On this Day in History ... 27th January

27 Jan is in January.

1550 Prayer Book Rebellion

1552 Trial and Execution of Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset and his Supporters

1554 Wyatt's Rebellion

1645 King Charles I Rewards his Supporters

1659 Third Protectorate Parliament

1667 Poll Bill

1688 Buckingham Shrewsbury Duel

1937 Marriage of Duke of Norfolk and Miss Strutt

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 27th January

On 27 Jan 672 Pope Vitalian died.

On 27 Jan 992 Mathilde Carolingian Queen Consort Burgundy (age 49) died.

On 27 Jan 1547 Anne Jagiellon Holy Roman Empress (age 43) died.

On 27 Jan 1550 Humphrey Arundell of Helland (age 37) was executed.

Annales of England by John Stow. 27 Jan 1550. the 27 of January, Humfrey Arundell (age 37) esquire, Thomas Holmes, Winslowe and Bery, captaines of the rebels in Devonshire, were hanged and quartered at Tyboure [Map].

Henry Machyn's Diary. 27 Jan 1552. The xxvijth day of January was reynyd at Westmynster Hall ser Raff a Vane knyght of tresun, and qwyt of hytt, and cast of felony to be hangyd,-the v yer K. E. vjth.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1551. 27 Jan 1552. The 27 of January Sir Raphe Vane, knight, was arraigned at Westminster, and condempned for felony, and had judgment to be hanged.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 27 Jan 1554. [The xxvij day of January the city sent into Kent a great number of men in white coats. The captains to command them, and the rest of their forces, were the duke of Norfolk (age 17), earl of Ormond (age 22), sir George Howard (age 29), [Possibly Hayward] and divers others. But many of the guards, and of the white-coats, deserted] them, and captaynes cam hom a-gayn. Wyatt (age 33) had gotten some of the late king's ordenanse; and so, after their removyng, cam towards Dartford [Map] with ys army towards London.

Note. P. 52. Sir George Howard (age 29) was son of lord Edmund Howard, and one of the brothers of queen Katharine Howard. He was knighted by the duke of Somerset in Scotland in 1547; and in March 1550–1 had a warrant for office of Master of the Henchmen for one whole year. He was appointed to attend upon the young lords sent over the sea as hostages, whereof the earl of Hertford was one. Strype, Mem. ii. 539.

On 27 Jan 1555 Robert Broke was knighted by Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain (age 27).

On 27 Jan 1603 Harbottle Grimston 2nd Baronet was born to Harbottle Grimston 1st Baronet (age 34).

Gunpowder Plot The Effect Of the Indictment. On 27 Jan 1606 the trial of the conspirators took place at Westminster Hall [Map].

The Commissioners were:.

Charles Howard 1st Earl Nottingham (age 70).

Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk (age 44).

Edward Somerset 4th Earl of Worcester (age 56).

Charles Blount 1st Earl Devonshire (age 43).

Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton (age 65).

Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury (age 42).

John Popham (age 75).

Thomas Fleming (age 61).

Peter Warburton (age 66).

The Effect of the Indictment.

Note. We have broken this very lengthy paragraph up into more manageable chunks..

THAT whereas our Sovereign Lord the King (age 39) had, by the Advice and Assent of his Council, for divers weighty and urgent Occasions concerning, his Majesty, the State, and Defence of the Church and Kingdom of England, appointed a Parliament to be holden at his City of Westminster; That Henry Garnet (age 50), Superior of the Jesuits within the Realm of England, (called also by the several names of Wally, Darcy, Roberts, Farmer, and Henry Philips), Oswald Tesmond Jesuit (age 43), otherwise called Oswald Greenwell, John Gerrard Jesuit (age 41), (called also by the several names of Lee and Brooke), Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Gentlemen, Guy Fawkes (age 35) Gent. otherwise called Guy Johnson, Robert Keyes Gent. and Thomas Bates Yeoman, late Servant to Robert Catesby Esquire; together with the said Robert Catesby and Thomas Percy Esquires, John Wright and Christopher Wright Gentlemen, in open Rebellion and Insurrection against his Majesty, lately slain, and Francis Tresham Esq; lately dead; as false Traitors against our said Sovereign Lord the King, did traitorously meet and assemble themselves together; and being so met, the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, did maliciously, falsly, and traitorously move and persuade as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, That our said Sovereign Lord the King, the Nobility, Clergy, and whole Commonalty of the Realm of England, (Papists excepted) were Hereticks; and that all Hereticks were accursed and excommunicate; and that none Heretick could be a King; but that it was lawful and meritorious to kill our said Sovereign Lord the King, and all other Hereticks within this Realm of England, for the Advancing and Enlargement of the pretended and usurped Authority and Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, and for the restoring of the superstitious Romish Religion within this Realm of England.

To which traitorous Persuasions, the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, traitorously did yield their Assents: And that thereupon the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and divers other Jesuits; Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as also the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright and Francis Tresham, traitorously amongst themselves did conclude and agree, with Gunpowder, as it were with one Blast, suddenly, traitorously and barbarously to blow up and tear in pieces our said Sovereign Lord the King, the excellent, virtuous and gracious Queen Anne, his dearest Wife, the most noble Prince Henry, their eldest Son, and future Hope and Joy of England; and the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, the Reverend Judges of the Realm, the Knights, Citizens and Burgesses of Parliament, and divers other faithful Subjects and Servants of the King in the said Parliament, for the Causes aforesaid, to be assembled in the House of Parliament; and all them, without any respect of Majesty, Dignity, Degree, Sex, Age or Place, most barbarously, and more than beastly, traitorously and suddenly to destroy and swallow up.

