Fluted Period

Fluted Period is in Church Monument Periods.

The Fluted Period is characterised by effigies being bare-headed with no facial hair, with a Standard protecting the neck, and with a two piece breast-plate. It commencesa round 1460 and ends around 1530. It is sometimes described as the Yorkist Period, commencing when the Yorkist reign commenced, although it applies to both Yorkists and Lancastrians.

Portraits generic bar changes in hair length, and the occasional detail such as hair curls. Especially when compared to the work of later sculptors such as Chantrey, Roubiliac, Nollekens, Westmacott, etc who had access to images of the deceased and whose work clearly shows differences in faces. Gardner in his 1939 book "Alabaster Tombs of the Pre-Reformation Period in England", page 24, states "Portraiture: In seeking to identify the figures on the tombs with actual persons it must be borne in mid that portraiture, in the modern sense of the word, can hardly be said to have existed in medieval times. It is possibly that here and there some attempt to conform to the general type of the person represented, especially in the case of kings or very great people, but the images seem to have paid far greater attention to costume and armour, to badges of rank or fashionable head-dress than to the actual features of the deceased. ... If we look through a series of photographs we cannot fail to notice how they all conform to the fashionable type of the period." Ray State in his 2017 book "The Alabaster Carvers", page 38, states "Most medieval effigies were not portraits. They were not the work of incompetent masons but were intended to represent types. A man in armour of the finest sort with a wife dressed in accordance with the fashion of the period made a statement. In fact, costume was all important." Tobias Capwell in his 2015 book "Armour of the English Knight 1400-1450", pages 36-37, has an interesting discussion about whether effigies were portraits drawing attention to some examples that appear to be, and that some of the effigies were painted which may have allowed for additional detail ... "The point is that while the face may seem to lack individual personality, the armour does not. Perhaps it is not a portrait of a face, but it most certainly is a portrait of an armour." Capwell also quotes Saul's book of 2009 page 143, which I don't have, "it goes without saying that medieval effigies were not portraits." Capwell concludes "Perhaps therefore we may consider the military effigy to have been intended as a portrait of the armour, if not the man inside."

The photos are of a harness based on the effigy at Church of St Michael and All Angels, Thornhill [Map] commissioned by Mark Dowling from armourer Fred Ryall. Photos by permission of Mark Dowling.

In 1406 John Curzon died. Monument in All Saints Church, Kedleston [Map]. Fluted Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar. Reset in tomb recess with depressed crocketed and pinnacled ogee arch, with shields above. This effigy is somewhat anomalous being much earlier than other Fluted Period effigies. It may have been decades after John Curzon died, or may be a mis-attribution, or the effigy may have been placed into the arch from another monument at a later date.

John Curzon: John Curzon and Eleanor Twyford were married. he was born to Roger Curzon.

In 1436 John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke (age 47) died. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Greystoke [Map]. His son Ralph Greystoke 5th Baron Greystoke (age 22) succeeded 5th Baron Greystoke. Monument in St Andrew's Church, Greystoke [Map]. Fluted Period. His Pauldrons are unusual in their style. His arms are fully encased in plate with a couter (or coude) protecting the elbow joint. Fine detail of the straps that held the armour in place may be seen on the underarms. A gorget, has replaced the camail. His head is, very unusually, bare as is his face, his hair cut in the style so typical of portraits of Henry V. The effigy was possibly made somewhat after John's death or, possibly, that the effigy has been incorrectly assigned. His head rests on the decorated tournament helm. He wears the Lancastrian Esses Collar. John had supported the usurpation of Richard II by Henry IV in the 1390s; staunch Lancastrians. John had married, in 1407, Elizabeth Ferrers, daughter of Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III. Two sword belts: diagonal (bawdric) and horizontal. The jupon, beneath the waist has been replaced by a fauld; horizontal strips of metal that wrap around.

