On this Day in History ... 27th July

27 Jul is in July.

1054 Battle of Dunsinane

1128 Death of William Clito

1214 Battle of Bouvines

1302 Battle of Roslyn

1453 Neville Percy Feud

1469 Execution of the Woodvilles

1469 Battle of Edgecote Moor

1528 Sweating Sickness Outbreak

1603 Coronation of James I

1665 Great Plague of London

1666 St James' Day Battle

1689 Battle of Killiecrankie

1807 Abolition of the Slave Trade

1809 Battle of Talavera

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 27th July

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 27 Jul 1054. This year went Earl Siward (age 44) with a large army against Scotland, consisting both of marines and landforces; and engaging with the Scots, he put to flight the King Macbeth (age 49); slew all the best in the land; and led thence much spoil, such as no man before obtained. Many fell also on his side, both Danish and English; even his own son, Osborn, and his sister's son, Sihward: and many of his house-carls, and also of the king's, were there slain that day, which was that of the Seven Sleepers.

John of Worcester. 27 Jul 1054. Siward (age 44), the stout earl of Northumbria, by order of the king (age 51) entered Scotland, with a large body of cavalry and a powerful fleet, and fought a battle with Macbeth (age 49), king of the Scots, in which the king was defeated with the loss of many thousands both of the Scots and of the Normans before mentioned; he then, as the king had commanded, raised to the throne Malcolm (age 23), son of the king of the Cumbrians. However, his own son and many English and Danes fell in that battle.

Florence of Worcester Continuation. 27 Jul 1128. William (age 25), count of Flanders, surnamed The Sad, falling into an ambush, was wounded by his enemies, and, his sufferings increasing, died, amidst universal lamentations, on the sixth of the calends of August [27th July], and was buried at St. Bertin.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 27 Jul 1128. All this year was the King Henry (age 60) in Normandy, on account of the hostility that was between him and his nephew (age 25), the Earl of Flanders. But the earl was wounded in a fight by a swain; and so wounded he went to the monastery of St. Bertin; where he soon became a monk, lived five days afterwards, then died, and was there buried. God honour his soul. That was on the sixth day before the calends of August.

On 27 Jul 1214 the last battle of the Anglo-French War of 1213-1214. Philip Augustus II King France 1165-1223's army defeated the combined forces of England, Flanders and the Holy Roman Empire. Thomas St Valery (age 59) fought at Bouvines during the Battle of Bouvines.

On 27 Jul 1276 James I King Aragon (age 68) died. His son Peter III King Aragon (age 36) succeeded III King Aragon.

John of Fordun's Chronicle. On the 27th of July 1302, [Note. The date here confusing since the Battle of Roslyn] is reported to have taken place on 24 Feb 1303] took place the great and famous engagement between the Scots and English, at Roslyn [Map], where the English were defeated, though with great difficulty. From the beginning of the first war which ever broke out between the Scots and English, it is said, there never was so desperate a struggle, or one in which the stoutness of knightly prowess shone forth so brightly. The commander and leader in this struggle was John Comyn (age 33), the son. Now this was how this struggle came about, and the manner thereof. After the battle fought at Falkirk, the king of England (age 63) came not in person, for the nonce, this side of the water of Forth; but sent a good large force, which plundered the whole land of Fife, with all the lands lying near the town of Perth [Map], after having killed a great many of the dwellers in those lands. On the return of this force, with countless spoils, that king (age 63) hied him home again with his host. Now this was brought about, doubtless, by God's agency: for had he made a lengthened stay then, or after the battle of Dunbar and the seizure of King John (age 53), he would either have subjugated the whole land of Scotland, and the dwellers therein, to his sway, or made it a waste with naught but floods and stones. But the goodness of God, Who alone tends and heals after wounds, so governed the actions and time of that king, that, being stirred up to battle, and engrossed with sundry wars, he could not put off all other matters, and give himself up to subduing this kingdom. So that king of England (age 63) went back with his men, having first appointed the officers of the sheriffdoms, and the wardens of the castles, in the districts beyond the water of Forth, which were then fully and wholly subject unto his sway - with the exception of a few outlaws (or, indeed, robbers), of Scottish birth, who were lurking in the woods, and could not, because of their misdeeds, submit to the laws. But John Comyn (age 33), then guardian of Scotland, and Simon Eraser, with their followers, day and night did their best to harass and annoy, by their great prowess, the aforesaid king's officers and bailiffs; and from the time of that king's departure, for four years and more, the English and the Anglicized Scots were harried by them, in manifold ways, by mutual slaughter and carnage, according to the issue of various wars.

On 27 Jul 1420 Sigismund I King Hungary I King Germany I King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg (age 52) was crowned I King Bohemia at Prague.

by 27 Jul 1453, says Griffiths, the situation in the north had deteriorated so badly that the crown effectively abrogated its authority in the region, by writing directly to the two earls [Note Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland (age 60) and Richard Neville 5th Earl Salisbury (age 53)], laying responsibility for ending the dispute on them, and instructing them to keep their sons in order. It was at this point too, that the commission of oyer and terminer of 12 July was re-issued.

On 27 Jul 1469 William "Black William" Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke (age 46) was executed following his capture at the Battle of Edgecote Moor the day before, His son William Herbert 2nd Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Huntingdon (age 18) succeeded 2nd Earl Pembroke, 2nd Baron Herbert of Raglan, 2nd Baron Herbert of Powis. Mary Woodville Countess Pembroke and Huntingdon (age 13) by marriage Countess Pembroke.

His brother Richard Herbert (age 46) was also beheaded on the same day.

Warkworth's Chronicle. 27 Jul 1469. And at that tyme was the Lorde Ryvers (age 64) takene and one of his sonnes (age 24) in the forest of Dene and brought to Northamtone and the Erle of Penbroke (age 46) and Sere Richard Herbarde (age 46) his brother were behedede at Northamtone alle iiij by the commawndement of the Duke of Clarence and the Erle of Warwyke and Thomas Harbarde was slayne at Brystow & c.

Letters and Papers 1528. 27 Jul 1528. R. O. 4560. John Chekyng To Cromwell.

His son Gregory (age 8) is not now at Cambridge, but in the country, where he works and plays alternately. He is rather slow, but diligent. He had been badly tutored, and could hardly conjugate three verbs when committed to Chekyng's care, though he repeated the rules by rote. If this is Palgrave's style of teaching, does not believe he will ever make a scholar. Will have to unteach him nearly all he has learned. He is now studying the things most conducive to the reading of authors, and spends the rest of the day in forming letters. The plague, happily, is abating. Pembroke Hall, 27 July.

Hol., Lat., pp. 2. Add.: Clarissimo viro et domino suo optimo, D. Crumwello in ædibus Remi (Wolsey). Ex Cantabrigia.

