Berwick on Tweed [Map]

Berwick on Tweed is in Berwick on Tweed Region.

1296 Capture of Berwick

1314 Battle of Bannockburn

1319 Siege of Berwick

1328 Marriage of King David II of Scotland and Princess Joan

1330 Battle of Teba

1333 Battle of Halidon Hill

1463 Siege of Norham Castle

1482 Capture of Berwick

1503 Margaret Tudor's Journey to Scotland

1603 Arrival of Anne of Denmark

Flowers of History. 1071. In the same year, king William (age 43) invaded Scotland with a great army, and Malcolm, king of Scotland (age 39), came peaceably to Berwick [Map] to meet him, and became his subject. At this time, count Ranulph of Micenis governed the earldom of Carlisle, who had given efficacious assistance to king William in his conquest of England. He began to build the city of Carlisle [Map], and to strengthen the citizens with many privileges. But when king William was returning from Scotland through Cumberland, seeing so royal a city, he took it from count Ranulph, and gave him instead of it the earldom of Chester, which was endowed with many honours and privileges. And king William commanded Carlisle to be fortified with very strong towers and ramparts. Moreover, king William the Conqueror, on his return from Scotland, built a new castle at Durham [Map], to serve as a protection against the irruptions of the Scots.

On 01 Aug 1235 Gilbert Marshal 4th Earl Pembroke (age 38) and Marjorie Dunkeld Countess Pembroke (age 35) were married at Berwick on Tweed [Map]. She by marriage Countess Pembroke. She the daughter of William "Lion" I King Scotland and Ermengarde Beaumont Sarthe Queen Consort Scotland. He the son of William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke and Isabel Clare Countess Pembroke. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.

On 25 Oct 1292 Bishop Robert Burnell (age 53) died at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

1296 Capture of Berwick

On 30 Mar 1296 Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford (age 21) captured Berwick on Tweed [Map] from William "Hardy" Douglas 2nd Lord Douglas (age 56). Richard Cornwall (age 44) was killed during the course of the siege.'When the town had been taken in this way and its citizens had submitted, Edward spared no one, whatever the age or sex, and for two days streams of blood flowed from the bodies of the slain, for in his tyrannous rage he ordered 7,500 souls of both sexes to be massacred. So that mills could be turned by the flow of their blood.' - Account of the Massacre of Berwick, from Bower's Scotichronicon.

On 20 Sep 1305 Nigel Bruce (age 29) was hanged at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

Battle of Bannockburn

Froissart. FIRST, the better to enter into the matter of this honourable and pleasant history of the noble Edward king of England (age 1), who was crowned at London the year of our Lord God MCCCXXVI., on Christmasday, living the king his father and the queen his mother, it is certain that the opinion of Englishmen most commonly was as then, and oftentimes it was seen in England after the time of king Arthur, how that between two valiant kings of England there was most commonly one between them of less sufficiency both of wit and of prowess: and this was right well apparent by the same King Edward the third (age 1); for his grandfather, called the good king Edward the first, was right valiant, sage, wise and hardy, adventurous and fortunate jn all feats of war, and had much ado against the Scots, and conquered them three or four times; for the Scots could never have victory nor endure against him: and after his decease his son of his first wife, who was father to the said good king Edward the third, was crowned king and called Edward the second (age 30), who resembled nothing to his father in wit nor in prowess, but governed and kept his realm right wildly, and ruled himself by sinister counsel of certain persons, whereby at length he had no profit nor land, as ye shall hear after; for anon after he was crowned, Robert Bruce king of Scotland, who had often before given much ado to the said good king Edward the first, conquered again all Scotland, and brent and wasted a great part of the realm of England, a four or five days' journey within the realm at two times, and discomfited the king and all the barons of England at a place in Scotland called Stirling [Map], by battle arranged the day of Saint John Baptist, in the seventh year of the reign of the same king Edward, in the year of our Lord MCCCXIV. The chase of this discomfiture endured two days and two nights, and the king of England (age 30) went with a small company to London and on mid-lent Sunday in the year of our Lord MCCCXVI. The Scots won again the city of Berwick [Map] by treason; but because this is no part of our matter, I will leave speaking thereof.

In Jun 1319 Robert "Peacock of the North" Neville (age 32) was killed by James "Black" Douglas (age 33) in single combat at Berwick on Tweed [Map]. He was buried at St Brandon's Church, Brancepeth.

In Jun 1319 Ralph Neville 2nd Baron Neville of Raby (age 28) was captured at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

Siege of Berwick

In Sep 1319 Goronwy ap Tudur Hen Tudor fought at Berwick on Tweed [Map] during the Siege of Berwick.

Marriage of King David II of Scotland and Princess Joan

On 17 Jul 1328 King David II of Scotland (age 4) and Joan of the Tower Queen Consort Scotland (age 7) were married at Berwick on Tweed [Map]. She the daughter of King Edward II of England and Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 33). He the son of Robert "The Bruce" I King Scotland (age 54) and Elizabeth Burgh Queen Consort Scotland.

