Earl Salisbury

Earl Salisbury is in Earldoms of England Alphabetically.

1168 Eleanor Ambushed by Guy de Lusignan

1337 Creation of Earls

1400 Epiphany Rising

1428 Siege of Orléans

1462 Warwick becomes Kingmaker

1471 Battle of Barnet

1478 Execution of George Duke of Clarence

1484 Death of King Richard III's Heir

Earl Salisbury (1st Creation)

Around 1141 Patrick of Salisbury 1st Earl Salisbury (age 19) was created 1st Earl Salisbury.

On 27 Mar 1168 Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 46) and her party were ambushed by brothers Guy I King Jerusalem (age 18) and Geoffrey Lusignan (age 18).

Patrick of Salisbury 1st Earl Salisbury (age 46) was killed. His son William of Salisbury 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 18) succeeded 2nd Earl Salisbury.

William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke (age 22) held off the enemy, was wounded and captured whilst Eleanor escaped. Eleanor subsequently paid his ransom.

Before 1187 William of Salisbury 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 37) and Eleanor Vitre Countess of Salisbury (age 28) were married. She by marriage Countess Salisbury. He the son of Patrick of Salisbury 1st Earl Salisbury and Adela Montgomery Countess of Salisbury and Surrey.

In 1196 William "Longsword" Longespee Earl Salisbury (age 20) and Ela of Salisbury 3rd Countess of Salisbury (age 9) were married. He by marriage Earl Salisbury. She the daughter of William of Salisbury 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 46) and Eleanor Vitre Countess of Salisbury (age 38). He the son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England and Ida Tosny Countess Norfolk (age 40).

In 1196 William of Salisbury 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 46) died. His daughter Ela of Salisbury 3rd Countess of Salisbury (age 9) succeeded 3rd Countess Salisbury.

On 24 Aug 1261 Ela of Salisbury 3rd Countess of Salisbury (age 74) died. She was buried in Lacock Abbey [Map]. Her inscription reads ... Below lie buried the bones of the venerable Ela, who gave this sacred house as a home for the nuns. She also had lived here as holy abbess and Countess of Salisbury, full of good works. Her great granddaughter Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln succeeded 4th Countess Salisbury.

Before 25 Dec 1281 Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury (age 30) and Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln were married. She by marriage Countess Lincoln. He by marriage Earl Salisbury. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

Earl Salisbury (2nd Creation)

In 1337 King Edward III of England (age 24) created a number of new Earldom's probably in preparation for his forthcoming war against France ...

William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury (age 36) was created 1st Earl Salisbury. Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury (age 33) by marriage Countess Salisbury.

William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 27) was created 1st Earl of Northampton. Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton (age 24) by marriage Countess of Northampton.

Hugh Audley 1st Earl Gloucester (age 46) was created 1st Earl Gloucester probably as compensation for his daughter Margaret Audley Countess Stafford (age 19) having been abducted by Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford (age 35).

Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk (age 38) was created 1st Earl Suffolk. Margaret Norwich Countess Suffolk (age 51) by marriage Countess Suffolk.

On 11 Jun 1349 William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury (age 48) died. His son William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 20) succeeded 2nd Earl Salisbury, 4th Baron Montagu. Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 20) by marriage Countess Salisbury.

After 07 Aug 1385 William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 57) and Elizabeth Mohun Countess of Salisbury were married. She by marriage Countess Salisbury. He the son of William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury and Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury.

On 03 Jun 1397 William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 68) died. His nephew John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury (age 47) succeeded 3rd Earl Salisbury, 5th Baron Montagu. Maud Francis Countess of Salisbury (age 33) by marriage Countess Salisbury.

On 07 Jan 1400 at Cirencester, Gloucestershire [Map] Ralph Lumley 1st Baron Lumley (age 40) was beheaded by the townspeople following an unsuccessful attempt to seize the town. Baron Lumley forfeit.

Thomas Holland 1st Duke Surrey (age 26) was beheaded. He had to forfeit the honours and estates he had gained after the arrests of Gloucester and Arundel: Duke Surrey extinct. He retained those he had received before: His brother Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent (age 16) succeeded 4th Earl Kent, 3rd Baron Holand, 8th Baron Wake of Liddell.

John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury (age 50) was captured, tried and beheaded. Earl Salisbury, Baron Montagu, Baron Montagu forfeit.

Bernard Brocas (age 46) was captured.

In 1421 Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury (age 32) was restored 4th Earl Salisbury, 3rd Baron Montagu, 6th Baron Montagu, 5th Baron Monthermer although he had been styled Earl since 1409.

After 1421 Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury (age 32) and Alice Chaucer Duchess Suffolk (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Salisbury. He the son of John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury and Maud Francis Countess of Salisbury (age 57). He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

On 03 Nov 1428 Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury (age 40) died from wounds received at the Siege of Orléans. His daughter Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 21) succeeded 5th Countess Salisbury, 4th Baroness Montagu, 7th Baroness Montagu, 6th Baroness Monthermer. Richard Neville 5th Earl Salisbury (age 28) by marriage Earl Salisbury.