And further did most traitorously conspire and conclude among themselves, That not only the whole Royal Issue-Male of our said Sovereign Lord the King should be destroyed and rooted out; but that the Persons aforesaid, together with divers other false Traitors, traitorously with them to be assembled, should surprize the Persons of the most noble Ladies Elizabeth and Mary, Daughters of our said Sovereign Lord the King, and falsly and traitorously should proclaim the said Lady Elizabeth to be Queen of this Realm: And thereupon should publish a Proclamation in the name of the said Lady Elizabeth; wherein, as it was especially agreed by and between the said Conspirators, That no mention should be made at the first, of the alteration of Religion established within within this Realm of England; neither would the said false Traitors therein acknowledge themselves to be Authors, or Actors, or Devisers of the aforesaid most wicked and horrible Treasons, until they had got sufficient Power and Strength for the assured Execution and Accomplishment of their said Conspiracy and Treason; and that then they would avow and justify the said most wicked and horrible Treasons, as Actions that were in the number of those, Quae non laudantur, nisi peracta, which be not to be commended before they be done: but by the said feign'd and traitorous Proclamation they would publish, That all and singular Abuses and Grievances within this Realm of England, should, for satisfying of the People, be reform'd.

And that as well for the better concealing, as for the more effectual accomplishing of the said horrible Treasons, as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, by the traitorous Advice and Procurement of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, traitorously did further conclude and agree, that as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, thereupon severally and traitorously should receive several corporal Oaths upon the holy Evangelists, and the Sacrament of the Eucharist, That they the Treasons aforesaid would traitorously conceal and keep secret, and would not reveal them, directly or indirectly, by Words or Circumstances, nor ever would desist from the Execution and final Accomplishment of the said Treasons, without the consent of some three of the aforesaid false Traitors first in that behalf traitorously had: And that thereupon as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christ. Wright, and Francis Tresham, did traitorously take the said several corporal Oaths severally, and did receive the Sacrament of the Eucharist aforesaid, by the Hands of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), John Gerrard (age 41), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), and other Jesuits.

And further, that the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35),Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright,Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, by the like traitorous Advice and Counsel of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), John Gerrard (age 41), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), and other Jesuits, for the more effectual compassing and final execution of the said Treasons, did traitorously among themselves conclude and agree to dig a certain Mine under the said House of Parliament, and there secretly, under the said House, to bestow and place a great Quantity of Gunpowder; and that according to the said traitorous Conclusion, the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomes Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, afterwards secretly, not without great labour and difficulty, did dig and make the said Mine unto the midst of the Foundation of the Wall of the said House of Parliament, the said Foundation being of the thickness of three yards, with a traitorous Intent to bestow and place a great Quantity of Gunpowder in the Mine aforesaid, so as aforesaid traitorously to be made for the traitorous accomplishing of their traitorous Purposes aforesaid.

And that the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, finding and perceiving the said Work to be of great difficulty, by reason of the Hardness and thickness of the said Wall; and understanding a certain Cellar under the said House of Parliament, and adjoining to a certain House of the said Thomas Percy, then to be letten to farm for a yearly Rent, the said Thomas Percy, by the traitorous Procurement, as well of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as of the said Robert Catesby, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, traitorously did hire the Cellar aforesaid for a certain yearly Rent and Term: and then those Traitors did remove twenty Barrels full of Gunpowder out of the said House of the said Thomas Percy, and secretly and traitorously did bestow and place them in the Cellar aforesaid, under the said House of Parliament, for the traitorous effecting of the Treason, and traitorous Purposes aforesaid.

And that afterwards the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes and Thomas Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright traitorously did meet with Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, and Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, Esquires; and traitorously did impart to the said Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, the Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid; and did require the said Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, to join themselves as well with the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, in the Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid; and traitorously to provide Horse, Armour, and other Necessaries, for the better Accomplishment and effecting of the said Treasons.

To which traitorous Motion and Request, the said Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, did traitorously yield their Assents, and as well with the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, in the said Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid, traitorously did adhere and unite themselves: And thereupon several corporal Oaths, in form abovesaid, traitorously did take, and the Sacrament of the Eucharist, by the hands of the said Jesuits did receive, to such intent and Purpose, as is aforesaid; and Horses, Armour, and other Necessaries for the better effecting of the said Treasons, according to their traitorous Assents aforesaid, traitorously did provide.

And that afterwards all the said false Traitors did traitorously provide, and bring into the Cellar aforesaid ten other Barrels full of Gunpowder, newly bought, fearing lest the former Gunpowder, so as aforesaid bestow'd and placed there, was become dankish; and the said several Quantities of: Gunpowder aforesaid, with Billets and Faggots, lest they should be spy'd, secretly and traitorously did cover.

And that afterwards the said false Traitors traitorously provided, and brought into the Cellar aforesaid, four Hogsheads full of Gunpowder, and laid divers great Iron Bars and Stones upon the said four Hogsheads, and the aforesaid other Quantities of Gunpowder: And the said Quantities of Gunpowder, Bars, and Stones, with Billets and Faggots, lest they should be espy'd, secretly and traitorously did likewise cover.

And that the said Guy Fawkes (age 35), afterwards, for a full and final Accomplishment of the said Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid, by the traitorous Procurement, as well of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, John Grant, and Ambrose Rookwood, as of the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, traitorously had prepared, and had upon his Person Touchwood and Match, therewith traitorously to give fire to the several Barrels, Hogsheads, and Quantities of Gunpowder aforesaid, at the time appointed for the Execution of the said horrible Treasons.

