ladies, and the Mayor and his brethren. After they all had dined, they had wafers and Hippocras, and then they washed, and were commanded to rise, and to stand still in their places, before the table or on the forms until the Queen had washed: when she had taken wafers and Hippocras, the table was taken up, and the Earl of Rutland brought up the surnap, and laid it at the Lord’s end, which immediately was drawn, and cast by Master Rode, Marshal of the hall: and the Queen washed, and after the Archbishop, and after the surnap was drawn of, she arose and stood in the midst of the Hall place: to whom the Earl of Sussex in a goodly spice plate, brought a void of spice and comfits. After him the Mayor of London, brought a standing Cup of gold, set in a Cup of assay of gold, and after that she had drunk, she gave the Mayor the Cup, with the Cuppe of assay, because there was no leyar [?], according to the claim of the city, than King him and all his brethren, of their pain. Then she under her Canopy, departed to her Chamber, and at the entry of her Chamber, she gave the Canopy with bells and all, to the Barons of the Portes, according to their claim, with great thanks. Then the Mayor of London bearing his Cup in his hand, with his brethren went through the hall to their barge, and so did all other noble men and gentlemen, for it was six of the clock.

Hall's Chronicle 1533. 01 Jun 1533. Sonday being Whit Sunday the first day of June and the day of her Coronation.

On Sunday the Mayor clad in crimson velvet and with his collar and all the Aldermen and Sheriffs in Scarlet and the counsel of the city took their barge at the Crane by seven of the clock and came to Westminster where they were welcomed and brought into the hall by Master Treasurer and other of the King’s house, and so gave their attendance till the Queen should come forth. Between eight and nine she came into the Hall and stood under the clothe of estate, and then came in the King’s Chapel and the monks of Westminster all in rich copes and many Bishops and Abbots in copes and mitres which went into the midst of the hall, and there stood a season. Then was there a ray clothe spread from the Queen’s standing in the hall through the palace and sanctuary, which was railed on both sides to the high Altar of Westminster. After that the ray clothe was cast, the Officers of Armes appointed the order accustomed. First went gentlemen, then esquires, then knights, then the Aldermen of the city in their cloaks of scarlet, after them the Judges in their mantles of scarlet and coifs. Then followed the Knights of the Bathe being no Lords, every man having a white lace on his left sleeve. Then followed Barons and Viscounts in their parliament robes of scarlet. After them came Earles, Marquesses and Dukes in their robes of estate of crimson velvet furred with ermine powdered according to their degrees. After them came the Lord Chancellor in a robe of scarlet open before bordered with lettice: after him came the King’s Chapel and the monks solemnly singing with procession, then came Abbots and Bishops mitred, then Sergeants and Officers of Armes, then after them went the Mayor of London with his mace and garter in his coat of arms. Then went the Marquess Dorset in a robe of estate which bare the sceptre of gold, and the Earl of Arundel which bare the rod of Ivory with the Dove both together. Then went alone the Earl of Oxford High Chamberlain of England which bare the crown, after him went the duke of Suffolk in his robe of estate also for that day being High Steward of England, having a long white rod in his hand, and the Lord William Howard with the Rod of the Marshalship, and every Knight of the Garter had on his collar of the order. Then preceded forth the Queen in a circot and robe of purple velvet furred with ermine in her hair coif and circlet as she had the Saturday, and over her was borne the canopy by four of the five [Cinque] Portes all crimson with points of blue and red hanging on their sleeves, and the Bishops of London and Winchester bare up the lappets of the Queen’s robe. The Queen’s train which was very long was borne by the old Duchess of Norfolk (age 56) after her followed ladies being Lord’s wives which had circots of scarlet with narrow sleeves, the breast all lettice with bars of borders according to their degrees. And over that they had mantels of scarlet furred, and every mantle had lettice about the neck like a neckerchief likewise powdered, so that by the powderings their degree was known. Then followed ladies being Knight’s wives in gowns of scarlet with narrow sleeves without trains only edged with lettice, and likewise had all the Queen’s gentlewomen. When she was thus brought to the high place made in the midst of the church between the choir and the high altar she was set in a riche chair. And after that she had rested a while she descended down to the High Altar and there prostrate herself while the Archbishop of Canterbury said certain collettes: then she rose and the bishop anointed her on the head and on the breast, and then she was led up again, where after diverse Orisons said, the Archbishop set the crown of Saint Edward on her head, and then delivered her the sceptre of gold in her right hand, and the rod of Ivory with the Dove in the left hand, and then all the choir sang Te Deum, §c. Which done the bishop took of the crown of Saint Edward being heavy and set on the crown made for her, and so went to Masse. And when the offertory was begun she descended down and offered being crowned, and so ascended up again and sate in her chair till Agnus. And then she went down and kneeled before the altar where she received of the Archbishop the holy sacrament and then went up to her place again. After that Masse was done she went to Saint Edwardes shrine and there offered, after which offering done she withdrew her into a little place made for the nuns on the one side of the choir. Now in the mean season every Duchess had put on their bonnets a corona of gold wrought with flowers, and every Marquesses put on a demy Coronal of gold, every Countess a plain circlet of gold wrought with flowers, and every King of Armes put on a crown of copper and gilt all which were worn till night. When the Queen had a little reposed her the company returned in the same order that they set forth, and the Queen went crowned and so did the Ladies aforesaid. Her right hand was sustained by the Earl of Wiltshire (age 56) her father, and her left hand by the Lord Talbot deputy for the Earl of Shrewsbury and Lord Furnival his father. And when she was out of the Sanctuary and appeared within the palace the trumpets played marvellous freshly, and so she was brought to Westminster Hall, and so to her withdrawing chamber, during which time the Lords, Judges, Mayor and Aldermen put of their robes, Mantels and Cloaks, and took their hoods from their necks and cast them about their shoulders, and the Lords sat only in their circots and the Judges and Aldermen in their gowns. And all the Lords that served that day served in their circots and their hoods about their shoulders. Also, diverse officers of the King’s house being no Lords had circots and hoods of scarlet edged with miniver, as the Treasurer, Controller and Master of the Jewel House, but their circots were not gilt.

Letters and Papers 1533. 30 May 1553. Harl. MS. 41, f. 15. B. M. 561. Coronation Of Anne Boleyn. The order in proceeding from the Tower to Westminster.

The King's messengers to ride foremost with their boxes, to stay when that time is, and to go when that time is, as they see the followers do pause.

The strangers that ride, and the Ambassadors' servants. Item, next the trumpets, the gentlemen ushers, the chaplains having no dignity, the squires for the Body, with pursuivants two and two on each side. The knights and challenger and defender with steryng horses. The aldermen of London. The great chaplains of dignity. Heralds, two and two on each side. The knights of the Bath, the "barenettes" [and abbots]. (fn. 3) The knights of the Garter, being no lords. The two Chief Judges and Master of the Rolls. Then all the Lords and Barons in order after their estates. The Bishops. The Earls and Ambassadors. The comptroller of Household. The treasurer of Household. The steward of Household. Two kings-of-arms. The King's chamberlain. The Lord Privy Seal. The Lord Admiral of England. The Great Chamberlain of England. The Archbishops and Ambassadors. The two esquires of honor, with robes of estate rolled and worn baldric wise about their necks, with caps of estate representing the duke of Normandy and the duke of Aquitain. The Lord Mayor and Garter. The Marshal, the Constable, the Treasurer, the Chancellor. The Serjeants-of-arms on both sides. Her Chancellor bareheaded. The Queen's grace. The Lord Chamberlain. The Master of the Horse leading a spare horse. Seven ladies in crimson velvet. Two chariots; two ladies in the first, and four in the second, all of the greatest estates. Seven ladies in the same suit, their horses trapped to the pastron. The third chariot, wherein were six ladies with crimson velvet. The fourth chariot, with eight ladies in crimson velvet. Thirty gentlewomen, all in velvet and silk of the liveries of their ladies. The captain of the Guard. The King's guard in their rich coats.