Before 09 Dec 1462 Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 55) died. Her son Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 34) succeeded 6th Earl Salisbury, 5th Baron Montagu, 8th Baron Montagu, 7th Baron Monthermer adding to the earldom of Warwick he had already acquired through his wife some fourteen years previously. The combined earldoms of Warwick and Salisbury made Warwick the second most powerful man in the Kingdom making him Kingmaker.

Letters. 1471. Letter XXXVIII. Anne Countess of Warwick (age 14) to the House of Commons.

To the right worshipful and discreet Commons of this present Parliament.

Sheweth unto your wisdoms and discretions the king's true liege woman, Anne countess of Warwick, which never offended his most redoubted highness; for she, immediately after the death of her lord and husband (age 17) - on whose soul God have mercy - for none offence by her done, but dreading only trouble, being that time within this realm, entered into the sanctuary of Beaulieu [Map] for surety of her person, to dispose for the weal and health of the soul of her said lord and husband, as right and conscience required her so to do; making within five days, or near thereabouts, after her entry into the said sanctuary, her labours, suits, and means to the king's highness for her safeguard, to be had as diligently and effectually as her power would extend. She not ceasing, but after her power continiling in such labours, suits, and means, insomuch that, in absence of clerks, she hath written letters in that behalf to the king's highness with her own hand, and not only making such labours, suits, and means to the king's highness, soothly also to the queen's (age 34) good grace, to my right redoubted lady the king's mother, to my lady the king's eldest daughter, to my lords the king's brethren, to my ladies the king's sisters, to my lady of Bedford (age 56), mother to the queen, and to other ladies noble of this realm; in which labours, suits, and means, she hath continued hitherto, and so will continue, as she owes to do, till it may please the king, of his most good and noble grace, to have consideration that, during the life of her said lord and husband, she was covert baron, which point she remits to your great wisdoms, and that after his decease, all the time of her being in the said sainctuary, she hath duly kept her fidelity and liegeance, and obeyed the king's commandments. Howbeity it hath pleased the king's highness, by some sinister information to his said highness made, to direct his most dread letters to the abbot of the monastery of Beaulieu, with right sharp commandment that such persons as his highness sent to the said monastery should have guard and strait keeping of her person, which was and is to her great heart's grievance, she specially fearing that the privileges and liberties of the church, by such keeping of her person, might be interrupted and violated, where the privileges of the said sanctuary were never so largely attempted unto this time, as is said; yet the said Anne and Countess, under protestations by her made, hath suffered strait keeping of her person and yet doth, that her fidelity and liegeance to the king's highness the better might be understood, hoping she might the rather have had largess to make suits to the king's highness in her own person for her livelihood and rightful inheritance, which livelihood and inheritance, with all revenues and profits thereto pertaining, with her jointure also, and dower of the earldom of Salisbury, fully and wholly hath been restrained from her, from the time of the death of her said lord and husband unto this day. And forasmuch as our sovereign lord the king of his great grace hath set and assembled his high court of Parliament for reformations, right, and equity to all his subjects and liege people duly to be ministered, the said Anne and Countess humbly beseecheth your great wisdom to ponder and weigh in your consciences her right and true title of her inheritance, as the earldom of Warwick and Spencer's lands, to which she is rightfully born by lineal succession, and also her jointure and dower of the earldom of Salisbury aforesaid. And to shew her your benevolence, that by the king's good grace and authority of this his noble Parliament she may to her foresaid livelihood and rightful inheritance duly be restored and it enjoy, as the laws of Almighty God and of this noble realm, right, also, and conscience doth require; beseeching heartily your great goodnesses, in the reverence of Almighty God and of his most blessed mother, will of grace to consider the poor estate she stands in, how in her own person she may not solicit the premises as she would, an she might, nor is of power any sufficient solicitor in this behalf to make; and though she might, as (she; may not, there is none that dare take it upon him; to have also this poor bill in your tender remembrance, that your perfect charity and good will may solicit the eflFect of the same, which to do, her power at this time may not extend. And shall pray and do pray to God for you.

On 14 Apr 1471 Edward IV (age 28) commanded at the Battle of Barnet supported by his brothers George (age 21) and Richard (age 18), John Babington (age 48), Wiliam Hastings (age 40) (commanded), Ralph Hastings, William Norreys (age 30), William Parr (age 37), John Savage (age 49), William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier (age 41), Thomas St Leger (age 31), John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley, 3rd Baron Tuchet (age 45), Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh (age 40), John Scott Comptroller (age 48) and Thomas Strickland.

The Yorkists William Blount (age 29), Humphrey Bourchier (age 40), Humphrey Bourchier (age 36), Henry Stafford (age 46) and Thomas Parr were killed.

The Lancastrians ...

Warwick the Kingmaker (age 42) was killed. Earl Salisbury forfeit on the assumption he was attainted either before or after his death; the date of his attainder is unknown. If not attainted the Earldom may be in abeyance. Baron Montagu and Baron Montagu abeyant between his two daughters Isabel Neville Duchess Clarence (age 19) and Anne Neville Queen Consort England (age 14).

John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 40) was killed. Marquess Montagu extinct. He was buried at Bisham Abbey [Map].