On 27 Jul 1571 Francis Shirley (age 56) died at Staunton Harold, Leicestershire [Map]. He was buried in the Church of St Mary and St Hardulph, Breedon on the Hill [Map]. Elizabethan Period. Chest with Weepers holding Shields. Helm with Folds. Richard and Gabriel Royley of Burton upon Trent.

Francis Shirley: Francis Shirley and Dorothy Giffard were married. The difference in their ages was 24 years; she, unusually, being older than him. Around 26 Jan 1515 he was born to Ralph Shirley at Staunton Harold, Leicestershire.

On 27 Jul 1578 Frances Howard Duchess Lennox and Richmond was born to Thomas Howard 1st Viscount Howard Bindon (age 58) and Mabel Burton Viscountess Howard Bindon (age 38) at Lychett, Dorset.

On 25 Jul 1603 King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 37) was crowned I King England Scotland and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map].

Charles Howard 1st Earl Nottingham (age 67) was appointed Lord High Steward.

On 26 Jul 1603 Thomas Bennett (age 60) and Thomas Cambell (age 67) were knighted.

On 27 Jul 1603 William Wrey 1st Baronet was knighted at Whitehall Palace [Map].

On 30 Jul 1603 Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond was knighted at Whitehall Palace [Map].

Bishop Thomas Bilson (age 56) gave the sermon. While the wording conceded something to the divine right of kings, it also included a caveat about lawful resistance to a monarch.

On 11 Sep 1617 Anthony Mildmay (age 68) died. He was buried at the Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map]. His inscription reads ... Here sleepeth in the Lord with certaine hope of resurection Sr Antony Mildmay Knt eldet sonne to Sr Walter Mildmay Knt Chaunclor of the Exchequor. to Queene Elizabeth. He was Embassador from Queen Eliza: to the most Christian King of Fraunce Henry the 4th Ano. 1596; He was to Prince and Country faithful, and serviceable, in peace and warre, to freinds constant to enemies reconciliable. Bountiful and loved hospitality. He died September 11 1617.

On 27 Jul 1620 Grace Sharington (age 68) died. She was buried at the Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map]. The inscription of her monument reads ... Here also lyeth Grace Ladie Mildmay the only wife of the saied Sr Antho: Mildmay one of the heyres of Sr Henry Sharington Knt: of Lacock in the County of Wiltes who lived 50 years maried to him and three years a widow after him. she was most devout, unspotedly chast mayd, wife, and widow, compassionate in heart, and charitably helpful with phisick, cloathes, nourishment, or counsels to any in misery, She was most careful and wise in managing worldly estate. So as her life was a blessing to hirs, and hir death she blessed them which hapned July 27 1620.

From RCHME Inventory. It is of grey veined and black marble and is partly gilded and painted. Two effigies lie on a black and white marble tomb chest beneath a baldachino consisting of a shallow dome with a cupola having round-headed openings in its drum, which give light to the interior. The baldachino is supported at each end by a rectangular pier onto which curtains, hanging from the architrave of the dome, are looped. Against the piers are standing figures representing the four Virtues, and the frieze is inscribed 'Devoute', 'Wise', 'Charitable' and 'Just'; the frieze is also inscribed 'Chaste' and 'Valiant'. The head of the figure representing Justice is modern. Seated on the cornice are smaller figures, on the E. of Faith and on the W. of Hope; on the cupola dome is a seated figure of Charity. Crowning the cornice are freestanding cartouches of arms of Mildmay (N.E. and S.E.) and Sherington (N.W. and S.W.). Against the cupola drum are shields of arms of Mildmay impaling Sherington, both quartered with alliances, and Mildmay quarterly. The W. pier of the baldachino is inscribed with a record of the setting up of the monument by Sir Francis Fane (age 37) in 1621. The tomb chest is enriched with emblems of mortality and eulogistically-phrased inscriptions record the lives of Sir Anthony on the S., and of Lady Grace on the N. The effigies lie on rush mats, he in Greenwich armour, she in full mantle, ruff and head-dress. The authorship of the monument is not known but the figures of the four Virtues are in the manner of Maximillian Colt (age 42) (cf. Cecil monument, Hatfield, Hertfordshire); the baldachino may be compared with that over the tomb of the Countess of Derby at Harefield, Middlesex, probably also by Colt (age 42).

Grace Sharington: Around 1552 she was born to Henry Sharington of Lacock in Wiltshire and Anne Paggett of Lacock Abbey. In 1567 Anthony Mildmay and she were married. They lived at Apethorpe Hall, Northamptonshire. In 1581 Henry Sharington of Lacock in Wiltshire died. His two surviving daughters for many disputed his will. According to Grace Sharington her sister Olive Sharington had persuaded their father to change his will. Grace Sharington eventually gained an equal share.

On 27 Jul 1625 Edward Montagu 1st Earl Sandwich was born to Sidney Montagu (age 44) and Paulina Pepys (age 43).

On 27 Jul 1639 Vivian Molyneux (age 43) was knighted by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) at Berwick on Tweed [Map].

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1662. Lord's Day. At church alone in the pew in the morning. In the afternoon by water I carried my wife to Westminster, where she went to take leave of her father1, and I to walk in the Park, which is now every day more and more pleasant, by the new works upon it. Here meeting with Laud Crispe, I took him to the farther end, and sat under a tree in a corner, and there sung some songs, he singing well, but no skill, and so would sing false sometimes.