Vellum, pp. 2.

Letters and Papers 1533. 30 May 1553. Add. MS. 21,116, f. 48. B. M. 562. Coronation Of Anne Boleyn.

"The appointment what number of officers and servitors that shall attend upon the Queen's grace, the Bishop and the ladies sitting at the Queen's board in the Great Hall at Westminster, the day of the coronation, as followeth:—

Carvers: Lord Montague for the Queen. Sir Edw. Seymour for the Bishop. Thos. Arundell for the ladies at the board.

Cupbearers: Lord William Howard for the Queen. Lord Clynton for the Bishop. Lord Audeley's son and heir for the board.

Sewers: Sir Edw. Nevill for the Queen. Percival Harte for the Bishop. Richard Verney for the board. Chief pantry, 1. Chief butler, 1. Chief sewer, 1. Almoners, 7. Servitors, knights, and gentlemen for three messes, 60.

Sewers, 8. Servitors, 80. Yeomen, 16.

Knights of the Bath: Marquis of Dorset, earl of Derby, lords Clifford, Fitzwater, Hastings, Mountegle, and Vaux; Mr. Parker, lord Morley's son; Mr. Wynsor, lord Winsor's son; John Mordant, lord Mordant's son; Fras. Weston, Thos. Arundell, Mr. Corbet, Mr. Wyndham, John Barkeley, John Huddelston, Ric. Verney of Penley, Thos. Ponynges, Hen. Savile, John Germayne, Rob. Whitneye of Gloucestershire, Geo. Fitzwilliams, John Tyndall.

Knights and gentlemen to be servitors: Sir John St. John, Sir Michael Fisher, Sir Thos. Rotheram, Sir Geo. Somerset, Sir Wm. Essex, Sir Antony Hungerford, Sir Ric. Graundfeild, Sir John Hamond, Sir Robt. Painton, Sir Giles Alington, Sir Thos. Elyot, Sir Rafe Langford, Sir John Fulford, Sir Thos. Darcy, Sir John Villers, Sir John Markham, Sir John Beryn, Sir Nic. Stirley, Sir Thos. Straung, Sir Fras. Lovell, Sir Edw. Chamberlen, Sir Adrian Fortescue, Sir Water Stoner, Sir Wm. Barentyne, Sir Wm. Newman, Sir Arthur Hopton, Sir Edm. Beningfeild, Sir Ant. Wingfeild, Sir Geo. Frogmerton, Sir John Russell of Worster, Sir Geo. Darcy, Sir Wm. Pickering, Sir Thos. Cornvell, Sir John Bridges, Sir Wm. Hussey, Sir Edw. Wotton, Sir Wm. Hault, Sir John Skott, Sir Ric. Clementes, Sir Wm. Kempe, Sir Edw. Cobham, Sir Wm. Fynch, Sir John Thymbleby, Sir Rob. Hussey, Sir Chr. Willughbie, Sir Wm. Skipwith, Sir Wm. Askice, (fn. 4) Sir Jeffrey Poole, Sir Jas. Worsley, Sir Thos. Lysley, Sir John Talbot, Sir John Gifford, Sir Wm. Basset, Sir Ph. Dracote, Sir Henry Longe, Sir Ant. Lutterell, Sir John Sainctlowe, Sir Roger Copley, Sir Wm. Pellam, Sir Wm. Goring, Sir Walter Hungerford, John Hersley, George Lyne, Ric. Philips,—Yorke, Ric. Dodham, Rafe Mannering, John Seintler, Clement Harleston, John Turell, Humfrey Ferres, Geo. Grissley, Wm. Drurye, Wm. Cope, John St. John, Edm. Tame, Ric. Lygon, Leonard Poole, John Arnold, John Arden, Wm. Stafford, Chas. Herbert of Troy, Sir Wm. Paunder, Young Wingfeild, Holcrofte, Skipwith, Diar, Young Barkeley.

Sewers: Roger Banbricke, Antony Isley, Edm. Browne, John Cheyne, Wm. Morgan, Davy Morgan, Hen. Seymer, William Jones.

Yeomen ushers and yeomen appointed to attend upon the Queen at her Coronation: John Lane, Laurence Sendell, Robt. Griffith, Thos. Marshall, John Brygden, Davyd Philips, John Geffrey, Wm. Avenell, Ric. Ryder, Wm. Sendre, Hugh Troblefeild, John Ashton, John Smith, senior, John Robertes, John Perce, Antony Saunders, Walter Wagham, Thos. Coxe, Ric. Stone, Thos. Hawkins, Wm. Bond, Robt. Whitbrowe, Hugh Lewis, Thos. Gethens, Ric. Gilmyn, Rob. Gibbes, Ric. Rawneshaw, John Bromfeld, Robt. Langden, John Holcomb, Robt. Owen, Griffith ap Morice, Walter Menours, Wm. Jones, Robt. Mortoun, Edm. Stoner, John Gethens, Edw. Philips, John Wympe, Ric. Clerke, John Holland, John Alcock, Ric. Gilling, John Evanse, Lyonell Martyn, Fras. Coket, John Brathwet, John Cox, John Knotford, John Belson, John Byrte, John Node, Moris Apenevet, Michael Whiting, John Stevens, Hugh David, Lewis ap Watkyn, John Cowper, Edw. Johnson, Ric. Fowler, John Grymith, Symond Symmes, Robert Stonhouse, Edw. Aprichard, Hen. Holden.

Ibid., f. 50 b. ii. Officers appointed to attend on the Queen and the Bishop sitting at the Queen's board end, on the day of her coronation.

John Hancote, Thos. Berram, Roger Gerers, John Massye, John Colby, John Person Edw. Dickey, Ric. Estoune, Wm. Lawry, George Banckes, Thos. Massy, Ralfe Ball, John Gounter, Ric. Baker, John Thomas, Thos. Norton, Wm. Germaine, Thos. Toby, Richard Faice, Geo. Hodson. John Williams, Adam Holland, Robt. Bird, Robt. Gibson, Wm. Batty, Hugh Norres, Thos. Calfe, Wm. Paye.

Carvers: The earl of [Essex or] Rutland for the Queen; Sir Edm. (Edward) Seymour for the Archbishop.

Cupbearers: Lord Derby for the Queen; Sir John Dudley for the Archbishop.

Sewers: The earl of Sussex for the Queen; Sir Thos. Arundell for the Archbishop.

Panters: Viscount Lisle, chief panter; John Apricharde; John Gislym.

[Butlers]: Earl of Arundell, chief butler; Ric. Hill, Edm. Harvye. [Ewers]: Sir Henry [Thomas] Wyat, Jeffrey Villers, Henry Atkinson. Chief almoners for the Queen: Lord Bray, Sir Wm. Gascoyne. Almoners: Henry Wells, Thos. Mason. Edmond Pekham, cofferer. William Thynne. Thos. Hatclife, Edw. Weldon, for the Bishop, and the said Bishop to be served covered. Surveyors at the dressers: Thos. Weldon for the Queen; Thos. Holden for the Bishop. Michael Wentworth, Henry Bricket, to see that nothing be embezzled.