William Tyrrell was killed.

William Fiennes 2nd Baron Saye and Sele (age 43) was killed. His son Henry Fiennes 3rd Baron Saye and Sele (age 25) succeeded 3rd Baron Saye and Sele. Anne Harcourt Baroness Saye and Sele by marriage Baroness Saye and Sele.

Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 40) commanded the left flank, was badly wounded and left for dead, Henry Stafford (age 46) and John Paston (age 27) were wounded, John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford (age 28) commanded, and John Paston (age 29) and William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont (age 33) fought.

Robert Harleston (age 36) was killed.

Thomas Hen Salusbury (age 62) was killed.

Thomas Tresham (age 51) escaped but was subsequently captured and executed on 06 May 1471.

Earl Salisbury (3rd Creation)

In 1472 George York 1st Duke of Clarence (age 22) was created 1st Earl Salisbury.

On 18 Feb 1478 George York 1st Duke of Clarence (age 28) was drowned in a butt of wine (Malmsey) wine in the Bowyer Tower in the Tower of London [Map]. Duke Clarence, Earl Salisbury extinct. "in a butt of Malmsey wine" may refer to 1 a butt full of Malmsey wine or 2 a butt that once contained Malmsey wine that was subsequently re-used for another purpose such as washing or bathing.

William Hussey (age 35) conducted the impeachment of the Duke of Clarence for treason.

Richard, Duke of Gloucester (age 25) succeeded 2nd Earl Richmond.

The only other person known to have been executed, or ritually killed, by drowning in a butt of wine is Muirchertach mac Muiredaig High King of Ireland (as reported by the Annals of Ulster) in his case at Newgrange Passage Tomb [Map].

Earl Salisbury (4th Creation)

Calendars. 15 Feb 1478. Charter to the king's nephew Edward Plantagenet (age 4), first-born son of the said duke (age 25), creating him earl of Salisbury, with remainder to the heirs of his body, and granting to him and his said heirs £20 yearly from the issues of the county of Wilts. Witnesses: Th. cardinal archbishop of Canterbury (age 60), L. archbishop of York (age 58), Th. Bishop of  Lincoln (age 54), the chancellor, J. Bishop of  Rochester, keeper of the privy seal, Richard, duke of Gloucester (age 25), Henry, duke of Buckingham (age 23), Henry, Earl of Essex (age 74), treasurer of England, Anthony Earl of Ryvers (age 38), chief butler of England, and Thomas Stanley of Stanley (age 43), steward of the household, and William Hastynges of Hastynges (age 47), chamberlain of the household, knights. By p.s.

On 09 Apr 1484 Edward York Prince of Wales (age 10) died at Middleham Castle [Map] leaving his father King Richard III of England (age 31) without an heir. Duke Cornwall, Earl Salisbury, Earl Chester extinct.

Earl Salisbury (5th Creation)

In 1605 Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury (age 41) was created 1st Earl Salisbury.

On 24 May 1612 Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury (age 48) died at Marlborough, Wiltshire [Map]. His son William Cecil 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 21) succeeded 2nd Earl Salisbury. Catherine Howard Countess Salisbury by marriage Countess Salisbury.

On 03 Dec 1668 William Cecil 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 77) died. His grandson James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury (age 20) succeeded 3rd Earl Salisbury. Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury by marriage Countess Salisbury.

In Jun 1683 James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury (age 35) died. His son James Cecil 4th Earl Salisbury (age 17) succeeded 4th Earl Salisbury.

On 13 Jul 1683 James Cecil 4th Earl Salisbury (age 17) and Frances Bennett Countess of Salisbury (age 12) were married. She by marriage Countess Salisbury. Her father had left his daughters £20,000 in his will, subject to their not marrying before the age of sixteen or without the consent of those he named, with the proviso that the legacy of a daughter doing so was to be reduced to £10,000. Frances Bennett married Salisbury before she was sixteen, but with the consent of the Executors to the will, and this later led to litigation. He the son of James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury and Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury.

In 1694 James Cecil 4th Earl Salisbury (age 28) died. His son James Cecil 5th Earl Salisbury (age 2) succeeded 5th Earl Salisbury. Anne Tufton Countess of Salisbury by marriage Countess Salisbury.

On 19 Sep 1780 James "Wicked Earl" Cecil (age 66) died. His son James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury (age 32) succeeded 6th Earl Salisbury. Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury (age 30) by marriage Countess Salisbury.

On 13 Jun 1823 James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury (age 74) died. His son James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury (age 32) succeeded 2nd Marquess Salisbury in Wiltshire, 7th Earl Salisbury. Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury (age 17) by marriage Marchioness Salisbury in Wiltshire.

On 23 Feb 1972 Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil 5th Marquess Salisbury (age 78) died. His son Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 6th Marquess of Salisbury (age 55) succeeded 6th Marquess Salisbury in Wiltshire, 11th Earl Salisbury.

On 11 Jul 2003 Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 6th Marquess of Salisbury (age 86) died. His son Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 7th Marquess of Salisbury (age 56) succeeded 7th Marquess Salisbury in Wiltshire, 12th Earl Salisbury.