And further, that after the said horrible Treasons were, by the great Favour and Mercy of God, in a wonderful manner discover'd, not many hours before it should have been executed, as well the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, John Grant, and Ambrose Rookwood, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, traitorously did fly and withdraw themselves, to the intent traitorously to stir up and procure such Popish Persons, as they could, to join with them in actual, publick and open Rebellion against our said Sovereign Lord the King; and to that end did publish divers feigned and false Rumours, that the Papists Throats should have been cut; and that thereupon divers Papists were in Arms, and in open, publick, and actual Rebellion against our said Sovereign Lord the King, in divers Parts of this Realm of England.

Diary of Isabella Twysden 1645. 27 Jan 1645. NOTE. Mr. John. White was chairman of the Committee of the House of Commons to remove scandalous ministers, which was appointed in 1640. A charge of popery or of loyalty to the King (age 44) was sufficient to secure ejection.

From 27 Jan 1659 the Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session until 22 Apr 1659.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jan 1661. Lord's Day. Before I rose, letters come to me from Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map], telling me that the Princess (age 16) is now well, and my Lord Sandwich (age 35) set sail with the Queen (age 51) and her yesterday from thence for France.

On 27 Jan 1663 George Byng 1st Viscount Torrington was born.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jan 1664. Up and to the office, and at noon to the Coffeehouse, where I sat with Sir G. Ascue (age 48)1 and Sir William Petty (age 40), who in discourse is, methinks, one of the most rational men that ever I heard speak with a tongue, having all his notions the most distinct and clear, and, among other things (saying, that in all his life these three books were the most esteemed and generally cried up for wit in the world "Religio Medici", "Osborne's Advice to a Son2", and "Hudibras"), did say that in these-in the two first principally-the wit lies, and confirming some pretty sayings, which are generally like paradoxes, by some argument smartly and pleasantly urged, which takes with people who do not trouble themselves to examine the force of an argument, which pleases them in the delivery, upon a subject which they like; whereas, as by many particular instances of mine, and others, out of Osborne, he did really find fault and weaken the strength of many of Osborne's arguments, so as that in downright disputation they would not bear weight; at least, so far, but that they might be weakened, and better found in their rooms to confirm what is there said. He shewed finely whence it happens that good writers are not admired by the present age; because there are but few in any age that do mind anything that is abstruse and curious; and so longer before any body do put the true praise, and set it on foot in the world, the generality of mankind pleasing themselves in the easy delights of the world, as eating, drinking, dancing, hunting, fencing, which we see the meanest men do the best, those that profess it. A gentleman never dances so well as the dancing master, and an ordinary fiddler makes better musique for a shilling than a gentleman will do after spending forty, and so in all the delights of the world almost.

Note 1. Sir George Ayscue or Askew (age 48). After his return from his imprisonment he declined to go to sea again, although he was twice afterwards formally appointed. He sat on the court-martial on the loss of the "Defiance" in 1668.

Note 2. Francis Osborne, an English writer of considerable abilities and popularity, was the author of "Advice to a Son", in two parts, Oxford, 1656-8, 8vo. He died in 1659. He is the same person mentioned as "My Father Osborne", October 19th, 1661. B.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jan 1664. Thence to the 'Change [Map], and after doing much business, home, taking Commissioner Pett (age 53) with me, and all alone dined together. He told me many stories of the yard, but I do know him so well, and had his character given me this morning by Hempson, as well as my own too of him before, that I shall know how to value any thing he says either of friendship or other business. He was mighty serious with me in discourse about the consequence of Sir W. Petty's (age 40) boat, as the most dangerous thing in the world, if it should be practised by endangering our losse of the command of the seas and our trade, while the Turkes and others shall get the use of them, which, without doubt, by bearing more sayle will go faster than any other ships, and, not being of burden, our merchants cannot have the use of them and so will be at the mercy of their enemies. So that I perceive he is afeard that the honour of his trade will down, though (which is a truth) he pretends this consideration to hinder the growth of this invention.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jan 1667. Thence I through the garden into the Park, and there met with Roger Pepys (age 49), and he and I to walk in the Pell Mell [Map]. I find by him that the House of Parliament continues full of ill humours, and he seems to dislike those that are troublesome more than needs, and do say how, in their late Poll Bill, which cost so much time, the yeomanry, and indeed two-thirds of the nation, are left out to be taxed, that there is not effectual provision enough made for collecting of the money; and then, that after a man his goods are distrained and sold, and the overplus returned, I am to have ten days to make my complaints of being over-rated if there be cause, when my goods are sold, and that is too late. These things they are resolved to look into again, and mend them before they rise, which they expect at furthest on Thursday next.

On 27 Jan 1669 Gaspar de Crayer (age 84) died.

Evelyn's Diary. 27 Jan 1685. I din'd at Lord Sunderland's (age 43), being invited to heare that celebrated voice of Mr. Pordage, newly come from Rome; his singing was after the Venetian recitative, as masterly as could be, and with an excellent voice both treble and basse; Dr. Walgrave accompanied it with his theorba lute, on which he perform'd beyond imagination, and is doubtlesse orie of the greatest masters in Europe on that charming in strument. Pordage is a priest, as Mr. Bernard Howard (age 44) told me in private. There was in the roome where we din'd, and in his bed-chamber, those incomparable pieces of Columbus, a Flagellation, the Grammar-schoole, the Venus and Adonis of Titian; and of Vandyke's that picture of the late E. of Digby (father of the Countess of Sunderland (age 39)), and Earle of Bedford (age 68), Sr Kenelm Digby, and two Ladys of incomparable performance; besides that of Moses and the burning bush of Bassano, and several other pieces of ye best masters. A marble head of M. Brutus, &c.