Servitors from the dressers: For the Queen: Sir — Parker, Sir John St. John, Sir William Wynsor, Sir John Mordaunt, Sir Fras. Weston, Sir John Gifforte, Sir John Barkeley, Sir John Huddleston. Sir Ric. Verney, Sir Thos. Poninges, Sir Hen. Savell, Sir John Germayne, Sir Robt. Whetney, Sir Geo. Fitzwilliams, Sir John Tyndall, Sir Michael Fisher, Sir Tho. Rotheram, Sir Geo. Somerset, Sir Wm. Essex, Sir Antony Hungerford, Sir Ric. Graundfeild, Sir John Shamond¹, Sir Robt. Paynton, Sir Walter Stoner. For the Archbishop: Sir Thos. Elyot, Sir Rafe Langford, Sir John Fulford, Sir Thos. Dar[c]y. Sir John Villers, Sir John Markham, Sir John Berryn, Sir Nic. Stirley, Sir Thos. Straung, Sir Fras. Lovell, Sir Edw. Chamberlen, Sir Adryan Fortescue, Sir Hen. Longe, Sir Wm. Barington, Sir Wm. Newman, Sir Arthur Hopton, Sir Edw. Beningfeild, Sir Antony Wingfield, Sir Geo. Frogmerton [Throggemorton.], Sir John Russell of Worcestershire, Sir George Dar[c]y, Sir Wm. Pickering, Sir Thos. Cornwall, Sir John Bridges.

Waferers: Rob. Leigh for the Queen and the Bishop. He must bring his wafers for both services to the Queen's cupboard, to be set [sic: fet?from thence by the sewers. Confectionery: Cutbert Blakden [Vaughan] for the Queen and Bishop, with similar orders.

Kitchen: For the Queen and Bishop: John Plume, Edw. Wilkinson, Ric. Currey, John Armstrong, Robt. Plume, child, Thos. Galepy, fryer.

Larder: Lord Burgenye, John Dale, Jas. Mitchell.

Sausery: John Richardson for the Queen and Bishop, remaining in the house.

Pastry: John Cuncle, Elister Shainc. Boilers: John White, [John Tayler].

Scullery: Wm. Richarde for the Queen; Wm. Rawlyns for the Bishop, and to be served with gilt plate.

Marshals: Ric. Rede for the Queen; Edw. Vaux for the Bishop; Jesper Terrell; John Stevens. Richard Chace to be supervisor that every man give his due attendance that shall wait in the hall beneath the bar.

Lord Chamberlain: John earl of Oxford to give the King water.

The towel: Allen Asplonge, or his heirs, to give the Queen the towel before dinner.

The Queen's Champion:

Officers appointed to attend on the Lords Spiritual and Temporal at the middle board on the right hand of the Queen. The first board to be 11 yards in length, and to be served with three services of a like fare, and 30 services of another fare.

Sewers: John Barney at the board, John Banbricke at the dresser. Panters: Thos. Bend, Ric. Holbroke, Ric. Madoxe, John Stoddard, Wm. Dennys, Pierce Barly. Buttery and cellar: Bryan Aunsley, William Abbot, Ric. Weckly, John Aman. Ewris: Allyn Matthew, Thos. Christmas, Robt. Clynton.

Almoners: Thos. Oldnall, Wm. Blakeden, Hugh Williams.

[Conveyers]: Thos. Child, Thos. Hinde, Wm. Berman. Surveyors at the dressers: Thos. Hall, Wm. Thynne. John Lane, to see that the yeomen give due attendance. [Servitors from the dresser]: Richard Gilmyn, Robt. Griffith, Thos. Marshall, John Brogden, David Phillip, John Geffrey, Wm. Avenell, Ric. Ryder, Robt. Gibes, Wm. Semerre, Hugh Troblefeild, John Ashton, John Smith the elder, John Robertes, John Perce, Antony Perce, Antony Saunders, Walter Vaughan, Thos. Coxe, Ric. Stone, Thos. Hawkins, Wm. Bonde. Robt. Whitbrowe, Hugh Lewis, Thos. Githens. Waferers: Robt. Lystar. Confectionery: John Amnesleye. Kitchen: Wm. Bolton, Robt. Forster, John Floy [Sloye], John Laurence, John Baker, child, Wm. Botte [Abbott], fryer. Larder: John Dale, Jas. Michell. Saulsery: John Richard, Symond Dudley. Pastry: John Connicle, Robt. Dauson, Ric. Byre. Boiler: John White.

Scullery: Wm. Rice, Wm. Rawlins, Thos. Coke, child, John Worall [Morall], conducte.

Marshals: Thos. Ward, Hen. Hokars. Huisshers: John Gilman, Thos. Myles.

Officers to attend upon Duchesses and other ladies at the middle board on the left hand of the Queen; the first board 8 yards long. To be served with 3 services of like fare, 3 of another fare, and 30 of another fare.

Sewers: John Bonam, Ric. Sterkey.

Pantry: Thos. Skasley, John Markham, John Coxe, Thos. Hall. Conveyors of the bread to the panters: Richard Boxham, Geo. Forman. Buttery and cellar: Wm. Morrant, Ric. Lee, Ric. Parker, Thos. Trewth[Strewth].

[Ewers]: Geo. Fitzgeffrey, John Morgan, John Dixe. [Almoners]: John Stanbanck, Edw. Garret, Thos. Inde, Thos. Walker, Geo. Bond, Wm. Kedle, Thos. Turner. Surveyor at the dresser without, Thos. Hatcliffe; at the dresser within, Thos. Horden. John Powes to see that the yeomen give due attendance. Servitors from the dresser: Ric. Rainshawe, John Kinge, John Wellet, John Aprice, Ric. Saidell, Wm. Tolley, John Strymyn, Rafe Tykill, Thos. Jones, John Sydnam, Leonard Barowes, John Dorset, Thos. Lewis, Jas. [John] Stanley, John Tompson, John Smothen, Edw. Deckey, Ric. Eston, Wm. Laury, Geo. Bankes, Thos. Massie, Rafe Baiely, John Gaunter. Wafe[...] Robt. Lyster. Confectioner: John Amnesley. Kitchen: John Dale, George Benson, Rafe Iswell, Wm. Maie, Philip Yarow, child, Ric. Rede, fryer. Larder: Thos. English. Boiler: John Tailour. Saulsery: John Richard, John

Ringros. Pastry: Elize Shaunce, Wm. Andreson, conducte. Scullery: Wm. Wells, John Awmorer, conduct, Silvester Glossope.

Marshals: Nic. Sainctes [Synce], Thos. Braken. Huishers: John Towe, Nic. Ashfeild.

Officers to attend upon the Barons of the Cinque Ports, at the side board on the Queen's right hand, next the wall. The first board to be 8 yards long, and to be served with 3 services of like fare, and 30 services of another fare.

Sewers: Ant. Isley, John Cheyne. Panters: Wm. Cowper, John Bartlet, John Whitstall, Wm. Sotherne, conveyers of bread. Buttery and cellar: John Burnell, Robt. Gardener, Matthew Hanmer, Thos. Stanbridge [Skarbridge]. Ewry: Edw. Myller [Myllet], Thos. Colbeck, Robt. Maxton [Napton].

Almoners: Willm. Cressell, Wm. Breredge, Ric. Valentyne, Thos. Reding, and John Downslowe; John Davie and Robt. Rendon [Bendon], conveyers.