John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke: In 1389 he was born to Ralph Greystoke 3rd Baron Greystoke and Catherine Clifford Baroness Greystoke. On 28 Oct 1407 John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke and Elizabeth Ferrers Baroness Greystoke were married at Greystoke Castle, Cumberland. She by marriage Baroness Greystoke. She the daughter of Robert Ferrers and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England. On 06 Apr 1418 Ralph Greystoke 3rd Baron Greystoke died. He was buried at Newminster Abbey. His son John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke succeeded 4th Baron Greystoke.

Around 1442. Monument to Richard Dalton of Apethorpe -1442. Unusual floor slab effigy. Armour later than 1442 circa 1500. Fluted Period. Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map].

After 1443. St Peter's Church, Chillingham [Map]. Alabaster effigies of Ralph Grey and Elizabeth Fitzhugh on sandstone base. Fluted Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar.

Ralph Grey: In 1406 he was born to Thomas Grey of Werke and Heaton and Alice Neville. On 10 Dec 1427 Ralph Grey and Elizabeth Fitzhugh were married. She the daughter of Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Grey Baroness Fitzhugh. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 17 Mar 1442 Ralph Grey died.

Elizabeth Fitzhugh: she was born to Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Grey Baroness Fitzhugh.

John Curzon: Around 1380 he was born to Richard Curzon at Kedleston. Before 1412 John Curzon and Joan Bagot were married. The difference in their ages was 20 years.

Joan Bagot: Around 1400 she was born to John Bagot and Beatrice Mallory.

After 30 Mar 1461. Monument in Church of St Oswald, Methley [Map] to Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles (deceased) and Joan or Cecily Waterton. He with bobbed hair typical of the period resting on great helm, livery collar of linked chain, standard (the chain mail around the neck), wearing a coat of arms (or (gold) a lion sable (black)), leg garter at the knee, fluted period with tassets that protect the thighs, his feet on a lion. She wearing a horned headdress, her head resting on a cushion supported by angels, small linked collar. Both with hands clasped in prayer with lots of rings. Little dog chewing at her dress. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Dogs chewing at her dress with Studded Collar. Angels Supporting Pillow.

Joan or Cecily Waterton: she was born to Robert Waterton Constable and Cecily Fleming. Before 14 Apr 1447 Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles and she were married. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

Around 1465. All Saints Church Harewood [Map]. Monument to William Gascoigne XII (age 56) and Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter. Fluted Period. Suns and Roses Collar. His bare head, with finely detailed hair, no facial hair, rests on an unusual helm which appears to be a Maiden's Face, with an orle. Below the waist faulds and tassets under which mail may be seen. Both rest on a chest tomb with finely detailed weepers on each side. She, on his right, with a Widow's Barbe drawn up to her chin at the finely carved end of her dress two dogs, one pulling at the folds. Dogs chewing at her dress with Studded Collar. Dress Folds at Feet.

William Gascoigne XII: Around 1409 he was born to William Gascoigne at Gawthorpe Hall. On 07 Feb 1426 William Gascoigne XII and Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter were married. Around 1465 William Gascoigne XII died at Gawthorpe Hall. All Saints Church Harewood.

Around 1470. Church of St John the Baptist Dronfield [Map]. Monument to Richard Barley. Alabaster. Fluted Period. Large Tassets overlaying lames. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields.

On 19 Nov 1473 Nicholas Fitzherbert (age 73) died at Norbury, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map]. Fluted Period. Fine set of weepers. Probably Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Nicholas Fitzherbert: Nicholas Fitzherbert and Alice Booth were married. In 1400 he was born to Henry Fitzherbert and Amilia Downes at Norbury, Derbyshire.

Clenched Fist Crest usually left-handed; probably a mistake by the sculptor since left-hand suggests illegitimacy.

Suns and Roses Collar.

Feet resting on a Lion with Chunky Lions Mane.

Chest with Weepers.

Two wives shown on one end.

After 12 Oct 1477. Church of St John The Baptist, Kinlet [Map]. Monument to Humphrey Blount (deceased) and Elizabeth Winnington. Fluted Period. He wearing a Suns and Roses Collar. She wearing a fine Horned Headdress with large flap as also detailed in the weepers. Dress Folds at Feet. Dogs chewing at her dress with Studded Collar. Chest with Weepers holding Shields.