Calendars. 27 Jan 1688? Petition of John Bennett, high bailiff of Westminster, to the King, for similar recommendation to Bernard Howard (age 47), Sir John Talbot (age 57), and Sir Robert  Holmes (age 66), who were engaged in the encounter in which William Jenkins was slain, but his Majesty is inclined to pardon them before conviction. [Ibid. No. 94.]

Calendars. 27 Jan 1688. Whitehall. Warrant for a pardon to George, Duke of Buckingham, of all treason, misprision of treason, felony, &c., especially concerning the killing of William Jenkins, and assaults on Francis Earl of Shrewsbury, - or Sir John Talbot (age 57), whether or not they have died or shall die of the same; with non-obstante of the statutes requiring security for good behaviour. [Ibid. No. 90.]

Calendars. 27 Jan 1688. Petition of John Bennett, high bailiff of the city and liberties of Westminster, to the King. By the accidental killing of William Jenkins, in a late duel between the Duke of Buckingham and Earl of Shrewsbury, the Duke forfeits all his goods, chattels, and personal estate to the King, a considerable part of which, being in Westminster, would come to the petitioner; but as he loses it by his Majesty's pardon to the Duke, he begs to be recommended to his Grace for some compensation. [Ibid. No. 93.]

Evelyn's Diary. 27 Jan 1689. Having thus exhausted ourselves rather than this wonderful child, or angel rather, for he was as beautiful and lovely in countenance as in knowledge, we concluded with asking him if, in all he had read or heard of, he had ever met with anything which was like this expedition of the Prince of Orange (age 38), with so small a force to obtain three great kingdoms without any contest. After a little thought, he told us that he knew of nothing which did more resemble it than the coming of Constantine the Great out of Britain, through France and Italy, so tedious a march, to meet Maxentius, whom he overthrew at Pons Milvius with very little conflict, and at the very gates of Rome, which he entered and was received with triumph, and obtained the empire, not of three kingdoms only, but of all the then known world. He was perfect in the Latin authors, spoke French naturally, and gave us a description of France, Italy, Savoy, Spain, ancient and modernly divided; as also of ancient Greece, Scythia, and northern countries and tracts: we left questioning further. He did this without any set or formal repetitions, as one who had learned things without book, but as if he minded other things, going about the room, and toying with a parrot there, and as he was at dinner (tanquam aliua agens, as it were) seeming to be full of play, of a lively, sprightly temper, always smiling, and exceedingly pleasant, without the least levity, rudeness, or childishness.

Evelyn's Diary. 27 Jan 1689. I dined at the Admiralty, where was brought in a child not twelve years old, the son of one Dr. Clench, of the most prodigious maturity of knowledge, for I cannot call it altogether memory, but something more extraordinary. Mr. Pepys (age 55) and myself examined him, not in any method, but with promiscuous questions, which required judgment and discernment to answer so readily and pertinently. There was not anything in chronology, history, geography, the several systems of astronomy, courses of the stars, longitude, latitude, doctrine of the spheres, courses and sources of rivers, creeks, harbors, eminent cities, boundaries and bearings of countries, not only in Europe, but in any other part of the earth, which he did not readily resolve and demonstrate his knowledge of, readily drawing out with a pen anything he would describe. He was able not only to repeat the most famous things which are left us in any of the Greek or Roman histories, monarchies, republics, wars, colonies, exploits by sea and land, but all the sacred stories of the Old and New Testament; the succession of all the monarchies, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, with all the lower Emperors, Popes, Heresiarchs, and Councils, what they were called about, what they determined, or in the controversy about Easter, the tenets of the Gnostics, Sabellians, Arians, Nestorians; the difference between St. Cyprian and Stephen about re-baptism, the schisms. We leaped from that to other things totally different, to Olympic years, and synchronisms; we asked him questions which could not be resolved without considerable meditation and judgment, nay of some particulars of the Civil Laws, of the Digest and Code. He gave a stupendous account of both natural and moral philosophy, and even in metaphysics.

On 27 Jan 1735 Reverend Robert Dymoke of Grebby Hall in Lincolnshire (age 35) drowned in the Chequer Well, Lincoln. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].

Reverend Robert Dymoke of Grebby Hall in Lincolnshire: On or before 17 Oct 1699, the date he was baptised, he was born to Robert Dymoke of Scremby in Lincolnshire.

On 16 Jan 1740 or 27 Jan 1741 Hester Lynch Salusbury (age 1) was born to John Salusbury (age 32) and Hester Lynch Cotton (age 33).

On 27 Jan 1831 Ellen Turner (deceased) was buried at St Oswald's Church, Winwick. The service was performed by Reverend Thomas Hinde. Monument to sculpted by Richard James Wyatt (age 35).

On 27 Jan 1832 Arthur Hughes was born.

On 27 Jan 1850 John Collier was born to Robert Collier 1st Baron Monkswell (age 32) and Isabella Rose Baroness Monkswell (age 35).

On 27 Jan 1859 Wilhelm Hohenzollern was born to Frederick III King Prussia (age 27) and Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia (age 18) at Crown Prince's Palace, Berlin. He a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 07 Jan 1866 or 27 Jan 1866 John Gibson (age 75) died at Rome, Italy. He bequeathed the contents of his studio, a large selection of his works and a large sum of money to the Royal Academy.

After 27 Jan 1877. Church of St Mary, East Raynham [Map]. Memorial to Elizabeth Jane Stuart (deceased), John Villiers Stuart Townshend 5th Marquess Townshend (age 45) and Nicholas Townshend Durham.