Surveyors at the dressers: Edw. Welden, Jas. Sutton. Servitors from the dresser: Laurence Serle, overseer, John Bromfeld, Robt. Lamdon, John Holcombe, Robt. Owen, Griffith Myres, Wm. Jones, Rob. Orton, Edm. Stone, John Githons, Edw. Philips, John Umpe, Ric. Clerke, John Holland, John Alcocke, Ric. Gilling, John Evans, Lymerell Martyn, Fras. Socket [Cockett], John Brewet, John Coxe, John Knotfort, John Bilson [Bason], John Birte. Waferer: Robt. Lyster. Confectionery: John Amnsley. Kitchen: Laurence Thexted, Ric. Townsend, Roger Brosse, John Coke, Rafe Hogan, child, Wm. More, fryer. Larder: Hen. Groves [Greve]. Boiler: John Tailour. Saulserie: John Richardson, Matthew White. Pastry: Matthew White, child, Roger Brynge, conducte. Scullery: Wm. Phillip, Wm. Hamhider. Marshal: Ric. Wales. Huishers: John Fisher, Jas. Aleasley.

Officers to attend upon the Mayor of London, sitting at the board next the wall on the left hand of the Queen. The first board to be 9 yards long, and to be served with 5 services of like fare, and 30 of another.

Sewers: Edw. Browne, Wm. Jones. Panters: Thos. Pulfort, Hugh Mynours, John Tryce, Robt. Hylston. Buttery and cellar: Thos. Mynours, Wm. Corffale, caker, John Throughgood, Wm. Agre. Ewry: Edw. Bird, Geo. Smert, Wm. Cheke.

Almoners: John Fisher, John Rowland, Wm. Blike, Wm. Willkinson, and Hen. Hungreford; Adam Faulcet, Hen. Wilkinson, conveyers of bread.

Surveyors at the dressers: John Mery, Robt. Pagman. Servitors from the dresser: Henry Bird to superintend, John Wode, Moris Apdenevet, Michael Whiting, John Stevens, Hugh David, Lewis ap Watkin, John West, John Burton, Robert Fleminge, Edw. Clayton, Lewis Appowell, John Cowper, Edw. Johnson, Ric. Fuller, John Treveth, Simmosune Symes, Robt. Stonehouse, Hen. Holden, John Hancocke, Thos. Boram, Roger Meres, John Massye, John Colby. Waferers: Robt. Lyster, John Amnsley. Kitchen: William Snowball, John Sterne, John Crane, John Mathew, Thos. Borrey, child, Peter Child, fryer. Larder: Ric. Mathewe. Boilers: John White, John Tailour. Saulsery: John Richardson, Thos. Nash. Pastry: Thos. Dover [Wever], Ric. Wilkinson. Scullery: Thos. More, Robt. Cellye. Marshals: Thos. Greves, Wm. Bellingham. Huisshers: Thos. Croftes, Wm. Bate.

The hall must be served with plate, as spoons, salts, pots, and bowls.

The Queen's Lord Chamberlain and Vice-chamberlain and two gentlemen must attend upon the Queen.

Officers appointed for serving the waste. Panter: Wm. Wilkinson. Clerk: Jas. Harington. Cook: John Hautcliffe. Larderer: John Dauson. Cooks for the "Worchouses" [Marchawses"(?)in § 2.]: John Birket, Ric. Parker, John Stevens, John Johnson, Steven God, Wm. Whitfeild.

Noblemen admitted to do service according to the tenure of their lands, and for the trial of their fees and profits unto the morrow of St. John Baptist's Day: Earl of Arundel, chief butler; Viscount of Lisle, chief panter; earl of Oxford, chief chamberlain; Sir Hen. Wyat, chief ewre; earl of Shrewsbury to support the Queen's right arm and bear the sceptre; sixteen Barons of the Cinque Ports to bear the canopy over her; lord Burgeine, chief larderer; Sir Giles Alington to bear the first cup to the Queen; earl of Sussex, chief sewer; the Mayor of London to bear a cup of gold to the Queen at her void.

Pp. 23.

Add. MS. 6,113, f. 34. B. M. 2. "Officers and servitors which did service the same day of coronation, being the first of June."

A list similar to ii., but with a few additions and variations, of which the more important have been noted. Pp. 18.

Note 1. Hamonde in § 2.

The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. The sondaye in the mornynge at eight of the clocke the quenes grace with noble ladyes in theyr robes of estate with al the nobles aparayled in parlyament robes as dukes cries archbysshops and bysshops with barons and the barons of the fyue portes¹ with the mayre of the cite the aldermen in theyr robes as mantels of scarlet. The barons of the fyve portes bare a ryche canopy of cloth of golde with stanes of golde and four belles of syluer and gylt. The abbot of Westmynster in his rygals² came in to the hall in pontificalibus with his monkes in theyr best copes the Kynges chapell in theyr best copes with the bysshops rychely aourned³ in pontificalibus and the ray cloth blewe spredde from the hygh desses of the kynges benche unto the hygh aulter of Westmynster. And so every man procedynge to the mynster in the best order euery man after theyr degree apoynted to theyr order and office as aperteyneth came vnto the place apoynted where her grace receyued her crowne with al the serymonyes therof as ther vnto belongeth. And so al the serimonyes done with the solempne masse they departed home in their best orders euery man to the hal of Westmynster where the quenes grace withdrew her for a tyme in to her chambre apoynted and so after a certayne space her grace came in to the hall. Than ye shulde haue sene euery noble man doyng their seruyce to them apoynted in the best maner thatl hath ben sene in any suche serimony. The quenes grace wasshed the archbisshop of Canterbury sayd grace. Than the nobles were set to the table therwith came the quenes seruice with the seruyce of tharch bysshop a certayne space thre men with the quenes grace seruyce. Before the said seruyce came the duke of Suffolke high constable that day and stewarde of the feest on horsbacke and meruaylously trapped in aparell with rychesse. Than with hym came the lorde Wyllyam Hawarde as depute to the duke of Norfolke in the rome of the marshal of Englande on horsbacke. The erle of essex caruer. Therle of Sussex sewer. Therle of Darby cupberer. Therle of Arundell butteller. The visconte lysle panter. The lorde Bray awmoner. These noble men dyd theyr seruyce in suche humble sorte and fassyon that it was wonder to se the payne and dylygence of them beynge suche noble personages. The seruyce borne by Knyghtes whiche were to me to longe to tell in order the goodly seruyce of kyndes of meate with their deuyses from the hyest vnto the lowest there haue not ben sene more goodlyer nor honorablyer done in no mannes dayes. There was foure tables in the great hall alonge the sayde hall. The noble women one table syttyng al on the one syde. The noble men an other table. The mayre of London an other table with his bretherne. The barons of the portes with the mayster of the chauncery the fourth table. And thus all thynges nobly and tryumphantly done at her coronacyon her grace retourned to Whyte hall with great ioy and solempnyte and the morowe was great iustes at the tylte done by eighteen lordes and knyghtes where was broken many speares valyauntly : but some of their horses wolde nat come at their pleasure nere unto the tylte whiche was displeasure to some that there dyd ronne.

Thus endeth this triumphe: Imprinted at London in flete strete by Wynkyn the Worde, for John Goughe.

Note 1. Whenever the five ports are mentioned in the original a curious contraction is used at the end of the word probably for "es."

Note 2. Vestments.

Note 3. A misprint for adourned.