Humphrey Blount: In 1421 he was born to John Blount and Alice Bere at Rock, Worcestershire. In 1446 William Lichfield died. The estates at Kinlet, Cleobury Mortimer were inherited by Humphrey Blount who was the grandson of John Blount of Sodington who had married Isabella Cornwall who was the aunt of William's wife Elizabeth Cornwall. In or before 1447 Humphrey Blount and Elizabeth Winnington were married. On 12 Oct 1477 Humphrey Blount died at Kinlet, Cleobury Mortimer.

On 02 Mar 1484 Ralph Fitzherbert (age 56) died at Norbury, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map].

On 20 Oct 1490 Elizabeth Marshall (age 53) died. She was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map].

Monument to Ralph and Elizabeth. Finely made in Chellaston alabaster of the Fluted Period. Possibly Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Ralph Fitzherbert: Ralph Fitzherbert and Elizabeth Marshall were married. Around 1428 he was born to Nicholas Fitzherbert and Alice Booth at Norbury, Derbyshire.

Elizabeth Marshall: Around 1437 she was born to John Marshall.

Bobbed hair with finely detailed ringlets. No facial hair. Suns and Roses Collar and the Fitzherbert Clenched Fist Crest.

His effigy notable for being the only remaining with the Yorkist Boar Pendant (boar of Richard III) on his Suns and Roses Collar.

A finely carved Horned Headdress.

A finely carved collar with Mary and baby Jesus pendant.

Fine Sabatons, the armoured feet, with spurs. Note the Bedesman, looking somewhat bored, under the right foot. Unlikely the sculptor had ever seen a lion. Feet resting on a Lion with Swirling Tail and Chunky Lions Mane.

The chest finely made with weepers on the three extant sides. On one side five single men (a knight, a monk, two merchants and one unknown), and one couple. On the other side women, four single, two duos. Ralph and Elizabeth had twelve children, six male, six female so probable the weepers represent their children, possibly with spouses, possibly with offspring since in the two females duos there is a noticeable difference in height.

Excellent weepers on all sides, probably their issue, possibly with grandchildren, on the longer sides since they had six boys and six girls. Chest with Weepers holding Shields.

On 12 Mar 1487 William Gascoigne (age 35) died at Gawthorpe Hall [Map]. All Saints Church Harewood [Map]. Monument to William Gascoigne (age 35) and Margaret Percy (age 40). Fluted Period. Alabaster chest tomb with a fine array of weepers, possibly their children although too many, women one side, nine men the other, one of which appears with angels wings, possible children and spouses. He wearing a Lancastrian Esses Collar with unusual O links. Clean shaved, no bascinet, his head resting on a helm with bulls head crest. His armour plate over which there appears to be, unusually for the period, a tabard.  The left hand side of his face appears disfigured. Possibly a war wound. She wearing the widow's barbe. Note. Gardner describes this monument as being to Sir John Nevill of Womersley, died 1482. Chest with Weepers. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Angels Supporting Pillow.

William Gascoigne: Around 1452 he was born to William Gascoigne XIII and Joan Neville at Gawthorpe Hall. Before 1467 William Gascoigne and Margaret Percy were married. She the daughter of Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland and Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland. They were half second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. In 1478 he was appointed Knight of the Bath. In 1480 William Gascoigne received a license to crenellate at Gawthorpe Hall.

Margaret Percy: Around 1447 she was born to Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland and Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

After 1488. All Saints Church, Youlgreave [Map]. Monument to Thomas Cockayne (deceased). An unusual monument insofar as it half-life sized apparently as a result of his dying before his father John Cockayne (age 77). Fluted Period. Suns and Roses Collar. Cockayne Cockerel Crest. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings. Chest with Weepers holding Shields.

Thomas Cockayne: In 1451 he was born to John Cockayne and Agnes Vernon at Ashbourne. In or before 1477 Thomas Cockayne and Agnes Barlow aka Barley were married. Around 1488 Thomas Cockayne was killed in a fight with Thomas Burdett, possibly his brother-in-law, at Polsworth over inheritance or dower.

