1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers

1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers is in 14th Century Events.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Battle of Winchelsea

On 29 Aug 1350 the English fleet defeated a Castilian fleet at Winchelsea [Map] during the Battle of Winchelsea. Around twenty Castilian ships were captured; several were sunk. For the English King Edward III of England (age 37) and his son Edward "Black Prince" (age 20), James Audley (age 32), Henry Scrope 1st Baron Scrope Masham (age 37), Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster (age 40) and John Sully (age 67) fought.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Statute of Labourers

In 1351 the Statute of Labourers was a futher attempt by Parliament to constrain worker's wages following the 1348 Black Death Plague Outbreak. In practice, the Statute was poorly enforced and caused considerable resentment, ultimately being one of the causes of the Peasant's Revolt.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Treason Act

In 1351 the Treason Act defined Treason for the first time: High Treason and Petty Treason, and the associated penalties. Hanging, drawing an quartering for men, burning for women.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Statute of Provisors

In 1351 the Statute of Provisors attempted to constrain the appointment of benefices to aliens ie non-English who are not subject to English Laws.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Combat of the Thirty

On 26 Mar 1351 the Combat of the Thirty was an arranged fight between selected combatants from both sides of the conflict, fought at at Guillac, a site midway between the Breton castles of Josselin and Ploërmel among 30 champions, knights, and squires on each side.

Robert Knollys (age 26) took part.

Hugh Calverley (age 27) fought, was captured and ransomed.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Marriage of Charles II King Navarre and Joan Valois

On 12 Feb 1352 Charles "Bad" II King Navarre (age 19) and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre (age 8) were married at Chateau du Vivie, Coutevroult. She by marriage Queen Consort Navarre. She the daughter of King John "The Good" II of France (age 32) and Bonne Luxemburg Queen Consort France. He the son of Philip "Noble" III King Navarre and Joan Capet II Queen Navarre. They were second cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Statute of Praemunire

In 1353 the Statute of Praemunire attempted to constrain the power of Rome over the sovereignty of England.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, St Scholastica Day Riot

On 10 Feb 1355, St Scholatica's Day, the St Scholastica Day Riot took place in Oxford, Oxfordshire [Map]. What started as a disagreement between students and the landlord over the quality of the wine at the Swindlestock Tavern Carfax Oxford, Oxfordshire grew into a three day riot in which around thirty townspeople and sixty students were killed.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Edward Balliol surrenders his claim to be King Scotland

On 20 Jan 1356 Edward Balliol I King Scotland (age 73) surrendered his claim to the Scottish throne to King Edward III of England (age 43) in the presence of William Latimer 4th Baron Latimer of Corby (age 25) in exchange for an English pension.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Battle of Poitiers

On 19 Sep 1356 the army of Edward "Black Prince" (age 26) defeated the French and Scottish army led by King John "The Good" II of France (age 37) at the Battle of Poitiers

King John "The Good" II of France (age 37) was captured by three captains including Ivon aka John Fane.

The the English army included: Bernard Brocas (age 26), Thomas Felton (age 26), James Audley (age 38), Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 43), Bartholomew "The Younger" Burghesh 2nd Baron Burghesh (age 28), Reginald Cobham 1st Baron Cobham (age 61), Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh (age 21), Ralph Ferrers (age 27), William Scrope (age 31), William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 28), Walter Paveley 4th Baron Burghesh (age 37), Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58), William Ufford 2nd Earl Suffolk (age 18), John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford (age 44), John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby (age 33), Thomas Arderne (age 19), Enion Sais Brecon, John Chandos (age 36), Richard Pembridge (age 36), Jean Grailly (age 25), Robert de Fouleshurst (age 26) and John Sully (age 73)

John Savile of Shelley and Golcar (age 31) probably fought having received letters of protection to travel overseas.

Hugh Courtenay 10th Earl Devon (age 53) protected the baggage train.

The French and Scottish army included: King John "The Good" II of France (age 37), Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy (age 14), Jean Bourbon I Count La Marche (age 12), Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 26), John "Sans Terre" Artois 1st Count Eu (age 35); all captured.

Guichard d'Angle 1st Earl Huntingdon and William Douglas 1st Earl Douglas (age 33) fought.

Peter Bourbon Duke Bourbon (age 45) was killed. His son Louis Bourbon II Duke Bourbon (age 19) succeeded II Duke Bourbon.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, 34th Parliament Edward III

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, 1358 St Georges Day Celebrations

On 21 Apr 1358 Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 63) attended the St Georges Day Celebrations (1358) wearing a dress made of silk, silver, 300 rubies, 1800 pearls and a circlet of gold.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Death of Isabella of France Queen Consort

Archaeologia Volume 35 1853 XXXIII. On the 21st [Aug 1358] the Countess of Warren (age 62) arrived at the Castle [Map], and remained during the following day, to attend at the death-bed of Queen Isabella (age 63), who expired on the 22nd of August. Sir John de Wynewyk also supped at the castle on the day of the Queen's death.

Respecting Isabella's death, she is stated by chroniclers to have sunk, in the course of a single day, under the effect of a too powerful medicine, administered at her own desire. From several entries however in this account, it would appear that she had been in a state requiring medical treatment for some time previous to her decease.