Battle of Teba

Froissart. 25 Aug 1330. Battle of Teba. And within a while after that this knight sir William Douglas (age 44) was come to the king of Spain (age 19), on a day the king issued out into the field to approach near to his enemies. And the king of Granade issued out in like wise on his part, so that each king might see other with all their banners displayed. Then they arranged their battles each against other. Then sir William Douglas (age 44) drew out on the one side with all his company, to the intent to shew his prowess the better. And when he saw these battles thus ranged on both parties, and saw that the battle of the king of Spain (age 19) began somewhat to advance toward their enemies, he thought then verily that they should soon assemble together to fight at hand strokes; and then he thought rather to be with the foremost than with the hindermost, and strake his horse with the spurs, and all his company also, and dashed into the battle of the king of Granade, crying, 'Douglas! Douglas!' weening to him the king of Spain (age 19) and his host had followed, but they did not; wherefore he was deceived, for the Spanish host stood still. And so this gentle knight (age 44) was enclosed, and all his company, with the Saracens, whereas he did marvels in arms, but finally he could not endure, so that he and all his company were slain. The which was great damage, that the Spaniards would not rescue them. Also in this season there were certain lords that treated for peace between England and Scotland. So that at the last there was a marriage made and solemnised between the young king of Scotland (age 4) and dame Joan of the Tower (age 7), sister to king Edward of England (age 15), at Berwick [Map], as the English chronicle saith, on Mary Maudlin day [Note. the Feast of Mary Magdalen is 22 Jul?], the year 'of our Lord MCCCXXVIII., against the assent of many of the nobles of the realm. But queen Isabel (age 35) the king's mother and the earl Mortimer (age 43) made that marriage; at the which, as mine author saith, there was great feast made on both parties.

Battle of Halidon Hill

On 19 Jul 1333 King Edward III of England (age 20) defeated the Scots army at the Battle of Halidon Hill near Berwick on Tweed [Map]. John of Eltham 1st Earl Cornwall (age 16) commanded.

English archers, just as at the Battle of Dupplin Moor one year previously, had a significant impact on the massed ranks of Scottish schiltrons. Edward's army included: Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl Norfolk (age 33), who commanded the right wing, Hugh Courtenay 9th Earl Devon (age 56), Robert Pierrepont, Hugh Courtenay 10th Earl Devon (age 30), Henry Beaumont Earl Buchan (age 54) and John Sully (age 50). One of the few English casualties was John Neville (age 34) who was killed.

The Scottish army included King David II of Scotland (age 9). Alexander Bruce, Alan Stewart (age 61), James Stewart (age 57), John Stewart, William Douglas 1st Earl Atholl, Archibald Douglas (age 35) who were all killed.

Hugh 4th Earl Ross (age 36) was killed. His son William 5th Earl Ross succeeded 5th Earl Ross.

Malcolm Lennox 2nd Earl Lennox was killed. His son Domhnall Lennox Earl Lennox succeeded Earl Lennox.

Kenneth de Moravia Sutherland 4th Earl Sutherland was killed. His son William de Moravia Sutherland 5th Earl Sutherland succeeded 5th Earl Sutherland. Johanna Menteith Countess Sutherland by marriage Countess Sutherland.

In 1419 William Clifford (age 44) died at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

1463 Siege of Norham Castle

Around Jun 1463 a Scottish and Lancastrian force, including King James III of Scotland (age 11), his mother Mary of Guelders Queen Consort Scotland (age 29), King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 41) and his wife Margaret of Anjou Queen Consort England (age 33), laid siege to Norham Castle [Map]. They held Norham for eighteen days until a force led by Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 34) and his brother John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 32) advanced to Norham Castle [Map] at which time the Scottish and Lancastrian force fled in panic pursued by the Yorkist army. Margaret of Anjou Queen Consort England (age 33) and her son Edward of Westinster Prince of Wales (age 9) escaped to Berwick on Tweed [Map] and then to the continent. King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 41) remained in Scotland - he and his wife never saw each other again.

Capture of Berwick

On 24 Aug 1482 Edward Stanley 1st Baron Monteagle (age 20) was knighted by King Richard III of England (age 29) at Berwick on Tweed [Map] during the Capture of Berwick.

Margaret Tudor's Journey to Scotland

On 01 Aug 1503 Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 13) crossed the border into Scotland at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

Around 1514 Mary Hastings was born to George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon (age 27) and Anne Stafford Countess Huntingdon (age 31) at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

On 07 Nov 1523 Thomas Gerard (age 35) was killed during the Battle of Berwick at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

Henry Machyn's Diary. 03 Aug 1557. [The iij day of August, in the afternoon, came from the Exchequer about seventeen horses laden with money towards Berwick [Map], and divers men riding with it with javelins and pole-axes, on horseback, and] bowes and sheyffes of arowes, be-twyn viij and [ix of the clock.]

Before 10 Sep 1559 James Hamilton 3rd Earl Arran (age 27) travelled to France at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

In 1560 Arthur Grey 14th Baron Grey of Wilton (age 24) was knighted at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

In 1572 Valentine Browne was elected MP Berwick on Tweed.