Note 1. Mrs. Pepys's father was Alexander Marchant, Sieur de St. Michel, a scion of a good family in Anjou. Having turned Huguenot at the age of twenty-one, his father disinherited him, and he was left penniless. He came over in the retinue of Henrietta Maria (age 52), on her marriage with Charles I, as one of her Majesty's gentlemen carvers, but the Queen (age 52) dismissed him on finding out he was a Protestant and did not go to mass. He described himself as being captain and major of English troops in Italy and Flanders.-Wheatley's Pepys and the World he lived in, pp. 6, 250. He was full of schemes; see September 22nd, 1663, for account of his patent for curing smoky chimneys.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1663. So to White Hall and by water to the Bridge [Map], and so home to bed, weary and well pleased with my journey in all respects. Only it cost me about 20s., but it was for my health, and I hope will prove so, only I do find by my riding a little swelling to rise just by my anus. I had the same the last time I rode, and then it fell again, and now it is up again about the bigness of the bag of a silkworm, makes me fearful of a rupture. But I will speak to Mr. Hollyard (age 54) about it, and I am glad to find it now, that I may prevent it before it goes too far.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1665. So dispatched all my business, having assurance of continuance of all hearty love from Sir W. Coventry (age 37), and so we staid and saw the King (age 35) and Queene (age 55) set out toward Salisbury, and after them the Duke (age 31) and Duchesse (age 28), whose hands I did kiss. And it was the first time I did ever, or did see any body else, kiss her hand, and it was a most fine white and fat hand. But it was pretty to see the young pretty ladies dressed like men, in velvet coats, caps with ribbands, and with laced bands, just like men. Only the Duchesse (age 28) herself it did not become.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1665. At home met the weekly Bill, where above 1000 encreased in the Bill, and of them, in all about 1,700 of the plague, which hath made the officers this day resolve of sitting at Deptford, Kent [Map], which puts me to some consideration what to do.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1666. He gone, I away by water from the Old Swan [Map] to White Hall. The waterman tells me that newes is come that our ship Resolution is burnt, and that we had sunke four or five of the enemy's ships. When I come to White Hall I met with Creed, and he tells me the same news, and walking with him to the Park I to Sir W. Coventry's (age 38) lodging, and there he showed me Captain Talbot's letter, wherein he says that the fight begun on the 25th; that our White squadron begun with one of the Dutch squadrons, and then the Red with another so hot that we put them both to giving way, and so they continued in pursuit all the day, and as long as he stayed with them: that the Blue fell to the Zealand squadron; and after a long dispute, he against two or three great ships, he received eight or nine dangerous shots, and so come away; and says, he saw The Resolution burned by one of their fire-ships, and four or five of the enemy's. But says that two or three of our great ships were in danger of being fired by our owne fire-ships, which Sir W. Coventry (age 38), nor I, cannot understand. But upon the whole, he and I walked two or three turns in the Parke under the great trees, and do doubt that this gallant is come away a little too soon, having lost never a mast nor sayle. And then we did begin to discourse of the young gentlemen captains, which he was very free with me in speaking his mind of the unruliness of them; and what a losse the King (age 36) hath of his old men, and now of this Hannam, of The Resolution, if he be dead, and that there is but few old sober men in the fleete, and if these few of the Flags that are so should die, he fears some other gentlemen captains will get in, and then what a council we shall have, God knows. He told me how he is disturbed to hear the commanders at sea called cowards here on shore, and that he was yesterday concerned publiquely at a dinner to defend them, against somebody that said that not above twenty of them fought as they should do, and indeed it is derived from the Duke of Albemarle (age 57) himself, who wrote so to the King (age 36) and Duke (age 32), and that he told them how they fought four days, two of them with great disadvantage. The Count de Guiche, who was on board De Ruyter (age 59), writing his narrative home in French of the fight, do lay all the honour that may be upon the English courage above the Dutch, and that he himself [Sir W. Coventry (age 38)] was sent down from the King (age 36) and Duke of Yorke (age 32) after the fight, to pray them to spare none that they thought had not done their parts, and that they had removed but four, whereof Du Tell is one, of whom he would say nothing; but, it seems, the Duke of Yorke (age 32) hath been much displeased at his removal, and hath now taken him into his service, which is a plain affront to the Duke of Albemarle (age 57); and two of the others, Sir W. Coventry (age 38) did speake very slenderly of their faults. Only the last, which was old Teddiman, he says, is in fault, and hath little to excuse himself with; and that, therefore, we should not be forward in condemning men of want of courage, when the Generalls, who are both men of metal, and hate cowards, and had the sense of our ill successe upon them (and by the way must either let the world thinke it was the miscarriage of the Captains or their owne conduct), have thought fit to remove no more of them, when desired by the King (age 36) and Duke of Yorke (age 32) to do it, without respect to any favour any of them can pretend to in either of them.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1667. He tells me that the King (age 37) and Court were never in the world so bad as they are now for gaming, swearing, whoring, and drinking, and the most abominable vices that ever were in the world; so that all must come to nought. He told me that Sir G. Carteret (age 57) was at this end of the town; so I went to visit him in Broad Street; and there he and I together: and he is mightily pleased with my Lady Jem's having a son; and a mighty glad man he is. He [Sir George Carteret (age 57)] tells me, as to news, that the peace is now confirmed, and all that over. He says it was a very unhappy motion in the House the other day about the land-army; for, whether the King (age 37) hath a mind of his own to do the thing desired or no, his doing it will be looked upon as a thing done only in fear of the Parliament. He says that the Duke of York (age 33) is suspected to be the great man that is for raising of this army, and bringing things to be commanded by an army; but he believes that he is wronged, and says that he do know that he is wronged therein. He do say that the Court is in a way to ruin all for their pleasures; and says that he himself hath once taken the liberty to tell the King (age 37) the necessity of having, at least, a show of religion in the Government, and sobriety; and that it was that, that did set up and keep up Oliver, though he was the greatest rogue in the world, and that it is so fixed in the nature of the common Englishman that it will not out of him. He tells me that while all should be labouring to settle the Kingdom, they are at Court all in factions, some for and others against my Chancellor (age 58), and another for and against another man, and the King (age 37) adheres to no man, but this day delivers himself up to this, and the next to that, to the ruin of himself and business; that he is at the command of any woman like a slave, though he be the best man to the Queene (age 57) in the world, with so much respect, and never lies a night from her: but yet cannot command himself in the presence of a woman he likes. Having had this discourse, I parted, and home to dinner, and thence to the office all the afternoon to my great content very busy. It raining this day all day to our great joy, it having not rained, I think, this month before, so as the ground was everywhere so burned and dry as could be; and no travelling in the road or streets in London, for dust. At night late home to supper and to bed.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jul 1668. Thence to Cooper's (age 59), where my wife's picture almost done, and mighty fine indeed. So over the water with my wife, and Deb., and Mercer, to Spring-Garden, and there eat and walked; and observe how rude some of the young gallants of the town are become, to go into people's arbours where there are not men, and almost force the women; which troubled me, to see the confidence of the vice of the age: and so we away by water, with much pleasure home. This day my plate-maker comes with my four little plates of the four Yards, cost me £5, which troubles me, but yet do please me also.

On 27 Jul 1689 James Seton 4th Earl Dunfermline (age 46) fought at Killiecrankie during the Battle of Killiecrankie.

After 27 Jul 1746. Church of St Mary, Narford [Map]. Monument to Elizabeth Clent (deceased) and her grandmother Sarah Chicheley. An urn and inscription panel. Inscribed chest with a heavy plinth, surmounted by a sarcophagus and an obelisk with an urn finial and heraldic achievement with motto of the Fountaine family vix ea nostra voco.

Elizabeth Clent: Captain William Price and she were married. She inherited Narford Hall when her mother Elizabeth Fountaine died. In 1706 she was born to Colonel Edward Clent of Knightwick in Worcestershire and Elizabeth Fountaine. On 27 Jul 1746 she died. Her son Brigg Price inherited Narford Hall.