Hall's Chronicle 1533. This yere also, one Pauier town clerk of the City of London, hanged himself, which surely was a man, that in nowise could abide to here that the Gospel should be in English, and I myself heard him once say to me and other that were by, swearing a great oath, that if he thought the King’s highness, would set forth the scripture in English, and let it be read of the people by his authority, rather then he would so long live he would cut his own throat, but he broke promises, for as you have heard he hanged himself : but of what mind and intent he so did, God judge. About this season was espied a new found Saint, and holy Hypocrite, called the Maid of Kent, which by the great labour, diligence, and pain taking of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Lord Cromwell, and one called Hugh Latimer a priest (which shortly after was made bishop of Worcester,) the juggling and crafty deceit of this maid, was manifested and brought to light: whereupon after diverse examinations, she with all her adherents, were in November brought to the Star Chamber : the names of them all shall follow, first Elizabeth Barton, which was she that called herself the Holy Maid of Kent, Richard Master priest person of Aldington in the County of Kent, Edward Bocking doctor in Divinity, Monk of Canterbury, Richarde Dering Monk also of Canterbury, Edward Twaites gentleman, Thomas Laurece register to the Archdeacon of Canterbury, Henry Gold person of Aldermary bachelor of Divinity, Hugh Riche Friar Observant, and Richard Risby, Thomas Gold gentleman. These all being in the Star Chamber, before diverse of the King’s Counsel, confessed their feigned hypocrisy, and dissimulated sanctity, and traitorous purposes and intents, and then was there by the King’s counsel adjudged, to stand at Paul’s Crosse, where they with their own hands, should severally deliver each of them to the preacher that should be appointed, a bill declaring their subtle, crafty and superstitious doings. Which thing the next Sunday after, they all above rehearsed, standing on a stage at Paul’s Cross, made for that purpose did accomplish: but for their treasons committed, the matter thereof was respited to the Parliament next following, where all they above said, with other as after ye shall hear, were attainted by Act of Parliament, and suffered death as traitors, by hanging, drawing, and quartering at Tyburn.

The History of England under Henry VIII 1546. 02 Dec 1546. The first that manifested himself was Sir Richard Southwel (age 43), who (Dec. 2.) said that he knew certain things of the earl, that touched his fidelity to the king: the earl, before the Lord Chancellor Wriothesley (age 40), the Lord St. John, the Earl of Hertford, and others, vehemently (Dec. 2.) affirmed himself a true man, desiring to be try'd by justice, or else offering himself to fight in his shirt with Southwel: but the lords for the present only committed them. The duke this while, hearing his son was in trouble, sends (Dec. 3. 4.) to divers of his friends to know the cause, and particularly to the Bishop of Winchester: those letters yet (it is probable) fell into the king's council's hands; but could not preserve him from being involved in his son's fortune: so that (Dec. 12.) he was sent for, and the same day, not long after his son, committed to the Tower. Divers persons also were examined concerning his affairs. Mrs. Elizabeth Holland being disposed, confess'd, that the duke had told her, that none of the king's council loved him, because they were no noblemen born themselves; as also because he believ'd too truly in the sacrament of the altar. Moreover, that the king loved him not, because he was too much lov'd in his country; but that he would follow his father's lesson, which was. that the less others set by him, the more he would set by himself. As also, that the duke complain'd that he was not of the most secret (or, as it is there term'd, the privy) council. And that the king was much grown of his body, and that he could not go up and down the stairs, but was let up and down by a device. And that his majesty was sickly, and could not long endure; and the rea.lm like to be in an ill case thro' diversity of opinions. And that if he were a young man, and the realm in quiet, he would ask leave to see the vernacle; which he said, was the picture of Christ given to women by himself as he went to death. As touching his arms, that she had not heard the duke speak of his own, but of his son's, that he liked them not, and that he had gather'd them, himself knew not from whence; and that he placed the Norfolk's arms wrong, and had found fault with him: and therefore that she should take no pattern of his son's arms to work them with her needle in his house, but as he gave them. Furthermore, she confess'd that the Earl of Surrey lov'd her not, nor the Dutchess of Richmond him; and that she addicted herself much to the said dutchess.

Mary Dutchess of Richmond being examin'd, confess'd that the duke her father wou'd have had her marry Sir Thomas Seymour, brother to the Earl of Hertford, which her brother also desir'd, wishing her withal to endear her self so into the king's favour, as she might the better rule here as others had done; and that she refused: and that her father would have had the Earl of Surrey to have matched with the Earl of Hertford's daughter, which her brother likewise heard of (and that this was the cause of his father's displeasure) as taking Hertford to be his enemy. And that her brother was so much incens'd against the said earl, as the duke his father said thereupon, his son would lose as much as he had gather'd together.

Letters and Papers 1535. 14 Jan 1535. 48. Nothing is known about news from Ireland, except that about three days ago Cromwell delivered a good sum of money to two Irishmen, and said to some who were present that they had already taken one of the principal of those who had caused trouble there, and that Kildare would be taken and brought hither in a few days. Cromwell also mentioned that the king of France was raising lanceknights about Lorraine and the county of Montbeliard. Kildare has long been threatened, and will take as good care of himself as hitherto. It is true many fear that his men may betray him if he has not money to maintain them. I am told by a good man that about 60 English harquebusiers had entered some tower, but were surprised and driven out by Kildare, leaving their arms behind. I hear the King and Council are much disappointed at hearing nothing from France on the subject of the negotiations between the King and the Admiral (age 43), and they fear some intelligence with your Majesty. The King hopes that at an interview with Francis, which he reckons will be very soon, he will break off all other understandings. And to persuade Francis the better to this assembly, in order that he may not excuse himself, as last year, I am told that the King has come to no determination on any of the matters proposed by the Admiral (age 43), but put off his answer till the meeting. That was the answer given (among other things) as to the marriage of this princess with the duke of Angouleme; which the Admiral (age 43), I am told, took very ill; and still worse what occurred at the feast the King gave him on the eve of his departure, when he, being seated next the Lady (age 34), while they were dancing, she burst into a fit of incontrollable laughter without any occasion. The Admiral (age 43) frowned, and said, "What, madam, do you laugh at me?" On which she excused herself by saying it was because the King had told her he was going to ask for the Admiral's (age 43) secretary to amuse her, and that the King had met on the way a lady who made him forget the matter. I don't know if the excuse was accepted as satisfactory. The King, on the other hand, and the Lady were much disappointed that the Admiral (age 43) showed no pleasure at any attention that was shown to him, even at the Tower of London and the Ordnance.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1530-1539. 28 Apr 1535. This yeare, the 28 of Aprill, 1535, being Weddensdaye, were arreigned at Westminster in the Kings Benche (the Lord Chauncellor sittinge there as Highe Commissioner, with the moste parte of the nobles of the realme and the judges allso)^a three munckes of the Charterhowsse, one beinge Prioure of the Charterhowsse in London named Mr. John Houghton (age 48), another named Mr. Robarte Lawrence,^b prioure of a place in Lincolneshire, and sometyme chaplein to the Duke of Northfolke (age 62) now being, and the third^c prioure of a place in Northamptonshire, and one, Richarde Reynold,^d a brother of the monasterie of Syon, and two priests allso, one beinge Vicare of Thistleworth^e in the shire of Middlesex, and this day were all endicted of highe treason against the Kinge; and the morrowe after, beinge the 29th of Aprill, all the saide persons appeared there agayne, the Lords beinge agayne present; and there their inditements being redd afore them, a jurie of esquiers and gentlemen of Middlesex were swome to passe on them, and incontinent gave verditt of them beinge guiltie of the same treason, whereupon the Lorde Cheefe Justice of Englande gave sentence on them, which was: that the saide muncks and priests should goe from thence to the place they came from, which was the Tower of London, and from thence to be drawen throughe London to Tiburne [Map], and there to be hanged, and beinge aly ve cutt downe, their bowells to be brent afore them, and then their heades to be cutt of and theyr bodies to be quartered, and then their heades and bodies to be sett at suche places^f as the King should assigne them.