On 25 Jun 1601 Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby (age 45) died at Berwick on Tweed [Map]. His son Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey (age 18) succeeded 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. He was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map].

On 15 Feb 1610 Catherine Bertie (age 15) died in childbirth. She was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map].

Monument Elizabethan Period. Tall Sideboard Tomb with reclining hooded figure of Lady Katherine, daughter of Peregrine, with Chrisom Child in the crib at her feet. Above a standing figure of Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby (age 45) in a niche, with strapwork embellishments, all supported on composite columns with a dentilated cornice.

Catherine Bertie: Around 1595 she was born to Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby and Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby Eresby. Sources are confused about her birth year stating she was born in 1610 and that she married in 1609. Date adjusted to around 1595 on the assumption she was married around twenty years of age. Her son died at six days old on 09 Feb 1610. Her father died in 1601. Sources also refer to her as Baroness Rockingham whereas she died some eleven years before her husband was created Baron Rockingham. In 1609 Lewis Watson 1st Baron Rockingham and she were married.

Arrival of Anne of Denmark

On 03 Jun 1603 a number of English noble ladies selected by the Privy Council greeted Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland (age 28) at Berwick on Tweed [Map] with two-hudred horse including ...

Frances Howard Countess Kildare

Elizabeth Hastings Countess of Worcester (age 57)

Philadelphia Carey Baroness Scrope Bolton

Penelope Devereux Countess Devonshire (age 40).

Anne Lady Herbert (age 20)

Audrey Shelton Lady Walsingham (age 34).

In 1638 John Berkeley 1st Baron Berkeley (age 36) was knighted at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

On 27 Jul 1639 Vivian Molyneux (age 43) was knighted by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

In 1679 Ralph Grey 4th Baronet Grey of Werke (age 18) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed which seat he held until 1681.

On 23 Jun 1679 James Thynne was knighted at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

In 1695 Ralph Grey 4th Baronet Grey of Werke (age 34) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed which seat he held until 1698.

On 11 Mar 1723 Henry Neville aka Grey (age 39) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed which seat he held until 1727.

In 1727 General Joseph Sabine (age 66) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed.

In 1740 John Barrington (age 22) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed.

In 1754 John Delaval 1st Baron Delaval (age 25) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed.

In 1765 John Delaval 1st Baron Delaval (age 36) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed.

In 1780 John Delaval 1st Baron Delaval (age 51) was elected MP Berwick on Tweed.

The Devil's Causeway is a Roman Road from the Portgate [Map], where it crossed Dere Street, to Berwick on Tweed [Map]. It passes through Great Whittingham [Map], Hartburn [Map], where it crosses the Hart Burn, Netherwitton [Map], Longhorsley [Map], Brinkburn Priory [Map], whereit crosses the River Coquet, north of North End [Map], Edlingham [Map] to Learchild Roman Fort [Map] where another road headed west to meet Dere Street at Bremenium [Map] aka High Rochester. The road then continues north passing Glanton [Map], Powburn [Map], where it crosses the River Till aka Breamish, the site of the Battle of Hedgeley Moor [Map], Newtown [Map], East Horton [Map], Lowick [Map], Berrington [Map] before reaching Berwick on Tweed [Map].

Berwick Castle

In 1412 Ralph Eure was born to William Eure (age 16) and Maud Fitzhugh (age 21) at Berwick Castle [Map].

Around 18 Feb 1440 William Eure was born to Ralph Eure (age 28) and Eleanor Greystoke (age 24) at Berwick Castle [Map]. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 25 Aug 1568 Henry Carey 1st Baron Hunsdon (age 42) was appointed Governor of Berwick on Tweed.

The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. In which time of his latter days, this realm was in quiet and prosperous estate: no fear of outward enemies, no war in hand, nor none toward, but such as no man looked for; the people toward the Prince, not in a constrained fear, but in a willing and loving obedience; among themselves, the commons in good peace. The lords whom he knew at variance, he himself in his deathbed appeased. He had left all gathering of money (which is the only thing that withdraws the hearts of Englishmen from the prince), nor anything he intended to take in hand by which he should be driven thereunto, for his tribute out of France he had obtained before, and the year foregoing his death he had obtained Berwick Castle [Map]. And although throughout his reign he was with his people so benign, courteous and so familiar that no part of his virtues was more esteemed, yet that condition in the end of his days (in which many princes by a long continued sovereignty decline into a proud port from their debonair behavior at the beginning) marvelously in him grew and increased so far forth that, in the summer, the last that ever he saw, his Highness, being at Windsor hunting, sent for the Mayor and Aldermen of London to him-for no other errand but to have them hunt and be merry with him. Here he treated them not so stately but so friendly and of so familiar cheer, and sent venison from there so freely into the city, that no one thing in many days before got him either more hearts or more hearty favor among the common people, who oftentimes more esteem and take for greater kindness a little courtesy than a great benefit.