Sarah Chicheley: she was born to Thomas Chicheley of Wimpole and Sarah Russell. On or after 29 Apr 1672 Andrew Fountaine and she were married. In 1710 Andrew Fountaine was gravely ill at his London townhouse. Johnathan Swift wrote ... Sir Andrew's mother and sister are come above a hundred miles to see him before he died. I knew the mother; she is the greatest Overdo upon earth; and the sister, they say, is worse; the poor man will relapse again among them. Here was the scoundrel brother [Note. Probably brother-in-law Colonel Edward Clent of Knightwick in Worcestershire] always crying in the other room till Sir Andrew was in danger; and the dog was to have all his estate if he died.

Letters of Horace Walpole. 27 Jul 1752. I am going to trouble you with a commission, my dear Sir, that will not subject me to any such humiliations. You may have heard that I am always piddling about ornaments and improvements for Strawberry Hill-I am now doing a great deal to the house-stay, I don't want Genoa damask!328 What I shall trouble you to buy is for the garden: there is a small recess, for which I should be glad to have an antique Roman sepulchral altar, of the kind of the pedestal to my eagle; but as it will stand out of doors, I should not desire to have it a fine one: a moderate one, I imagine, might be picked up easily at Rome at a moderate price: if you could order any body to buy such an one, I should be much obliged to you.

We have had an article in our papers that the Empress-queen (age 35) had desired the King of France (age 42) to let her have Mesdames de Craon (age 66) and de la Calmette, ladies of great piety and birth, to form an academy for the young Archduchesses-is there any truth in this? is the Princess to triumph thus at last over Richcourt? I should be glad. What a comical genealogy in education! The mistress and mother of twenty children to Duke Leopold, being the pious tutoress to his grand-daughters! How the old Duchess of Lorrain will shiver in her coffin at the thoughts of it? Who is la Calmette? Adieu! my dear child! You see my spirit of justice: when I have not writ to you for two months, I punish you with a reparation of six pages!-had not I better write one line every fortnight?

Note 328. Lord Cholmondoley (age 49) borrowed great sums of money of various people, under the pretence of a quantity of Genoa damask being arrived for him, and that his banker was out of town, and he must pay for it immediately. Four persons comparing notes, produced four letters from him in a coffeehouse, in the very same words.

Letters of Horace Walpole. 27 Jul 1752. Our beauties are travelling Paris-ward: Lady Caroline Petersham (age 30) and Lady Coventry (age 19) are just gone thither. It will scarce be possible for the latter to make as much noise there as she and her sister (age 18) have in England. It is literally true that a shoemaker in Worcester got two guineas and a half by showing a shoo that he was making for the Countess, at a penny a piece. I can't say her genius is equal to her beauty: she every day says some new sproposito [Note. blunder]. She has taken a turn of vast fondness for her lord (age 30): Lord Downe (age 25) met them at Calais, and offered her a tent-bed, for fear of bugs in the inns. "Oh!" said she, "I had rather be bit to death, than lie one night from my dear Cov.!" I can conceive my Lady Caroline (age 30) making a good deal of noise even at Paris; her beauty is set off by a genius for the extraordinary, and for strokes that will make a figure in any country. Mr. Churchill (age 38) and my sister (age 14) [Note. Half-sister] are just arrived from France; you know my passion for the writing of the younger Crebillon (age 45)324 you shall hear how I have been mortified by the discovery of the greatest meanness in him; and you will judge how much one must be humbled to have one's favourite author convicted of mere mercenariness! I had desired Lady Mary to lay out thirty guineas for me with Liotard (age 49), and wished, if I could, to have the portraits of Crebillon (age 45) and Marivaux (age 64)325 for my cabinet. Mr. Churchill wrote me word that Liotard's326 price was sixteen guineas; that Marivaux (age 64) was intimate with him, and would certainly sit, and that he believed he could get Crebillon (age 45) to sit too. The latter, who is retired into the provinces with an English wife (age 40)327, was just then at Paris for a month: Mr. Churchill went to him, told him that a gentleman in England, who was making a collection of portraits of famous people, would be happy to have his, etc. Crebillon was humble, "unworthy," obliged; and sat: the picture was just finished, when, behold! he sent Mr. Churchill word, that he expected to have a copy of the picture given him-neither more nor less than asking sixteen guineas for sitting! Mr. Churchill answered that he could not tell what he should do, were it his own case, but that this was a limited commission, and he could not possibly lay out double; and was now so near his return, that he could not have time to write to England and receive an answer. Crebillon said, then he would keep the picture himself-it was excessively like. I am still sentimental enough to flatter myself, that a man who could beg sixteen gineas will not give them, and so I may still have the picture.

Note 324. Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crebillon (age 45), son of the tragic poet of that name, and author of many licentious novels, which are now but little read. He was born in 1707, and died in 1777.-D. ["The taste for his writings," says the Edinburgh Reviewers, "passed away very rapidly and completely in France; and long before his death, the author of the Sopha, and Les Egaremens du Coeur et de l'Esprit, had the mortification to be utterly forgotten by the public." Vol. xxi. p. 284.]

Note 325. Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (age 64), the author of numerous plays and novels, some of which possess considerable merit. The peculiar affectation of his style occasioned the invention of the word marivaudage, to express the way of writing of him and his imitators. He was born in 1688, and died in 1763.-D.

Note 326. Walpole, in his Anecdotes of Painting, states Liotard (age 49) to have been an admirable miniature and enamel painter. At Rome he was taken notice of by the Earl of Sandwich, and by Lord Besborough, then Lord Duncannon. See Museum Florentinum, vol. x.; where the name of the last mentioned nobleman is spelled Milord D'un Canon.-E.

Note 327. She was a Miss Strafford (age 40). The perusal of Crebillon's (age 45) works inspired her with such a passion for the author, that she ran away from her friends, went to Paris, married him, and nursed and attended him with exemplary tenderness and affection to his dying day. In reference to this marriage, Lord Byron, in his Observations on Bowles's Strictures upon Pope, makes the following remark:-"For my own part, I am of the opinion of Pausanias, that success in love depends upon fortune. Grimm has an observation of the same kind, on the different destinies of the younger Crebillon and Rousseau. The former writes a licentious novel, and a young English girl of some fortune runs away, and crosses the sea to marry him; while Rousseau, the most tender and passionate of lovers, is obliged to espouse his chambermaid."-E.

Letters of Horace Walpole. 27 Jul 1752. Your painter Astley (age 28) is arrived: I have missed seeing him by being constantly at Strawberry Hill, but I intend to serve him to the utmost of my power, as you will easily believe, since he has your recommendation.

On 27 Jul 1766 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland was born to Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 39) and Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 38). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1777 Thomas Campbell was born on High Street Glasgow.