John Cockayne: John Cockayne and Agnes Vernon were married. They were half third cousins. In 1411 he was born to John Cockayne and Isabel Shirley at Ashbourne. In May 1504 John Cockayne died at Ashbourne.

After 10 May 1490 Alice Southill (age 30) was buried at Church of St Peter and St Paul, Exton, Rutlandshire [Map]. After 05 Nov 1524 John Harrington (age 44) was buried with his wife.

Fluted Period. Esses and Roses Collar.

Alice Southill: Around 1460 she was born to Henry Southill at Everingham. Before 10 May 1490 she died. In 1500 John Harrington and she were married. The difference in their ages was 20 years; she, unusually, being older than him.

John Harrington: After 1480 he was born to Robert Harrington at Exton, Rutlandshire. Date adjusted from 1473 to 1480 to be consistent with father's birth in 1465. On 05 Nov 1524 John Harrington died at Exton, Rutlandshire.

In 1499 Henry Pierrepont (age 69) died. Fluted Period. Finely carved. Lots of rings on fingers. Suns and Roses Collar. Tomb chest possibly not original. Church of St Edmund Holme Pierrepont [Map].

Henry Pierrepont: In 1430 he was born to Henry Pierrepont and Thomasine Melton at Holme Pierrepont. In 1464 Henry Pierrepont rewarded by King Edward IV of England for his good and laudable services at his great cost and charges, and with manifold bodily dangers against the king's rebels levying war against him.

On 30 May 1499 John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne (age 57) died. Fluted Period. Alabaster Monument at Salisbury Cathedral [Map].

Fluted armour typified by having no headwear, being clean shaven, a breastplate in two pieces and the neck protected by a Standard. Damaged angel, its head removed, holding the cushion on which his head rests. He wearing a Lancastrian Esses Collar with large Esses. Ringed fingers.

Detail of the heavily graffitied Shoulder Garter.

Detail of the heavily graffitied Leg Garter and Poleyn.

Mutilated Lion at his feet with its head missing. The figure beneath his right foot appears to be a Bedesman. That beneath his left foot may be the remains of the means by which a bedesman was originally fixed to the foot. What appears to be a birds foot lying across the lions body is the tail of the lion.

After 22 Jan 1502 John Strelley (age 46) was buried at All Saints' Church Strelley [Map]. Monument to John Strelley (deceased) and Sanchia Willoughby (age 50). Fluted Period. Described as the finest alabaster monument in the country. Chellaston alabaster. Bobbed hair to the shoulder. Feet resting on a Lion, two fine Bedesmen, one male, one female;possibly Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Great helm with Saracen's Head Crest, strangled as denoted by the tongue out. Extended mantling. Four arms above the effigies represent, from left to right: Strelley impaled Kempe - his father Robert Strelley and his mother Isabel Kempe, Strelley Arms impaled Willoughby - John and his wife, Strelley impaled Pierrepoint - John's paternal great-grandfather Nicholas Strelley and great-grandmother Elizabeth Pierrepoint.

After 1503. Effigies believed to be of Thomas Sapcote of Burley (deceased) and his wife Joan Fraunceys. Fluted Period. Note the small dogs chewing at her dress suggesting the work undertaken by Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Holy Cross Church, Burley-on-the-Hill [Map]. Unusual insofar as he is wearing a helmet which is not typical for the Fluted Period.

Thomas Sapcote of Burley: After 1440 he was born. In or before 1489 he and Joan Fraunceys were married. Around 1503 he died.

Joan Fraunceys: she was born to John Fraunceys and Isabel de Plessington. On 26 Oct 1492 Isabel de Plessington died. Her daughter Joan Fraunceys inherited Burley-on-the-Hill House.

After 1503. Monument to John de la Pole 2nd Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth York Duchess Suffolk (age 58) in St Andrew's Church, Wingfield [Map]. Finely made Fluted Period alabaster monument. Both wearing their ducal coronets. He wearing a Leg Garter. His head resting on a great helm with Saracen's Head Crest, feet resting on a Lion. Chunky Lions Mane.