Elizabeth Jane Stuart: On 18 Jul 1803 she was born to George Stuart. On 18 Aug 1825 John Townshend 4th Marquess Townshend and she were married. On 27 Jan 1877 Elizabeth Jane Stuart died.

Nicholas Townshend Durham: he was born to James Cunninghame Durham and Agnes Elizabeth Audrey Townshend. He a great x 3 grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom. On 17 Mar 1943 Nicholas Townshend Durham was killed in action at the Battle of the Mareth Line.

On 27 Jan 1918 Reverend William Greenwell (age 97) died unmarried at his home 27 South Bailey, Durham.

The Times. 28 Jan 1937. The Duke Of Norfolk And Miss Strutt.

Princess Alice Countess of Athlone (age 53) and Major-General the Earl of Athlone (age 63), and Prince Arthur of Connaught (age 54) were present yesterday afternoon at the marriage at Brompton Oratory of the Duke of Norfolk, Premier Peer and Hereditary Earl Marshal of England, and the Hon. Lavinia Mary Strutt (age 20), only daughter of Lord Belper (age 53) and the Countess of Rosebery (age 44).

Princess Alice (age 53) wore a mink coat over a dress of burgundy-red crepe, with a small red hat to match.

The Oratory was decorated with four large stands of flowers, placed at the chancel steps. They were in mixed shades of red and included amaryllis lilies, poinsettia, anthuriums, roses, carnations, and red leaves. While the guests were arriving the organist played Mendelssohn's Allegretto from the Fourth Sonata, Elgar's Allegro Maestoso from the First Sonata, and the prelude and fugue in E flat, and the organ choral "Mortify us by Thy Goodness" by J. S. Bach.

The bride (age 20) arrived with her father, Lord Belper (age 53), and was loudly cheered by the crowd outside the Oratory, who broke through the police cordon. She walked up the nave to Handel's March from the Occasional Oratorio, and was met by Father Talbot and Father John Cuddon. Miss Strutt (age 20) wore a classically simple dress of silver lame, cut on straight sheath lines with long tight sleeves and a high round roll collar. The skirt just touched the ground and was continued at the back to form a long square train. She wore a girdle of silver cord knotted in front. Her long veil of white tulle fell from a simple coronet of orange-blossom and green leaves, and she carried a sheaf of arum lilies. She was followed by six little pages-Robin Herbert, Timothy Hunloke, Bob McCreery, John Scrope, George Vivian-Smith, and Michael Watt; and by six bridesmaids-Lady Katharine (age 25) and Lady Winefride Howard (age 23) (sisters of the bridegroom), Lady Anne Bridgeman (age 23), the Hon. Pamela Digby (age 16), Miss Gillian Drummond, and Miss Nancy Malcolmnson. The bridegroom's (age 28) racing colours, pale blue and scarlet, were introduced into the dresses and suits of the attendants. The pages were in pale blue satin suits piped with scarlet, and the bridesmaids wore dresses of sky-blue corded crepe, with touches of scarlet at the waistline. They had high rounded necklines with long bell sleeves and their headdresses of red bavardia were massed in front. They carried bouquets of red flowers, including tulips, amaryllis lilies, carnations, and euphorbia. The bridegroom gave them brooches showing his and his bride's initials in rubies and diamonds. The Earl of Eldon (age 37) was best man.

The marriage service was very short and non-choral, as the bride (age 20) is not a Roman Catholic. After they had plighted their troth Father Ronald Knox gave an address from the centre of the transept. The bride (age 20) and bridegroom (age 28) remained kneeling at the chancel steps, facing the altar. They then went in procession to the vestry, where the registrar, Mr. J. P. Bond, conducted the civil ceremony.

Afterwards the bride (age 20) and bridegroom (age 28) left for 38, Mayfair (the residence of the Earl of Rosebery (age 55)), where the Countess of Rosebery (age 44) held a reception. The bride (age 20) went away for the honeymoon in a dress of black and red shot silk taffeta, under a broadtail coat with a fur cap to match.

Among those present at the Oratory were:

The Earl (age 55) and Countess of Rosebery (age 44).

The Duchess of Norfolk (age 60).

Lady Rachel Howard (age 32).

Lady Belper.

the Hon. Alexander (age 24) and the Hon. Michael Strutt (age 23), the Hon. Mrs. Parry-Evans. Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Vernon Malcolmsonson, Lord and Lady Aberdare, the Hon. Margaret Strutt, the Hon. Mrs. Frank Hormsby, etc.

On 27 Jan 1952 Fanny Ward aka Buchanan (age 79) died.

Births on the 27th January

On 27 Jan 1364 Edward Plantagenet was born to Edward "Black Prince" (age 33) and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 35) at Château d'Angoulême, Angoulême. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.42%.

On 27 Jan 1443 Albert III Duke Saxony was born to Frederick II Duke Saxony (age 30) and Margaret of Austria (age 27).

On 27 Jan 1526 Lilias Ruthven was born to William Ruthven 2nd Lord Ruthven (age 16) and Janet Halyburton Lady Dirletoun.

On 27 Jan 1531 Anthony Gresham was born to John Gresham (age 36) and Mary Ipswell (age 36).

On 27 Jan 1533 George Brooke was born to George Brooke 9th Baron Cobham (age 36) and Anne Braye Baroness Cobham (age 31).

On 27 Jan 1541 Thomas Gage was born to Edward Gage (age 38) and Elizabeth Parker (age 18) at Firle, East Sussex.

On 27 Jan 1562 Richard Grosvenor of Eaton was born to Thomas Grosvenor (age 33) at Eccles, Lancashire [Map].