On 25 Mar 1807 the Slave Trade Act received Royal Assent. The Act prohibited the slave trade in the British Empire. The Bill was first introduced to Parliament in January 1807. It went to the House of Commons on 10 Feb 1807. After a debate lasting ten hours, the House agreed to the second reading of the bill to abolish the Atlantic slave trade by an overwhelming 283 votes for to 16. The Act took effect on 01 May 1807.

The last legal slave voyage was that of Kitty's Amelia which sailed on 27 Jul 1807 having received permission to sale on 27 Apr 1807 before the Act came into force. Kitty's Amelia arrived with 233 slaves at Jamaica 25 Jan 1808.

Between 27 Jul 1809 and 28 Jul 1809 the Battle of Talavera, part of the Peninsular War, was fought between an Anglo Spanish army commanded by Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke Wellington (age 40) against the French. The French army withdrew at night after several of its attacks had been repulsed. Following the battle Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke Wellington (age 40) was created 1st Viscount Wellington of Talavera.

Hugh Gough 1st Viscount Gough (age 29) commanded the 2nd Battalion of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot.

General Henry Fane (age 30) commanded the 3rd Prince of Wales Dragoon Guards, 4th Queen's Own Dragoons.

On 27 Jul 1809 Edward Methuen Irby (age 21) was killed at the Battle of Talavera.

After 27 Jul 1809. Monument to Edward Methuen Irby (deceased) at St Nicholas Church, Whiston [Map]

Edward Methuen Irby: On 21 Mar 1788 he was born to Frederick Irby 2nd Baron Boston and Christian Methuen. On 27 Jul 1809 Edward Methuen Irby was killed at the Battle of Talavera.

On 27 Jul 1817 Samuel Woodford (age 54) died.

On 27 Jul 1852 Edward Onslow Ford was born to Edward Ford and Martha Lydia Gardner.

After 27 Jul 1856. St Mary's Church, Fawsley [Map]. Monument to Selina Mary Hervey Lady Knightley sculpted by John Gibson (age 66).

Selina Mary Hervey Lady Knightley: she was born to Felton Hervey. On 24 Aug 1813 Charles Knightley 2nd Baronet and she were married. She by marriage Lady Knightley of Fawsley. On 27 Jul 1856 Selina Mary Hervey Lady Knightley died.

On 27 Jul 1862 Henry Alfred Pegram was born.

On 29 Apr 1890 Hermit (age 26) died at Blankney Hall. His skeleton was given to the Royal College of Vetinary Surgeons. A hoof was presented to the Prince of Wales who had it fashioned into an ink-stand, writing:

Marlborough House,

July 27/90.

My Dear Harry (age 49) — How kind of you to have sent me the hoof of dear old ! so prettily mounted, which I shall always greatly value and constantly use as an inkstand.

I am also very much touched by the kind expressions in your letter wishing me good luck with my racehorses. Though I can never expect to have the good fortune which attended the Dukes of Portland and Westminster, still I hope with patience to win one or more of the classic races with a horse bred by myself. I sincerely hope you may yet be able to come to Goodwood for a part of the time, at any rate.

Thanking you again for your kind remembrance of me and giving me so interesting a souvenir of your "best friend"

From yours very sincerely,

Albert Edward (age 48).

P.S.—I shall always take the shoe about with me.

Births on the 27th July

On 27 Jul 1452 Ludovico Sforza Duke Milan was born to Francesco Sforza I Duke Milan (age 51) and Bianca Maria Visconti (age 27).

On 27 Jul 1555 Marie Habsburg Spain was born to Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 27) and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 10.03%.

On 27 Jul 1578 Frances Howard Duchess Lennox and Richmond was born to Thomas Howard 1st Viscount Howard Bindon (age 58) and Mabel Burton Viscountess Howard Bindon (age 38) at Lychett, Dorset.

On 27 Jul 1599 Albert IV Wettin IV Duke Saxe Weimar was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 29) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Altenburg.

On 27 Jul 1625 Edward Montagu 1st Earl Sandwich was born to Sidney Montagu (age 44) and Paulina Pepys (age 43).

On 27 Jul 1658 Elizabeth Papillon was born to Thomas Papillon Merchant (age 34) and Jane Broadnax.

On 27 Jul 1690 Charles Tracy 5th Viscount Tracy was born to William Tracy 4th Viscount Tracy (age 33) and Jane Leigh Viscountess Tracy (age 25). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.26%.

On 27 Jul 1697 Isaac Maddox Bishop was born to Edward Maddox of London Stationer.

On 27 Jul 1703 Louis François Bourbon Condé Conti was born to François Louis "Le Grand Conti" Bourbon Condé Conti Prince Conti (age 39) and Marie Thérèse Bourbon Condé (age 37). He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.14%.

On 27 Jul 1705 John Eliott 4th Baronet was born to Gilbert Eliott 3rd Baronet (age 25).

On 27 Jul 1725 Charles Egerton was born to Scroop Egerton 1st Duke Bridgewater (age 43) and Rachel Russell Duchess Bridgewater (age 18).

On 27 Jul 1728 Anthony Lucas of Ancaster Hall was born.

On 27 Jul 1730 Charles Chaplin was born to Thomas Chaplin of Blankney (age 46) and Diana Archer.

On 27 Jul 1753 John Courtenay Throckmorton 5th Baronet was born to George Throckmorton (age 32).

On 27 Jul 1765 Duchess Frederica of Württemberg was born to Frederick Eugene Württemberg Duke Württemberg (age 33) and Friederike Sophie Dorothea Hohenzollern (age 28). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1766 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland was born to Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 39) and Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 38). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1771 Simon Yorke II was born to Philip Yorke (age 27) and Elizabeth Cust.

On 27 Jul 1775 Reverend William Chester was born to Charles Bagot aka Chester (age 44) and Catherine Legge (age 34). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%.

On 27 Jul 1777 Thomas Campbell was born on High Street Glasgow.

On 27 Jul 1777 General Henry Otway Trevor 21st Baron Dacre was born to Thomas Brand Baron Dacre (age 27) and Gertrude Trevor Roper 19th Baroness Dacre Gilsland (age 26). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1800 Karl Franz Viktor Vonalten was born.

On 27 Jul 1809 Robert Nicholas Hamond was born to Philip Hamond of High House in West Acre in Norfolk (age 27) and Anne Packe (age 32).

On 27 Jul 1812 James Alexander 3rd Earl Caledon was born to Du Pre Alexander 2nd Earl Caledon (age 34) and Catherine Yorke Countess Caledon (age 26).

On 27 Jul 1813 Claud Hamilton was born to James Hamilton (age 26) and Harriet Douglas Countess Aberdeen (age 21).