As early as the 15th of February a payment had been made to a messenger going on three several occasions to London, for divers medicines for the Queen, and for the hire of a horse for Master Lawrence, the physician; and again for another journey by night to London. On the same day a second payment was made to the same messenger for two other journeys by night to London, and two to St. Alban's, to procure medicines for the Queen. On the 1st of August a payment was made to Nicholas Thomasyn apothecary, of London, for divers spices and ointment supplied for the Queen's use. On the 12th of August messengers were paid for several night journeys to London for medicines. On the 20th of August, two days only before the Queen's death, payment was made to a messenger who had been sent to London to fetch Master Simon de Bredon "ad videndum statum Reginæ1." Increased alarm for the Queen's health is now visible, for by a payment made on the 24th of August, two days after her death, it appears that a messenger had been sent to Canterbury "cum maxima festinatione2" with letters of the Queen, to bring Master Lawrence, the physician, to see the Queen's state. And another entry occurs of a payment made on the 12th of September to Master Lawrence, of forty shillings, for attendance on the Queen and the Queen of Scotland, at Hertford, for an entire month. Finally an allowance is made to the accountant, on the 6th of December, in terms which, as they are somewhat obscure, I prefer to quote in the original words, "Magistro Johanni Gateneys, de dono, in precio xv. florenorum de xl. denariis, sibi liberatorum in vita Reginæ, ad decoquend' cum medicinis pro corpore Reginæ3, l. s."

It is evident that the body of the Queen remained in the chapel of the Castle until the 23rd of November, as a payment is made to fourteen poor persons for watching the Queen's corpse there, day and night, from Saturday the 25th of August to that date, each of them receiving two pence daily, besides his food. The body was probably removed from Hertford Castle on the 24th of November, as we find, by the continuation of the Account of the expenses of the household, that on the 22nd and 23rd the Bishop of Lincoln, the Abbot of Waltham (? ), the Prior of Coventry, and "plures extranei4" were there for the performance of a solemn mass in the chapel; and the daily expenditure on those days, and on the 24th, rises from the average of six pounds to fifteen and twenty-five pounds. Moreover, from the 25th to the 28th of November the household is in London, after which it returns again to Hertford. The statement, therefore, of chroniclers that the Queen's funeral took place on the 27th is confirmed. She was interred in the choir of the church of the Grey Friars [Map], within Newgate, now Christ Church, the Archbishop of Canterbury officiating, and the King (age 45) himself being present at the ceremony. Just twenty-eight years before, on nearly the same day, the body of her paramour Mortimer was consigned to its grave in the same building

Note 1. "to see the state of the Queen".

Note 2. "with the greatest haste".

Note 3. "to see the state of the Queen's Master John Gateneys, of the gift, at the price of xv. 40 florins denarii, which had been delivered to him during the Queen's lifetime, to be decoctioned together with the medicines for the Queen's body".

Note 4. "many strangers".

On 22 Aug 1358 Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 63) died at Hertford Castle [Map]; see Archaeologia Vol. 35 XXXIII. She was buried in Christ Church Greyfriars [Map].

The funeral was performed by Archbishop Simon Islip. She was buried in the mantle she had worn at her wedding and at her request, Edward's heart, placed into a casket thirty years before, was interred with her.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Double Royal Wedding

In May 1359 King Edward III of England (age 46) and his son Edward "Black Prince" (age 28) took part in a tournament in London. For the amusement of the citizens both Edwards and their friends dressed as the mayor and aldermen of London. The tournament possibly in celebration of the two Royal marriages of his children John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 19) and Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Pembroke (age 12) on 19 May 1359.

On 19 May 1359 , or thereabouts, a double-royal wedding celebration took place at Reading Abbey [Map] whereby two children of King Edward III of England (age 46) were married:

John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 19) and Blanche Plantagenet Duchess Lancaster (age 14) were married. She by marriage Countess Richmond. She the daughter of Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster (age 49) and Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster (age 39). He the son of King Edward III of England (age 46) and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 44). They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 11) and Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Pembroke (age 12) were married. At the time John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 11) was a ward of King Edward III of England (age 55) who would enjoy the benefit of the substantial revenue of the Earldom of Pembroke until John came of age nine years later on 12 Sep 1368. She died two or so years later probably of plague. She the daughter of King Edward III of England (age 46) and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 44). He the son of Laurence Hastings 1st Earl Pembroke and Agnes Mortimer Countess of Pembroke (age 42). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King John "Lackland" of England.

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, Funeral of William Greystoke

After 10 Jul 1359 William Greystoke 2nd Baron Greystoke (age 38) was buried at St Andrew's Church, Greystoke [Map] during the Funeral of William Greystoke conducted by Bishop Gilbert Welton and attended by Roger Clifford 5th Baron Clifford (age 26), Henry Scrope 1st Baron Scrope Masham (age 46) and Thomas Musgrave 1st Baron Musgrave (age 57).

2nd Millennium, 14th Century Events, 1350-1359 Battles of Winchelsea and Poitiers, de Bohun Fitzalan Double Wedding

In Sep 1359, a case of Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings, siblings from the de Bohun family, children of William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 49), his only children, and the Fitzalan family, children of Richard Fitzalan 10th Earl Arundel 8th Earl Surrey 1306, were married:

Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl Surrey 11th Earl Arundel (age 13) and Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey (age 9) were married. She the daughter of William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 49) and Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton. He the son of Richard Fitzalan 10th Earl Arundel 8th Earl Surrey (age 53) and Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey (age 40). They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton (age 18) and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton (age 12) were married. She the daughter of Richard Fitzalan 10th Earl Arundel 8th Earl Surrey (age 53) and Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey (age 40). He the son of William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 49) and Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton. They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.