. And the 4th day of May followinge, being Tewsday in the Rogation week, the parties aforesayde were drawne from the Tower to Tybome [Map], and there had execution as afore is written, savinge the other priest called Jo. Ferne, who had his pardon delyvered him on the Tower Hill, and so was quitt.

Note a. It was with the full approral of his Council that Henry VIII took the resolution of executing the laws without mercy against such as impugned his spiritual authority.

Note b. Thomas Laurence, Prior of Hexham. — Stow.

Note c. Augustine Webster, Prior of "Bevall."— Stow.

Note d. Richard Reginalds, doctor, a monk of Sion.— Stow.

Note e. John Haile, Vicar of Isleworth.

Note f. Their heads and quarters were set on the gates of the City all sare one quarter, which was set on the Charterhouse at London.-Stow.

Letters and Papers 1535. 05 May 1535. 666. The enormity of the case, and the confirmation it gives of the hopelessness of expecting the King to repent, compels me to write to your Majesty that yesterday there were dragged through the length of this city three Carthusians and a Bridgettine monk, all men of good character and learning, and cruelly put to death at the place of execution, only for having maintained that the Pope was the true Head of the universal Church, and that the King had no right in reason or conscience to usurp the sovereign authority over the clergy of this country. This they had declared to Cromwell, of their free will, about three weeks ago, in discharge of their own consciences and that of the King; and on Cromwell pointing out the danger, and advising them to reconsider it before the matter went further, they replied they would rather die a hundred times than vary. Eight days ago the duke of Norfolk sat in judgment on them, as the King's representative, assisted by the Chancellor and Cromwell, and the ordinary judges of the realm, and the knights of the Garter who had been at the feast (solempnite) of St. George. The monks maintained their cause most virtuously. No one being able to conquer them in argument, they were at last told that the statute being passed they could not dispute it, and that if they would not alter their language they were remanded till next day to hear their sentence. Next day, in the same presence, they were strongly exhorted to recant, and after a long discussion they were sentenced by lay judges and declared guilty of treason. Nothing was said about degrading them, or changing their habits. And the same fate has overtaken a priest for having spoken and written concerning the life and government of this King. It is altogether a new thing that the dukes of Richmond and Norfolk, the earl of Wiltshire, his son, and other lords and courtiers, were present at the said execution, quite near the sufferers. People say that the King himself would have liked to see the butchery; which is very probable, seeing that nearly all the Court, even those of the Privy Chamber, were there— his principal chamberlain, Norres, bringing with him 40 horses; and it is thought that he was of the number of five who came thither accoutred and mounted like Borderers (accoustrez et monstez comme ceulx des frontieres descosse), who were armed secretly, with vizors (?) before their faces, of which that of the duke of Norfolk's brother got detached, which has caused a great stir (que esbranle grandemen laffairez), together with the fact that while the five thus habited (vestuz et bouchez) were speaking all those of the Court dislodged.

Letters and Papers 1535. 09 Sep 1535. R. O. 312. The Fellows of Magdalene College, Oxford, to Cromwell.

We have received the good and wholesome device directed to us by the King for the reformation of study, and cannot thank you sufficiently for setting it forward. Whereas our youth were heretofore brought up very corruptly for lack of the Greek tongue, and were so blindly instructed in the principles of logic that they could not tell whereabout they went when they learned, or what profit they got by it; after a great loss of time now they have that way and order prescribed to them, that in a few years this town, that hath hitherto been rejected as a place that maintained no learning nor profited the public weal shall be able to bring forth those that shall serve the Prince and the community. Although, in consequence of the labor of certain others that have always been led in this ignorance, and will see no better way, your commissioners have suspended some of these articles until the statutes be examined, we, who are the greater part, desire you not to give ear to sinistral information, for there is nothing in our statutes prohibiting these ordinances, but what allows "a lecture of Greek to be read to the company as the abolishment of their sophistry, Duns, and such like stuff, you so appointing who knoweth what you do in this thing better than they the contrary that would stop it." Although our college is well provided with lectures, it can provide a competent stipend for a Greek lecture. If among so great a number as we be in this college, other corrupt glosses of Duns should continue, and the study of Greek be neglected, a great part of the youth of this university would be deprived of the ordinance you have provided for them. If children and other young company be let to run to seek better learning abroad out of their own house, in other colleges, besides the danger in the time of plague, they will not return again without loss of time. We hope, therefore, you will continue beneficial to us in seeing these ordinances put in force. Oxford, Magdalene College, 9 Sept. Signed by 20 fellows.

Pp. 3. Add.: Secretary. Endd.

Letters and Papers 1535. 10 Sep 1535. R. O. St. P. ii. 278. 331. William Brabazon to Cromwell.

Since Thomas Fitzgerald's departure, his followers and all his uncles are returned home. If the traitor ever comes back, the King's cost is wasted. His advice is "to discharge this land of all the sect of them." The Deputy is going to Dungarvan Castle, and before him have gone the Lord Treasurer, lord Leonard's company, and Sir John Seyntlaw with his retinue. They will be at the castle on Monday next, and make a running assault. Hears that Seyntlaw has been sent for to England. The King can evil spare him here, though it is more to his profit to be in England. Lord Leonard should come speedily, for the good ordering of the army.

Rides with the Chief Justice about the King's lands, which are most wasted. Advises the banishment of the Tooles, the Burnes, the Cavenaghs, and McMargho and his sect.

The present Lord Deputy is a good man of war, but not quick enough for this country, and somewhat covetous. Advises his recall. Does not think the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, who is now with Cromwell, fit for the office. The lord of Kilmenen would be the best man. Divers abbots and priors in England have great revenues of spiritualties here, which should be put to houses of religion, and the King to have temporal lands for them. Reminds Cromwell that the King should have the temporalities of the bishop of Dublin, who can have spiritual lands for them. By this means and attainders, the King will have 4,000 marks a year more. Thinks the commonalty here to be very true people and conformable to all good order. The Deputy intends to hinder the Chief Justice and Master of the Rolls of Ireland by writing to his friends in England; which were pity, seeing the pains they take in the King's affairs here. Does not now think 500 kerne necessary, but retained them for a time, that they might not be enemies. The captains are all in good health, notwithstanding the plague. Hears my lady of Kildare (age 38) has a book of the late earl of Kildare's lands. Cromwell should get it and send it hither. 10 Sept. Signed.

Add.: Mr. Secretary. Endd.

Letters and Papers 1535. 24 Sep 1535. 431. Randall Tytley to Cromwell.

Petition stating that he has been a prisoner five years in Bread Street Counter [Map]; "and now of late one Mr. Broke was at the said Counter with charity from your good mastership, demanding of the prisoners how they were ordered, and commanded them, if they were not well ordered, to write to your good mastership for remedy."