On 27 Jul 1816 Edward Christopher Egerton was born to Wilbraham Egerton (age 34) and Elizabeth Sykes (age 38). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%.

On 27 Jul 1816 Marianne Bosville Macdonald was born to Godfrey Bosville Macdonald (age 40) and Louisa Maria La Coast Hanover (age 34). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1828 Courtenay John Vernon was born to Robert Smith aka (age 28) and Emma Mary Fitzpatrick Baroness Lyveden. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.13%.

On 27 Jul 1845 Sophia Strutt Lady Le Marchant was born to Edward Strutt 1st Baron Belper (age 43) and Amelia Harriet Otter Baroness Belper (age 28).

On 27 Jul 1851 Hannah Rothschild Countess Camden was born to Mayer Amschel Rothschild (age 33).

On 27 Jul 1852 Edward Onslow Ford was born to Edward Ford and Martha Lydia Gardner.

On 27 Jul 1862 Henry Alfred Pegram was born.

On 27 Jul 1888 Oskar Hohenzollern was born to Wilhelm Hohenzollern (age 29) and Empress Auguste Viktoria Oldenburg (age 29). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 27 Jul 1889 Harry Talbot Rice was born to Henry Charles Talbot Rice (age 27).

On 27 Jul 1896 Bridget Helen "Biddy" Ruthven Countess Carlisle was born to Walter Hore Ruthven 10th Lord Ruthven of Freeland (age 26) and Jean Leslie Lampson.

On 27 Jul 1896 Roger Lumley 11th Earl of Scarbrough was born to Osbert Victor George Atheling Lumley (age 38) and Constance Ellinor Wilson-Patten (age 24).

On 27 Jul 1903 Clive Martin Douglas was born to Rolland Edward Douglas (age 29) and Anne Amelia Martin.

On 27 Jul 1905 Beatrice Helen Beckett was born to William Gervase Beckett 1st Baronet (age 39) and Mabel Theresa Duncombe (age 28). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.32%.

On 27 Jul 1917 John Stanier Waller 7th Baronet was born to Stanier Edmund William Waller (age 35).

Marriages on the 27th July

On 27 Jul 1411 Richard Beauchamp 1st Earl of Worcester (age 15) and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 11) were married. She the daughter of Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester and Constance York Countess Gloucester (age 37). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

After 27 Jul 1511 Alexander Gordon 3rd Earl Huntley and Elizabeth Gray Countess Huntley and Rothes (age 46) were married. She by marriage Countess Huntley. He the son of George Gordon 2nd Earl Huntley. They were third cousins.

Before 27 Jul 1526 Edward Chichester and Elizabeth Bourchier were married. She the daughter of John Bourchier 1st Earl Bath (age 56) and Cecily Daubeney Baroness Fitzwarin. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 27 Jul 1591 Robert Myddelton (age 28) and Margaret Mounsell were married.

After 27 Jul 1600 Francis Godolphin (age 60) and Alice Skirret (age 55) were married.

On 27 Jul 1614 George Hastings (age 26) and Alice Freke were married.

Before 27 Jul 1619 Henry Felton 1st Baronet and Dorothy Bacon (age 42) were married.

On or after 27 Jul 1631, the date of the settlement, George Bridgeman (age 24) and Hevenham Pytts were married.

On 27 Jul 1698 Thomas Powell 1st Baronet (age 33) and Judith Herbert Lady Powell were married. She by marriage Lady Powell of Broadway in Carmarthenshire.

On 27 Jul 1712 Henry Oxenden 4th Baronet (age 22) and Anne Holloway Lady Oxenden were married. She by marriage Lady Oxenden of Dene in Kent.

On 27 Jul 1724 Walter Wagstaffe Bagot 5th Baronet (age 21) and Barbara Legge Baroness Bagot (age 15) were married. She by marriage Lady Bagot of Blithfield Hall. They had eight sons and eight daughters. She the daughter of William Legge 1st Earl Dartmouth (age 51) and Anne Finch Countess Dartmouth.

Before 27 Jul 1727 Talbot Yelverton 1st Earl of Sussex (age 37) and Lucy Pelham Countess Sussex were married. She by marriage Countess of Sussex.

On 27 Jul 1742 Joseph Damer 1st Earl Dorchester (age 24) and Caroline Sackville Lady Milton were married. She the daughter of Lionel Cranfield Sackville 1st Duke Dorset (age 54) and Elizabeth Colyear Duchess Dorset (age 53).

On 27 Jul 1758 Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton (age 21) and Anne Warren Baroness Southampton (age 20) were married. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1842 John William Hamilton Anson 2nd Baronet (age 25) and Elizabeth Catherine Pack Lady Anson (age 21) were married.

On 27 Jul 1858 Nelson Rycroft 4th Baronet (age 27) and Juliana Ogilvy Lady Rycroft were married.

On 27 Jul 1858 Augustus Frederick Bampfylde 2nd Baron Poltimore (age 21) and Florence Sarah Wilhelmine Sheridan Baroness Poltimore were married.

On 27 Jul 1865 John Granville Beaumont Pulteney (age 29) and Isabella Stephenson (age 27) were married. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 27 Jul 1889 Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife (age 39) and Louise Windsor Duchess Fife (age 22) were married. She the daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (age 47) and Alexandra Glücksburg Queen Consort England (age 44). He the son of James Duff 5th Earl Fife and Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife. They were half third cousins. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

Before 27 Jul 1896 Osbert Victor George Atheling Lumley (age 38) and Constance Ellinor Wilson-Patten (age 24) were married. He the son of Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough and Adeliza Drummond Countess Scarborough. They were third cousins.

On 27 Jul 1911 Emmund Charrington and Ethel Anne Goff (age 44) were married. She a great granddaughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 27 Jul 1927 Charles Edward Hill-Trevor 3rd Baron Trevor (age 63) and Phyllis May Sims Baroness Trevor (age 24) were married. She by marriage Baroness Trevor of Brynkinalt in Denbighshire. The difference in their ages was 39 years.

On 27 Jul 1934 Victor Montagu 10th Earl Sandwich (age 28) and Maud Rosemary Peto (age 18) were married. He the son of George Charles Montagu 9th Earl Sandwich (age 59) and Alberta Sturges Countess Sandwich (age 56).

Deaths on the 27th July

On 27 Jul 1101 Hugh "Wolf Fat" Avranches 1st Earl Chester (age 54) died.

Florence of Worcester Continuation. 27 Jul 1128. William (age 25), count of Flanders, surnamed The Sad, falling into an ambush, was wounded by his enemies, and, his sufferings increasing, died, amidst universal lamentations, on the sixth of the calends of August [27th July], and was buried at St. Bertin.