Edith Latimer: Before 1479 John Greene and she were married. Around 1450 she was born to Nicholas Latimer and Joan Hody at Duntish, Dorset. Before 1475 John Mordaunt and she were married. The date somewhat unreliable. Her first husband John Greene is supposed to have died in 1483 which makes the date of her marriage to John Mordaunt and the birth of her sons by him unreliable? On 01 Sep 1504 Edith Latimer died at Turvey. She was buried at All Saints Church, Turvey.

After 29 Jul 1509. St Mary the Virgin Church, Chipping Norton [Map]. Monument to Richard "The Elder" Croft and Eleanor Cornwall (age 81). Finely made in alabaster. Fluted Period. Two complete effigies,still Gothic in line and detail, on a crocketed niched chest with angels and shields. Chunky Lions Mane. Chest with Weepers. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Gabled Headress with Lappets.

Richard "The Elder" Croft: he was born to William Croft in Croft Castle, Herefordshire. Before 1458 Richard "The Elder" Croft and Agnes or Annes Fox were married. In or before 1470 Richard "The Elder" Croft and Eleanor Cornwall were married. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 29 Jul 1509 Richard "The Elder" Croft died in Croft Castle, Herefordshire.

Eleanor Cornwall: In 1428 she was born to Edmund Cornwall and Elizabeth Barre at Burford, Shropshire. Around 1454 Hugh Mortimer and she were married. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 23 Dec 1519 Eleanor Cornwall died at Yarpole, Herefordshire.

On 27 Sep 1510 Edward Redman Lord Harewood (age 55) died. All Saints Church Harewood [Map]. Monument to Edward Redman Lord Harewood (age 55) and Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood (age 60). Fluted Period. Esses and Roses Collar. Dogs Head Crest. She wearing a simple headdress with veil falling low on the shoulders. The carving somewhat reminiscent of Alice Chaucer's. Monument in Ewelme [Map], Oxfordshire. Angels Supporting Pillow. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Chest with Weepers.

Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood: Edward Redman Lord Harewood and she were married. In 1450 she was born to John Huddlestone 7th Lord Millom and Mary Fenwick Lady Millom. Around 1483 William Redman Lord Harewood died. He was buried at Levens, Heversham. His brother Edward Redman Lord Harewood succeeded Lord Harewood. She by marriage Lord Harewood. On 31 May 1526 Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood died.

After 1515. St Bartholemew's Church, Tong [Map]. Monument to Henry Vernon (age 70) and Anne Talbot in a wide Burgundian arch between the south aisle and the Golden Chapel. Fluted Period. Angels Supporting Pillow.

Henry Vernon: Around 1445 he was born to William Vernon at Haddon Hall. Before 1451 Henry Vernon and Anne Talbot were married. She the daughter of John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury and Elizabeth Butler Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 13 Apr 1515 Henry Vernon died at Haddon Hall. He was buried at St Bartholemew's Church, Tong.

Anne Talbot: In 1445 she was born to John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury and Elizabeth Butler Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford at Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Before 1450 Ralph Shirley and she were married. She the daughter of John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury and Elizabeth Butler Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 17 May 1494 Anne Talbot died at Shrewsbury, Shropshire. She was buried at St Bartholemew's Church, Tong.

After 1517. St Bartholemew's Church, Tong [Map]. Monument to Richard Vernon (age 40) and Margaret Dymoke (age 17). Fluted Period. Angels Supporting Pillow. The alabaster chest was once used as the altar. He with an Lancastrian Esses Collar and Tudor Rose Pendant. Chest with Bedesmen. Note the swirling tail at his feet which may indicate the work of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Richard Vernon: Around 1477 he was born to Henry Vernon and Anne Talbot. In or before 1508 Richard Vernon and Margaret Dymoke were married. The difference in their ages was 23 years. In Aug 1517 Richard Vernon died. He was buried at St Bartholemew's Church, Tong.