On or before 27 Jan 1569 Aemilia Bassano was born to Baptiste Bassano.

On 27 Jan 1590 Charles Adelmare Caesar was born to Judge Julius Ceasar (age 32).

On 27 Jan 1595 Elizabeth Eldred Lady Tryon was born.

On 27 Jan 1603 Harbottle Grimston 2nd Baronet was born to Harbottle Grimston 1st Baronet (age 34).

After 27 Jan 1614 Elizabeth Evelyn was born to Richard Evelyn of Wotton (age 27) and Eleanor Stansfield (age 15).

Before 27 Jan 1631 Johanna St John Baroness St John Lydiard Tregoze was born to Oliver St John (age 32).

Before 27 Jan 1648 John Thornhaugh was born.

On 27 Jan 1656 Jane Knightley was born to Lucius Knightley (age 32) and Elizabeth Dent (age 23).

On 27 Jan 1663 George Byng 1st Viscount Torrington was born.

On 27 Jan 1666 John Shelley was born to Timothy Shelley (age 37).

On 27 Jan 1678 Sarah Margetson was born to John Margetson (age 22) and Alice Caulfeild Baroness Carpenter (age 17).

On 27 Jan 1722 Benedict Swingate Calvert was born illegitimately to Charles Calvert 5th Baron Baltimore (age 22) and Petronilla Melusine Schulenburg Countess Chesterfield (age 28). He a grandson of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 16 Jan 1740 or 27 Jan 1741 Hester Lynch Salusbury (age 1) was born to John Salusbury (age 32) and Hester Lynch Cotton (age 33).

On 27 Jan 1755 Manasseh Masseh Lopes 1st Baronet was born to Mordecai Lopes (age 26).

On 27 Jan 1756 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born.

On 27 Jan 1764 Charles Burroughs-Paulet 13th Marquess Winchester was born to George Paulett 12th Marquess Winchester (age 41) and Martha Ingoldsby Marchioness Winchester.

On 27 Jan 1800 Evelyn Denison 1st Viscount Ossington was born to John Denison (age 42).

On 27 Jan 1803 Arthur Algernon Capell 6th Earl Essex was born to John Thomas Capell (age 34) and Caroline Paget (age 29).

On 27 Jan 1803 Anne Wood was born to Francis Lindley Wood 2nd Baronet (age 31) and Anne Buck Lady Wood.

On 27 Jan 1809 Margaret Bruce Wentworth-Fitzwilliam was born to Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam 5th and 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam (age 22) and Mary Dundas (age 21). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%.

On 27 Jan 1821 Samuel Clowes was born to William Legh Clowes (age 40).

On 27 Jan 1832 Arthur Hughes was born.

On 27 Jan 1837 Reverend John Cæsar Hawkins 4th Baronet was born to John Cæsar Hawkins (age 31) and Louisa Georgiana Letitia Ricketts.

On 27 Jan 1839 George Alexander Duntze 4th Baronet was born to Reverend Samuel Henry Duntze (age 38).

On 27 Jan 1850 John Collier was born to Robert Collier 1st Baron Monkswell (age 32) and Isabella Rose Baroness Monkswell (age 35).

On 27 Jan 1859 Wilhelm Hohenzollern was born to Frederick III King Prussia (age 27) and Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia (age 18) at Crown Prince's Palace, Berlin. He a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 27 Jan 1862 Edmund Byng 6th Earl Strafford was born to Francis Edmund Cecil Byng 5th Earl Strafford (age 27) and Florence Louisa Miles (age 22).

On 27 Jan 1870 Florence Hamilton Davis Countess Howe was born to John Hagy Davis and Florence Chapman.

On 27 Jan 1906 Christopher Bourchier Wrey was born to Edward Castell Wrey (age 30) and Katherine Joan Dene.

On 27 Jan 1921 Maurice Victor Macmillan was born to Harold Macmillan 1st Earl Stockton (age 26) and Dorothy Evelyn Cavendish (age 20).

Marriages on the 27th January

On 27 Jan 1332 Edward Bohun (age 22) and Margaret Ros (age 9) were married. He the son of Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex and Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland. He a grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

On 27 Jan 1393 Philip Artois Count Eu (age 36) and Marie Valois I Duchess Auverge (age 18) were married. She by marriage Countess Eu. She the daughter of John Valois 1st Duke Berry (age 52) and Joanne Armagnac Duchess Berry. He the son of John "Sans Terre" Artois 1st Count Eu and Isabeau Melun Countess Eu. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry III of England.

After 27 Jan 1443 Christopher Talbot (age 24) and Joyce Charleton Baroness Tiptoft (age 39) were married. She the daughter of Edward Charleton 5th Baron Cherleton and Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster. He the son of John "Old Talbot" Talbot 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (age 60) and Maud Neville 6th Baroness Furnivall. They were third cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

On 27 Jan 1447 Richard Beauchamp 2nd Baron Beauchamp Powick (age 12) and Elizabeth Stafford (age 12) were married at Beauchamp's Court Alcester. They were half fourth cousins.

Before 27 Jan 1541 Edward Gage (age 38) and Elizabeth Parker (age 18) were married. The difference in their ages was 20 years.

Before 27 Jan 1550 Humphrey Arundell of Helland (age 37) and Elizabeth Fulford were married. They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Between 15 Sep 1562 and 27 Jan 1563 Arthur Pole of Lordington in Sussex (age 32) and Mary Holland were married. There was no issue from the marriage. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 27 Jan 1614 Richard Evelyn of Wotton (age 27) and Eleanor Stansfield (age 15) were married.

On 27 Jan 1625 Edmund Hastings (age 14) and Mary Copley were married.