On 27 Jul 1233 Ferdinand Burgundy (age 45) died.

On 27 Jul 1276 James I King Aragon (age 68) died. His son Peter III King Aragon (age 36) succeeded III King Aragon.

On 27 Jul 1316 Theobald Verdun 2nd Lord Verdun (age 37) died at Alton Castle, Staffordshire. His son Theobald Verdun 3rd Lord Verdun (age 9) succeeded 3rd Lord Verdun.

On 27 Jul 1365 Rudolph Habsburg IV Duke Austria (age 25) died. His brother Frederick Habsburg III Duke Austria succeeded III Duke Austria.

On 27 Jul 1382 John Saye 4th Baron Say (age 9) died. His sister Elizabeth Saye 5th Baroness Say (age 15) succeeded 5th Baroness Say.

On 27 Jul 1382 John Saye (age 39) died.

On 27 Jul 1398 John la Warr 4th Baron de la Warr (age 54) died without issue. His brother Thomas la Warr 5th Baron de la Warr (age 46) succeeded 5th Baron De La Warr.

On 27 Jul 1398 Blanche Aviz died.

On 27 Jul 1424 Orso Orsini (age 52) died.

On 27 Jul 1469 William "Black William" Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke (age 46) was executed following his capture at the Battle of Edgecote Moor the day before, His son William Herbert 2nd Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Huntingdon (age 18) succeeded 2nd Earl Pembroke, 2nd Baron Herbert of Raglan, 2nd Baron Herbert of Powis. Mary Woodville Countess Pembroke and Huntingdon (age 13) by marriage Countess Pembroke.

His brother Richard Herbert (age 46) was also beheaded on the same day.

On 27 Jul 1474 Margaret Stourtron (age 41) died.

On 27 Jul 1485 Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland (age 27) died.

On 27 Jul 1526 Edward Chichester died.

On 27 Jul 1528 John Savage (age 35) died.

On 27 Jul 1528 Anne Bostock (age 49) died.

On 27 Jul 1543 Richard Grosvenor (age 63) died.

On 27 Jul 1556 Robert Heneage (age 56) died.

On 27 Jul 1556 William Laxton (age 56) died. He was buried at Church of St Mary Aldermary. Thomas Lodge (age 47) and his brother-in-law John Machel (age 54) were principal mourners at his funeral. Both were overseer's of Laxton's will.

On 27 Jul 1558 Frances Giffard (age 38) died at Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire [Map].

On 27 Jul 1559 Edmund Allen Clergyman (age 40) died.

On 27 Jul 1571 Francis Shirley (age 56) died at Staunton Harold, Leicestershire [Map]. He was buried in the Church of St Mary and St Hardulph, Breedon on the Hill [Map]. Elizabethan Period. Chest with Weepers holding Shields. Helm with Folds. Richard and Gabriel Royley of Burton upon Trent.

Francis Shirley: Francis Shirley and Dorothy Giffard were married. The difference in their ages was 24 years; she, unusually, being older than him. Around 26 Jan 1515 he was born to Ralph Shirley at Staunton Harold, Leicestershire.

On 27 Jul 1578 Jane Fitzalan Baroness Lumley (age 41) died. She was buried at Lumley Chapel Cheam, Surrey.

On or before 27 Jul 1593 Joan Oliph died. She was buried 27 Jul 1593.

Before 27 Jul 1599 Jean Hepburn died at Caithness.

On 27 Jul 1600 John Glanville (age 58) died.

On 11 Sep 1617 Anthony Mildmay (age 68) died. He was buried at the Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map]. His inscription reads ... Here sleepeth in the Lord with certaine hope of resurection Sr Antony Mildmay Knt eldet sonne to Sr Walter Mildmay Knt Chaunclor of the Exchequor. to Queene Elizabeth. He was Embassador from Queen Eliza: to the most Christian King of Fraunce Henry the 4th Ano. 1596; He was to Prince and Country faithful, and serviceable, in peace and warre, to freinds constant to enemies reconciliable. Bountiful and loved hospitality. He died September 11 1617.

On 27 Jul 1620 Grace Sharington (age 68) died. She was buried at the Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map]. The inscription of her monument reads ... Here also lyeth Grace Ladie Mildmay the only wife of the saied Sr Antho: Mildmay one of the heyres of Sr Henry Sharington Knt: of Lacock in the County of Wiltes who lived 50 years maried to him and three years a widow after him. she was most devout, unspotedly chast mayd, wife, and widow, compassionate in heart, and charitably helpful with phisick, cloathes, nourishment, or counsels to any in misery, She was most careful and wise in managing worldly estate. So as her life was a blessing to hirs, and hir death she blessed them which hapned July 27 1620.

From RCHME Inventory. It is of grey veined and black marble and is partly gilded and painted. Two effigies lie on a black and white marble tomb chest beneath a baldachino consisting of a shallow dome with a cupola having round-headed openings in its drum, which give light to the interior. The baldachino is supported at each end by a rectangular pier onto which curtains, hanging from the architrave of the dome, are looped. Against the piers are standing figures representing the four Virtues, and the frieze is inscribed 'Devoute', 'Wise', 'Charitable' and 'Just'; the frieze is also inscribed 'Chaste' and 'Valiant'. The head of the figure representing Justice is modern. Seated on the cornice are smaller figures, on the E. of Faith and on the W. of Hope; on the cupola dome is a seated figure of Charity. Crowning the cornice are freestanding cartouches of arms of Mildmay (N.E. and S.E.) and Sherington (N.W. and S.W.). Against the cupola drum are shields of arms of Mildmay impaling Sherington, both quartered with alliances, and Mildmay quarterly. The W. pier of the baldachino is inscribed with a record of the setting up of the monument by Sir Francis Fane (age 37) in 1621. The tomb chest is enriched with emblems of mortality and eulogistically-phrased inscriptions record the lives of Sir Anthony on the S., and of Lady Grace on the N. The effigies lie on rush mats, he in Greenwich armour, she in full mantle, ruff and head-dress. The authorship of the monument is not known but the figures of the four Virtues are in the manner of Maximillian Colt (age 42) (cf. Cecil monument, Hatfield, Hertfordshire); the baldachino may be compared with that over the tomb of the Countess of Derby at Harefield, Middlesex, probably also by Colt (age 42).

Grace Sharington: Around 1552 she was born to Henry Sharington of Lacock in Wiltshire and Anne Paggett of Lacock Abbey. In 1567 Anthony Mildmay and she were married. They lived at Apethorpe Hall, Northamptonshire. In 1581 Henry Sharington of Lacock in Wiltshire died. His two surviving daughters for many disputed his will. According to Grace Sharington her sister Olive Sharington had persuaded their father to change his will. Grace Sharington eventually gained an equal share.