On 13 Mar 1518 Thomas Babington of Dethick (age 69) died at Ashover, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at All Saints Church, Ashover, Derbyshire [Map].

Monument to Thomas Babington of Dethick (age 69) and Editha Fitzherbert. Excellent painted alabaster monument of the Fluted Period with the colours much refreshed. Carved by Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings. The monument was probably erected shortly after Edith died. Thomas's will requests the tomb not be disturbed when dies:

I will my body be buryed in my parish church of Ashover, nere by wif Edith, it it fortune me to deceas within xx. myles of the same. And ells in such place as shalbe thought by them that shalbe wt me at the tyme of my diceas; But I will not that the Tombe which I have made in the Church of Ashover be broken or hurt for my carkas, but that it be leyde nere the same, and over that place that I shall lye in, a stone with a scripture after myne executors and supervisour myndis or the more parte of them to be leyde."

She wearing a Gabled Headress with long lappets.

He in civilian clothes with a purse (aka scrip aka gypciere) hanging from his belt.

Dogs chewing at her dress suggests Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent carved the monument.

The chest tomb of exceptional quality with the fifteen weepers under crocketed canopies broadly undamaged. The weepers on the sides are believed to represent Thomas and Editha's children, possibly fourteen, and their respective spouses. The chest tomb now abuts the south wall of the chancel meaning only three sides visible.

Thomas Babington of Dethick (age 69) and Editha Fitzherbert with Saints Catherine and Thomas of Canterbury in the centre.

Babington Arms impaled Fitzherbert Arms.

Isabel Neville: William Huddlestone and she were married. She the daughter of John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. After 25 Apr 1457 she was born to John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. In or before 1492 William Smythe and she were married. The difference in their ages was 22 years; she, unusually, being older than him. She the daughter of John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. On 12 Oct 1516 Isabel Neville died.

William Smythe: In 1480 he was born. In 1526 he died.

Anne Staunton: she was born to William Staunton and Margery Stanley. Before 29 Nov 1529 she died.

John ap Ellis Eyton: In 1526 he died.

Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields indicative of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Detail of his head. Categorised as Fluted Period. Note the absence of headwear, his being clean shaven and the Standard protecting the neck all of which define the Fluted Period.

Before it was damaged this was a dog chewing at the hem of her dress; also indicative of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

She wearing a Gabled Headress.

Tudor Roses on his sword pommel.

Bedesman and Swirling Tail both indicative of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

A curious lion at his feet. Unlikely the carver had ever seen a lion.

Lancastrian Esses Collar.

Detail of the orle, mantling and what remains of the crest on his Great Helm. Difficult to tell what it was originally.

Randle Brereton of Malpas: Around 1480 he was born to Randle Brereton of Malpas. There is some confusion here with so many Randle Breretons. Some sources insert another generation between Randle Brereton 1480-1530 and his father although doing so makes the dates inconsistent. In or before 1499 Randle Brereton of Malpas and Eleanor Dutton were married.

Eleanor Dutton: In 1484 she was born to Peter Dutton. In 1522 Eleanor Dutton died at Malpas.

On 14 Feb 1531 John Blount (age 62) died at Kinlet, Cleobury Mortimer [Map]. He was buried at Church of St John The Baptist, Kinlet [Map].

Monument to John Blount (age 62) and Catherine Peshall (age 47). Fluted Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar with Big Esses. Long bobbed hair, no facial hair. Bare hands; gauntlets at the right side of the legs. She wearing a short Gabled Headress. Chest tomb somewhat of the wrong period ie Renaissance suggesting this may be a replacement effigy, or re-used. Probably Richard Parker of Burton on Trent.

John Blount: Around 1469 he was born to Thomas Blount and Anne Croft at Kinlet, Cleobury Mortimer. Before 1498 John Blount and Catherine Peshall were married.

Catherine Peshall: In 1484 she was born to Hugh Peshall. In 1540 she died.

Unknown. Monument in St Oswald's Church, Ashbourne [Map]. Fluted Period.