Wrote accordingly the constitutions of the same Counter, and sent it to Mr. Brooke, to present to Cromwell; for doing which the keeper sent him to Newgate, where he is likely to die of the sickness of the house. At Bread Street every man pays for his bed, "some 4d., some 2d., if they be feather beds, and a mattress 1d.; " and if the prisoner wear any irons, he pays double; so that his beds, one week with another, amount to 30s. a year; although all the beds in the prison are scarcely worth one week's lodging; whereas the custom of the city is but a penny for the best feather bed within the prison, and ½d. for a mattrass, and if they complain they are sent to Newgate. If the friends of the prisoners bring them any charity, as bread, drink, cheese, &c., the keeper will suffer none to come to them, lest it hinder his own custom. If a prisoner come in for debt for £5 or above, he is forced to agree with his keeper at an exorbitant rate beyond his power; and if any one be in arrear for one night's lodging, and though he be able to pay when his friends come to him, he is thrust into the hole, and kept till he has sold all his clothes, and then there is no remedy but to Newgate with him, which has been the murder of many a tall man and true, able to do the King service. Moreover, if a man, after remaining long in prison, be released by the pity of his creditors, he is still detained for 8d., the keeper's fee of the door. The tapster also pays 6s. 8d. on every barrel, and is compelled to find the prisoners candles, which, on an average, cost 12d. a week; but the keeper pays only 3s. a barrel.

Large paper, pp. 2. Add.: Secretary.

Letters and Papers 1535. Nov 1535. R. O. 913. Richard Gylham to Mr. Porter.¹

I have buried four persons of pestilence since Saturday, and I have one more to bury today. Yesterday I was in the house where the plague is very sore, and therefore dare not come to Mr. Auditor. I send a copy of my patent from the prior and convent of Moche Malverne for him to see. Whatever way he takes with the lease I will stand to it.

The charges which the prior and convent should pay out of the vicarage of Moche Malverne are as follows:—To the vicar of Malverne, all manner of charges discharged to the King and the ordinary, £8 To the archdeacon, for proxy at Easter, 9s. 5½d., and for synnage money, 12d. To the bishop of Worcester:—for the Communion at Easter, six gallons of wine 6s., bread 5d.; for the Communion through the whole year, 8s. 2d. These are all the charges which I as yet pay, except the archdeacon, for he is unpaid for five years.

Some years the vicarage is not worth £6 13s. 4d. The prior should pay me £8 yearly, and discharge me of 16s. to the King for my tenths. "I was not very well since I was in the house where the plague was." Moch Malverne, this present day of November.

The whole sum that goeth out with the vicar's wages is £9 14s. 6d. There is 16s. more which the King should pay for the prior to me.

Hol., pp. 2.

Note 1. There is no clear indication of the date of this document except that it was written in a plague year. From the reference to the bishop of Worcester, however, it was probably not during the time Ghinucci held that bishopric. Gylham was "curate" (i.e., vicar of Much Malvern,) in 1585. SeeValor Eccl. iii. 246.

Letters and Papers 1535. 06 Jun 1535. Add. MS. 8715. f. 67 b. B. M. 837. Bishop of Faenza to M. Ambrogio.

* * * Spoke at length to the French king of the Pope's concern about Fisher (Rossense instead of Roffense), and begged him to use his influence with the king of England for his liberation, for he ought to be able to obtain a greater thing than that from him. He replied that there was no need to speak of his virtues, which were known to all the world, both by his books, for no one had written better than he against the Lutherans, and by his innumerable virtues. His Holiness might be sure he would do what he could for his liberation; but he doubted his success, for he feared this hat would cause him much injury, according to what he heard from England, where they have been using strange methods against the Carthusians. He added that the king of England was the hardest friend to bear in the world; at one time unstable, and at another time obstinate and proud, so that it was almost impossible to bear with him. "Sometimes," said Francis, "he almost treats me like a subject, e vero dico che come mi rolte anch' in egli caglia: in effect, he is the strangest man in the world, and I fear I can do no good with him, but I must put up with him, as it is no time to lose friends" He would, however, do what he could for Fisher's (Rossetto) liberation. Offered to give the King the brief and hat for Fisher, and that all should be put in the Grand Master's hands, so that it might be done sooner according to the Pope's William He told the Bishop to keep them, and he would be asked for them when it was time. The card. du Bellay (il Rmo. Bellier) has also promised to do what he can, but he fears this Cardinalate will make Fisher a martyr. They will try to find some means to make the king of England take it as he ought.

Will lose no time, and do all he can for his liberation. Would rather see Fisher in Rome than be a cardinal himself, for he hears on every side that his virtue is not less than what the world wants now, "ne sua Beatitudine potra fare in queste bande cosa piu degna di lei."

Letters and Papers 1535. 14 Jun 1535. R. O. St. P. i. 431. 867. Bishop Fisher (age 65) and Sir Thomas More (age 57).

"Interrogatories ministered on the King's behalf [unto] John Fisher, D.D., late bishop [of Rochester]," in the Tower of London, 14 June 27 Hen. VIII., by Mr. Thomas Bedyll, [Dr. Aldridge,] Ric. Layton, and Ric. [Curwen], of the King's Council, in presence of Harry [Polstede and John] Whalley, and of John Ap Rice, notary public; with Fisher's answers.

1. Whether he would obey the King as Supreme Head of the Church of England? —He stands by the answer he made at his last examination, but will write with his own hand more at length.

2. Whether he will acknowledge the King's marriage with queen Anne to be lawful, and that with the lady Katharine to be invalid?—He would obey and swear to the Act of Succession; but desires to be pardoned answering this interrogatory absolutely.

3. For what cause he would not answer resolutely to the said interrogatories?—He desires not to be driven to answer, lest he fall in danger of the statutes.

Signed by John ap Rice as notary: J. R. Mutilated.

ii. Interrogatories ministered to Sir Thomas More.

1. Whether he had any communication with any person since he came to the Tower touching the Acts of Succession, of Supreme Head, or the Act wherein speaking certain words by (i.e. of) the King is made treason; and, if so, when, how often, with whom, and to what effect?

2. Whether he received letters of any man, or wrote to any, touching any of the said Acts; and, if so, how many, of whom, &c.

3. Whether these letters are forthcoming; and, if not, why they were done away, and by whose means?

4. Whether any man of this realm or without this realm sent him any letters or message exhorting him to persist in his opinion; and, if so, how many, of whom, when, and to what effect?

iii. The answers of Sir Thomas More to interrogatories ministered to him, 14 June 27 Hen. VIII., within the Tower of London, before Mr. Bedle, Dr. Aldridge, Dr. Layton, Dr. Curwen, in the presence of Polstede, Whalley and Rice aforesaid.

1. Never had any communication of such matters since he came to the Tower.

2. Had written divers scrolls or letters since then to Dr. Fisher, and received others from him, containing for the most part nothing but comforting words and thanks for meat and drink sent by one to the other. But about a quarter of a year after his coming to the Tower he wrote to Fisher, saying he had refused the oath of succession, and never intended to tell the Council why; and Fisher made him answer, showing how he had not refused to swear to the Succession. No other letters passed between them touching the King's affairs till the Council came to examine this deponent upon the Act of Supreme Head; but after his examination he received a letter of Fisher, desiring to know his answer. Replied by another letter, stating that he meant not to meddle, but fix his mind upon the passion of Christ; or that his answer was to that effect. He afterwards received another letter from Fisher, stating that he was informed the word maliciously was used in the statute, and suggesting that, therefore, a man who spoke nothing of malice did not offend the statute. He replied that he agreed with Fisher, but feared it would not be so interpreted. Did not report to Fisher his answer to the Council with the advice to make his own answer different lest the Council should suspect confederacy between them. After his last examination sent Fisher word by a letter, that Mr. Solicitor had informed him it was all one not to answer, and to say against the statute what a man would, as all the learned men of England would justify. He therefore said he could only reckon on the uttermost, and desired Fisher to pray for him as he would for Fisher.