On 27 Jul 1622 Thomas Knyvet 1st Baron Knyvet (age 77) died. He was buried at Stanwell Church Stanwell, Surrey.

On 27 Jul 1626 Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt (age 48) died.

On 27 Jul 1637 John Gerrard Jesuit (age 72) died.

Before 27 Jul 1664 Thomas Alsop Brewer died.

On 27 Jul 1671 Henry Wynn of Rhiwgoch in Merionethshire (age 69) died.

On 27 Jul 1679 Thomas Leventhorpe 4th Baronet (age 43) died at Elvaston [Map] having been kicked by a horse. His uncle Charles Leventhorpe 5th Baronet (age 84) succeeded 5th Baronet Leventhorpe of Shingey Hall in Hertfordshire.

On 27 Jul 1694 George Pitt (age 69) died.

Before 27 Jul 1719, the date he was buried at St Vedast's Church, Tathwell [Map], Porter Chaplin (age 39) died.

On 27 Jul 1721 Alice Sherard Baroness Brownlow (age 62) died.

On 27 Jul 1735 Charles Tyrrell 4th Baronet (age 10) died. His brother John Tyrrell 5th Baronet (age 7) succeeded 5th Baronet Tyrrell of Springfield.

On 27 Jul 1742 Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle (age 46) died.

On 27 Jul 1746 Elizabeth Clent (age 40) died. Her son Brigg Price inherited Narford Hall.

On 27 Jul 1751 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 55) died. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son George Beauclerk 3rd Duke St Albans (age 21) succeeded 3rd Duke St Albans, 3rd Earl Burford, 3rd Baron Heddington.

On 27 Jul 1768 William Dalrymple Crichton 5th Earl Dumfries 4th Earl of Stair (age 69) died. Patrick Mcdouall Crichton 6th Earl Dumfries (age 41) succeeded 6th Earl Dumfries. His first cousin John Dalrymple 5th Earl of Stair (age 48) succeeded 4th Earl of Stair.

On 27 Jul 1769 Catherine Power Countess Tyrone (age 67) died.

On 27 Jul 1772 Henry Perceval died.

On 27 Jul 1772 Karl Ludwig Nassau Weilburg died.

On 27 Jul 1787 John Smith (age 84) died.

On 27 Jul 1789 Oswald Mosley (age 28) died.

On 27 Jul 1803 Elizabeth Tatton (age 55) died.

On 27 Jul 1804 Robert Clements 1st Earl Leitrim (age 71) died. His son Nathaniel Clements 2nd Earl Leitrim (age 36) succeeded 2nd Earl Leitrim.

On 27 Jul 1808 John Thomas Burgh 13th Earl Clanricarde (age 63) died.

On 27 Jul 1809 Edward Methuen Irby (age 21) was killed at the Battle of Talavera.

On 27 Jul 1811 John Lawson 5th Baronet (age 67) died. His brother Henry Lawson 6th Baronet (age 60) succeeded 6th Baronet Lawson of Brough Hall in Yorkshire.

On 27 Jul 1813 Laura Walpole died.

On 27 Jul 1817 Samuel Woodford (age 54) died.

On 27 Jul 1819 John Porter Bishop of Clogher died.

On 27 Jul 1835 Anna Maria Cocks (age 62) died.

On 27 Jul 1842 Thomas Dalrymple Hesketh 3rd Baronet (age 65) died. His son Thomas Hesketh 4th Baronet (age 43) succeeded 4th Baronet Hesketh of Rufford in Lancashire.

On 27 Jul 1856 Selina Mary Hervey Lady Knightley died.

On 27 Jul 1866 Charlotte Herbert Duchess Northumberland (age 78) died at Twickenham, Richmond. She was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].

On 27 Jul 1874 Anselm Salomon von Rothschild (age 71) died.

On 27 Jul 1877 François Blanc (age 70) died.

On 27 Jul 1885 Anne Weld-Forester Countess Chesterfield (age 82) died.

On 29 Apr 1890 Hermit (age 26) died at Blankney Hall. His skeleton was given to the Royal College of Vetinary Surgeons. A hoof was presented to the Prince of Wales who had it fashioned into an ink-stand, writing:

Marlborough House,

July 27/90.

My Dear Harry (age 49) — How kind of you to have sent me the hoof of dear old ! so prettily mounted, which I shall always greatly value and constantly use as an inkstand.

I am also very much touched by the kind expressions in your letter wishing me good luck with my racehorses. Though I can never expect to have the good fortune which attended the Dukes of Portland and Westminster, still I hope with patience to win one or more of the classic races with a horse bred by myself. I sincerely hope you may yet be able to come to Goodwood for a part of the time, at any rate.

Thanking you again for your kind remembrance of me and giving me so interesting a souvenir of your "best friend"

From yours very sincerely,

Albert Edward (age 48).

P.S.—I shall always take the shoe about with me.

On 22 Jan 1899 William Henry Paulett 6th Earl Paulett (age 71) died. His son William John Lydston Poulett 7th Earl Poulett (age 15) succeeded 7th Earl Poulett, 10th Baron Poulett.

The sixth earl's eldest son William Turnour Thomas Poulett (age 49) claimed the title. On 27 Jul 1903 the House of Lords determined the dispute in favour of William John Lydston Poulett 7th Earl Poulett (age 15) somewhat contrary to the principle that the child of a woman born in wedlock was the child of her husband

Report made from the Committee of Privileges:

That the Petitioner, William Turnour Thomas Poulett (age 49), claiming to be Viscount Hinton of Hinton St. George and Earl Poulett, both in the Peerage of England, hath not made out his claim to the dignities, titles, and honours of Viscount Hinton of Hinton St. George and Earl Poulett.

That the Petitioner, Rosa Countess Poulett, formerly the wife and now the widow of William Henry, sixth Earl Poulett, as a testamentary guardian of her infant son William John Lydston (age 15), claiming to be Viscount Hinton of Hinton St. George, in the county of Somerset, and seventh Earl Poulett, both in the Peerage of England, hath made out her claim that the said William John Lydston Poulett (age 15) should be declared to be by right entitled to the dignities, titles, and honours of 299Viscount Hinton of Hinton St. George and Earl Poulett.

Read, and agreed to; and resolved and adjudged accordingly; and Resolution and Judgment to be laid before His Majesty by the Lords with White Staves.

On 27 Jul 1905 Augusta Frederica Langham died.

On 27 Jul 1912 Agnes Mary Manners Tollemache (age 57) died.

On 27 Jul 1931 Charles William Trotter (age 66) died.

On 27 Jul 1960 Cecilie Heathcote-Willoughby-Drummond (age 86) died.

On 27 Jul 1973 Douglas David Edward Vivian (age 58) died.