After 27 Jan 1667 Francis Godolphin (age 28) and Elizabeth Johnson Lady Mordaunt (age 28) were married.

On 27 Jan 1678 John Margetson (age 22) and Alice Caulfeild Baroness Carpenter (age 17) were married. His sister Anne Margetson (age 21) married her brother William Caulfeild 2nd Viscount Charlemont (age 23) six months later.

On 27 Jan 1681 Thomas Forster of Adderstone (age 21) and Frances Forster (age 15) were married.

On 27 Jan 1759 Robert Brudenell (age 32) and Anne Bisshopp (age 31) were married. He the son of George Brudenell 3rd Earl Cardigan and Elizabeth Bruce 3rd Countess Cardigan.

On 27 Jan 1776 Nigel Bowyer Gresley 7th Baronet (age 23) and Wilmot Gresley were married by which he acquired Drakelow Hall. They were first cousins.

After 27 Jan 1784 John "Mad Jack" Byron (age 27) and Catherine Gordon 13th of Gight Gordon (age 19) were married.

On 27 Jan 1812 Francis Hartwell 1st Baronet (age 54) and Louisa Aldridge (age 35) were married. They had a daughter.

On 27 Jan 1892 Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (age 28) and Olivia Caroline Amelia Taylour (age 23) were married.

On 27 Jan 1904 Lieutenant-Colonel William Lyonel Vane (age 44) and Katharine Louisa Pakenham (age 35) were married. She the daughter of William Pakenham 4th Earl of Longford and Selina Rice Trevor Countess Longford (age 67).

On 27 Jan 1908 Count László Széchenyi de Sárvár-Felsővidék (age 28) and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt Countess Széchenyi (age 21) were married.

On 27 Jan 1914 Frederick Walter Stephenson (age 41) and Violet Ellinor Leveson-Gower (age 41) were married. He a great x 5 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

Deaths on the 27th January

On 27 Jan 672 Pope Vitalian died.

On 27 Jan 992 Mathilde Carolingian Queen Consort Burgundy (age 49) died.

On 27 Jan 1074 Henry "Gallant" Burgundy (age 39) died.

On 27 Jan 1509 John I Count Palatinate Simmern (age 49) died. His son John II Count Palatinate Simmern (age 16) succeeded Count Palatine Simmern.

On 27 Jan 1547 Anne Jagiellon Holy Roman Empress (age 43) died.

On 27 Jan 1548 Elizabeth Longford (age 61) died.

On 27 Jan 1550 Humphrey Arundell of Helland (age 37) was executed.

Before 27 Jan 1560 Audrey Gainsford died.

On 27 Jan 1634 William Musgrave of Hayton Castle (age 38) died.

On 27 Jan 1652 Jane Puckering died.

On 27 Jan 1664 Karl Josef Habsburg Spain Archduke Austria (age 14) died.

On 27 Jan 1665 Margaret Montgomerie Countess Glencairn (age 47) died.

On 27 Jan 1665 William Cunningham 9th Earl Glencairn (age 55) died.

On 27 Jan 1669 Gaspar de Crayer (age 84) died.

On 27 Jan 1670 Anne Clarges Duchess Albermarle (age 50) died.

On 27 Jan 1681 Nicholas Leke 2nd Earl Scarsdale (age 69) died. His son Robert Leke 3rd Earl Scarsdale (age 26) succeeded 3rd Earl Scarsdale, 3rd Baron Deincourt of Sutton, 3rd Baronet Leke of Sutton in Derbyshire. Mary Lewis Countess Scarsdale (age 23) by marriage Countess Scarsdale.

On 27 Jan 1691 Henry Firebrace (age 72) died.

On 27 Jan 1693 Anthony Lowther of Marske Yorkshire (age 52) died.

On 27 Jan 1697 Thomas Blount 1st Baronet (age 47) died. His son Thomas Pope Blount 2nd Baronet (age 27) succeeded 2nd Baronet Blount of Tittenhanger.

In 27 Jan 1720 Frances Cromwell Baroness Russell (age 82) died.

On 27 Jan 1726 Nicholas Morice 2nd Baronet (age 45) died. He was buried at Werrington, Devon on 07 Feb 1726 . His son William Morice 3rd Baronet (age 19) succeeded 3rd Baronet Morice of Werrington in Devon.

On 27 Jan 1729 Thomas Sidney (age 48) died.

On 27 Jan 1735 Reverend Robert Dymoke of Grebby Hall in Lincolnshire (age 35) drowned in the Chequer Well, Lincoln. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].

Reverend Robert Dymoke of Grebby Hall in Lincolnshire: On or before 17 Oct 1699, the date he was baptised, he was born to Robert Dymoke of Scremby in Lincolnshire.

On 27 Jan 1740 Louis Henri Bourbon Condé Duke Bourbon (age 47) died.

On 27 Jan 1745 Reuben Wyndham (age 82) died at Isle of Wight Virginia.

On 27 Jan 1753 William Napier 4th Baronet (age 53) died. His brother Gerard Napier 5th Baronet (age 52) succeeded 5th Baronet Napier of Middle Marsh in Dorset.

On or before 27 Jan 1756 Thomas Edwardes (age 58) died.

On 27 Jan 1763 Anton Ulrich Duke of Saxe Meiningen (age 75) died.

On 27 Jan 1765 Dean Edward Townshend (age 45) died in Bath, Somerset [Map].

On 27 Jan 1767 Philippa Hamilton died.