Also considering that it would come to the ears of his daughter, Mr. Roper's wife, how the Council had been with him, and other things might be reported which would cause her to take sudden flight, and fearing that, being, as he thought, with child, she might take harm, he sent to her, both after his first examination and after his last, letters telling her the answers he had given, and that he could not tell what the end might be, but whatever it were he prayed her to take it patiently and pray for him. She had written him before divers letters advising him to accommodate himself to the King's pleasure, especially urging this in her last. Other letters he neither sent nor received from any person. George, the lieutenant's servant, carried the letters to and fro.

3. There is none of these letters forthcoming, where he knoweth. He would have had George to keep them, and George always said there was no better keeper than the fire. When he saw this he desired George to let some trusty friend read them, and if he saw any matter of importance in them he might report it to the Council and get thanks before any man, otherwise that he should deliver them. But George said he feared his master, the lieutenant, who had ordered him not to meddle with such matters, and so burned them.

4. No.

Examined further, why he sent the said letters to Dr. Fisher? Replies that as they were both in one prison, and for one cause, he was glad to send to him, and hear from him again.

Signed as above: J. R.

iv. Interrogatories ministered to Sir Thomas More, the day, year, and place above recited, by the Council aforenamed, and in presence of the said witnesses; with his answers.

1. Whether he would obey the King as Supreme Head?—He can make no answer.

2. Whether he will acknowledge the King's marriage with queen Anne to be lawful, and that with lady Katharine invalid?—Never spoke against it, "nor thereunto [can] make no answer."

3. Where it was objected to him that by the said statute he, as one of the King's subjects, is bound to answer the said question, and re[cogni]se the King as Supreme Head, like all other subjects.—He can make no answer.

Notarial signature mutilated.

Mutilated.

All the above papers are in the same hand, and form one document.

Letters and Papers 1535. 16 Jun 1535. Vienna Archives. 876. Chapuys to Charles V.

This morning I received your letters of the 29th ult. concerning your embarkation. At the same time the ambassador of France here resident has heard from the sieur de Vely that your Majesty intended to go straight to Constantinople, without stopping at Tunis, against Barbarossa, not to lose the season and opportunity so convenient for reconquering Constantinople and the rest of Greece; that to this you were induced by the persuading of the Venetian ambassador, who undertook that the said Barbarossa should do no injury to Christendom. These news the said Ambassador has communicated to several persons, and, among others, to the Venetian secretary, who is ViceAmbassador here, whom, as he himself reported to me, the said Ambassador sent for this morning to inform him. It is probable these news have not been invented or published without some hidden purpose (mistére).

As soon as this King heard that the Bishop of Rochester (age 65) had been created a cardinal he declared in anger several times that he would give him another hat, and send the head afterwards to Rome for the Cardinal's hat. He sent immediately afterwards to the Tower those of his Council to summon again the said Bishop and Master Mur (age 57) to swear to the King as Head of the Church, otherwise, before St. John's Day they would be executed as traitors. But it has been impossible to gain them, either by promises or threats, and it is believed they will soon be executed. But as they are persons of unequalled reputation in this kingdom, the King, to appease the murmurs of the world, has already on Sunday last caused preachers to preach against them in most of the churches here, and this will be continued next Sunday; and although there is no lawful occasion to put them to death, the King is seeking if anything can be found against them,—especially if the said Bishop has made suit for the hat; to find out which several persons have been taken prisoners, both of his kinsmen and of those who kept him in prison. It is impossible to describe the distress of the Queen and Princess on account of these two persons, and they are not without fear that after them matters may be carried further than I have hitherto written (que apres iceulx le sort pourroil passer plus avant que jay cydevant escript). Since the said news of the Bishop's creation as cardinal, the King, in hatred of the Holy See, has despatched mandates and letters patents to the bishops, curates, and others commissioned to preach, that they continually preach certain articles against the Church, and to schoolmasters to instruct their scholars to revile apostolic authority, and this under pain of rebellion; also that the Pope's name should be rased out of all mass books, breviaries, and hours, either in the calendar or elsewhere. It was also commanded that in all churches the Gospels should be read in French (qu. English?) to infect all the people with Lutheranism, and make them more obstinate in repelling any foreign invasion. The King, so far as I see, is not only provoked at the said Bishop being made cardinal, but also at the bishop of Paris, in whom he had always had great confidence, because previous to this creation he was considered a bad Papist. He has also no great pleasure in the Auditor of the Chamber, and to soothe him the Lady lately made him a feast in a house of hers, where she got up several fine mummeries. She invited many, and the French ambassador was not pleased at being forgotten. The said Lady had so well banquetted and mummed, that, as the Princess has sent this day to inform me, the King dotes upon her more than ever; which increases greatly the fear of the said Princess, owing to the long delay of the remedy, which, it is the universal opinion, would be sure and easy if your Majesty prohibited intercourse with your countries, provided affairs would admit of it. This a number of good and notable persons have compelled me to repeat.

Letters and Papers 1535. 04 Jul 1535. Add. MS. 8,715, f. 84b, B. M. 985. Bishop of Faenza to M. Ambrosio.

Wrote from Amiens on the 25th about the fears for Fisher (deceased). The King's impiety has gone so far that on the 22nd ult. he had him beheaded publicly at the Tower, and his body left there all day for a public show. Hears that "Gramuel" went to him in prison, and told him that the bishop of Rome had created him one of his companions, and the King had sent him to know what was his opinion about it. He replied that honor was not in his thoughts now, and he thought only of the mercy of God, whose his soul was, though his body was in the King's power, who could do what he liked with it, but he would not change his opinion, believing that it was right. "Gramuel" then announced to him the day of his death. He was conducted on a mule, wearing a black cloth vest and cap tied under his chin, to the square (piazza), where he had to wait for an hour because the scaffold was not in order. And although, as the Admiral says, from age and suffering he was more like a shadow than a man, he spoke to the people boldly, telling them to be loving and obedient to their King, who was good by nature, but had been deceived in this matter; that he was led to death for wishing to preserve the honor of God and the Holy See; at which he did not grieve, but was content, for it was the will of God. Hears now from the English ambassador that he only said, that being of flesh, which naturally feared death, and knowing that Peter three times denied Christ through fear of death, and having always had the mind to die, if necessary, for the love of Christ and his Holy Church, now that he was come to it, he begged all present to pray to God to grant constancy and firmness to his fragile flesh to suffer cheerfully his approaching punishment. The Admiral had heard that he was quartered according to the sentence; but the English ambassador says that he was merely beheaded, "per grandissima gratia ottenuta dal furore infinito in questo di quel Re;" who finally was content that his body should be buried in the evening. The cause of his death is rumoured in England to have been his writing evil of the King to Thomas More (age 57), who was also in prison. And they had caused it to be said to his face by one of his chaplains that he had written to More against the King on a bit of wood with a needle, having neither paper nor ink. More (age 57) is thought to be already executed, or, at least, condemned to death with perhaps thirty other virtuous persons, religious and secular; so that we now see clearly that the tragedy will go far, and that there is no hope of good from the King.