In 1770 John Kennedy Lord Kennedy (age 98) died. His fourth cousin once removed Thomas Kennedy 9th Earl Cassilis succeeded 9th Earl Cassilis. A dispute arose between the heir general William Douglas 4th Duke Queensberry (age 45) and the heir male Thomas Kennedy 9th Earl Cassilis as to who should succeed to Earl Cassilis. On 29 Feb 1760 the Court of Session found the right to the estates to be with Thomas Kennedy 9th Earl Cassilis. On 27 Jan 1762 the House of Lords found the right to the title to be with Thomas Kennedy 9th Earl Cassilis.

On 27 Jan 1781 Kenneth Mackenzie 1st Earl Seaforth (age 37) died. Earl Seaforth extinct.

On 27 Jan 1788 William Tryon (age 58) died. He was buried at St Mary's Church Twickenham, Richmond [Map].

On 27 Jan 1794 Elizabeth Cuffe 1st Countess Longford (age 74) died. Her grandson Thomas Pakenham 2nd Earl Longford (age 19) succeeded 2nd Earl Longford.

On 27 Jan 1802 Frederick Compton Cavendish died.

On 27 Jan 1814 Colonel John Hill (age 44) died.

On 27 Jan 1818 John Hamilton 1st Marquess Abercorn (age 61) died.

On 27 Jan 1820 Vyell Vyvyan 7th Baronet (age 52) died.

On 27 Jan 1822 Lucy Courtenay (age 51) died.

On 27 Jan 1827 Bishop Edward Legge (age 71) died.

On 27 Jan 1832 Francis Nathaniel Burton (age 65) died.

On 27 Jan 1834 Thomas George Lyon Bowes (age 32) died.

On 27 Jan 1836 Princess Wilhelmine Baden (age 47) died.

On 27 Jan 1837 Nathaniel Curzon 2nd Baron Scarsdale (age 84) died. His son Nathaniel Curzon 3rd Baron Scarsdale (age 56) succeeded 3rd Baron Scarsdale.

On 27 Jan 1839 Vice Admiral Charles Paget (age 60) died.

On 27 Jan 1852 Robert Graham 8th Baronet (age 82) died. His son Edward Graham 9th Baronet (age 32) succeeded 9th Baronet Graham of Esk in Cumberland

On 27 Jan 1862 Florence Louisa Miles (age 22) died in childbirth.

On 07 Jan 1866 or 27 Jan 1866 John Gibson (age 75) died at Rome, Italy. He bequeathed the contents of his studio, a large selection of his works and a large sum of money to the Royal Academy.

On 27 Jan 1867 Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon (age 65) died.

On 27 Jan 1868 Edward Jodrell (age 55) died.

On 27 Jan 1870 George Hamilton-Gordon 6th Earl Aberdeen (age 28) drowned. Travelling from Boston to Melbourne on the Hera, Lord Aberdeen was washed overboard during a violent storm and drowned,

On 27 Jan 1876 Madeline Olivia Susan Taylour died.

On 27 Jan 1877 Elizabeth Jane Stuart (age 73) died.

On 27 Jan 1880 George Cadogan (age 65) died.

On 27 Jan 1892 Admiral Cospatrick Baillie-Hamilton (age 74) died.

On 27 Jan 1892 Georgiana Tredcroft Lady Watson-Copley (age 65) died.

On 27 Jan 1894 Thomas Holdsworth Newman (age 68) died.

On 27 Jan 1895 Sophie Lambe (age 74) died at 55 Cathcart Road, Brompton.

On 27 Jan 1896 Augustus Frederick Phipps (age 87) died.

On 27 Jan 1899 Montague Peregrine Bertie 11th Earl Lindsey (age 83) died. His son Montague Peregrine Albemarle Bertie 12th Earl Lindsey (age 37) succeeded 12th Earl Lindsey. Millicent Cox Countess Lindsey (age 36) by marriage Countess Lindsey.

On 27 Jan 1901 Mary Alice Egerton-Warburton died.

On 27 Jan 1903 Frances Lyon Bowes (age 70) died.

On 27 Jan 1907 Colonel Frederick Palmer (age 82) died.

On 27 Jan 1908 Thomas Fowell Buxton (age 85) died.

On 27 Jan 1909 Benoît Constant Coquelin (age 68) died.

On 27 Jan 1915 Drever Joicey (age 28) died.

On 25 or 27 Jan 1916 Major Rupert Chabbert Meyricke (age 38) committed suicide in Malta. His body was found in the grounds of the hospital. Suicide by shooting himself with a small automatic pistol he had smuggled into the hospital a few hours before he was due to be evacuated back to the UK - he had wanted to stay on Malta so as to be able to rejoin his battery. Maj Meyricke had himself carried on a wheeled chair to the terrace at the front of the hospital over-looking the harbour, sat on a wooden garden seat and after a few minutes produced a Colt automatic pistol he had hidden about himself and committed suicide. He was buried in Pietà Military Cemetery, TTriq id-Duluri, Malta.

On 27 Jan 1918 Reverend William Greenwell (age 97) died unmarried at his home 27 South Bailey, Durham.

On 27 Jan 1919 Alexander Samuel Leslie-Melville (age 89) died.

On 27 Jan 1922 Seymour Coghill Hort Bushe died.

On 27 Jan 1925 Francis Grenfell 1st Baron Grenfell (age 83) died.

On 27 Jan 1938 Margaret Rachel Scott (age 63) died.

On 27 Jan 1940 Magdalen Yorke (age 75) died.

On 27 Jan 1952 Fanny Ward aka Buchanan (age 79) died.

On 27 Jan 1958 Oskar Hohenzollern (age 69) died.

On 27 Jan 2006 Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino Hohenzollern Sigmaringen (age 86) died at London.