Text this colour links to Pages. Text this colour links to Family Trees. Text this colour are links that `abled for Guests.
Place the mouse over images to see a larger image. Click on paintings to see the painter's Biography Page.
Mouse over links for a preview. Move the mouse off the painting or link to close the popup.
All About History Books
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Paternal Family Tree: Bernicia
Before 590 [his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 18) and [his mother] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Bernicia. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Aella King Deira. He the son of [his grandfather] Æthelric King Bernicia.
In 590 Eanfrith was born to [his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 18) and [his mother] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
Around 592 Hussa of Bernicia died. [his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 20) succeeded King Bernicia.
In 603 the Battle of Degsastan was fought between [his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 31) and a combined Irish and Scottish army commanded by Áedán mac Gabráin King of Dál Riata. Æthelfrith's army won a decisive victory although his brother Theobald was killed by Máel Umai mac Báetáin.
[his uncle] Theobald Bernicia was killed.
Around 604 [his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 32) succeeded King Deira. [his mother] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria by marriage Queen Consort Deira.
Before 616 [his son] Taloran King Picts was born to Eanfrith (age 25).
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 617. This year was [his father] Ethelfrith (age 45), king of the Northumbrians, slain by Redwald (age 47), king of the East-Angles; and [his uncle] Edwin (age 31), the son of [his grandfather] Ella, having succeeded to the kingdom, subdued all Britain, except the men of Kent alone, and drove out the Ethelings, the sons of Ethelfrith, namely, Enfrid (age 27), [his brother] Oswald (age 13), [his brother] Oswy (age 5), [his brother] Oslac, [his brother] Oswood, [his brother] Oslaf, and [his brother] Offa.
In 617 Raedwald King East Anglia (age 47) and his son Raegenhere Wuffingas fought the Battle of the River Idle which took place at the River Idle, Markham Moor which forms the western border of the Isle of Lindsey [Map].
Raegenhere Wuffingas was killed.
[his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 45) was killed. [his uncle] King Edwin of Northumbria (age 31) succeeded King Northumbria.
In or before 630 [his brother] King Oswiu of Northumbria (age 17) and [his sister-in-law] Rhiainfellt Rheged Queen Consort Bernicia were married. He the son of [his father] Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and [his mother] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
All About History Books
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Bede. 633. AD. How King Edwin's next successors lost both the faith of their nation and the kingdom; but the most Christian King Oswald retrieved both.
[his uncle] Edwin (age 47) being slain in battle, the kingdom of the Deiri, to which province his family belonged, and where he first began to reign, passed to Osric, the son of his uncle Aelfric, who, through the preaching of Paulinus, had also received the mysteries of the faith. But the kingdom of the Bernicians-for into these two provinces the nation of the Northumbrians was formerly divided282-passed to Eanfrid (age 43), the son of [his father] Ethelfrid283, who derived his origin from the royal family of that province. For all the time that Edwin reigned, the sons of the aforesaid Ethelfrid, who had reigned before him, with many of the younger nobility, lived in banishment among the Scots or Picts, and were there instructed according to the doctrine of the Scots, and were renewed with the grace of Baptism. Upon the death of the king, their enemy, they were allowed to return home, and the aforesaid Eanfrid, as the eldest of them, became king of the Bernicians. Both those kings284, as soon as they obtained the government of their earthly kingdoms, abjured and betrayed the mysteries of the heavenly kingdom to which they had been admitted, and again delivered themselves up to defilement and perdition through the abominations of their former idolatry.
Note 282. Cf. II, 1, p. 82.
Note 283. I, 34; II, 2, 12.
Note 284. i.e., Osric and Eanfrid.
On 12th October 633 King Penda's alliance of Gwynedd and Mercia defeated the Northumbrians at the Battle of Hatfield Chase.
Eadfrith Deira was captured.
[his uncle] King Edwin of Northumbria (age 47) was killed. He was buried at Whitby Abbey [Map] - see Bede. His first cousin Osric succeeded King Deira. His nephew Eanfrith (age 43) succeeded King Bernicia.
Edwin's son Osfrith Deira was killed.
After 12th October 633Eadfrith Deira was killed. His half first cousin Eanfrith (age 43) succeeded King Bernicia.
In 634 Eanfrith (age 44) was killed.
In 634 [his brother] King Oswald of Northumberland (age 30) won a decisive victory over the army of the Cadwallon ap Cadfan King Gwynedd at the Battle of Heavenfield which was fought at Heavenfield, Northumberland [Map] around six miles north of Hexham, Northumberland [Map].
Cadwallon ap Cadfan King Gwynedd was killed at a place Bede describes as Denisesburna which is possibly Rowley Water some eight miles south of the site of the battle.
In 634 [his brother] King Oswald of Northumberland (age 30) succeeded King Northumbria. Kyneburga Unknown Queen Northumbria by marriage Queen Northumbria.
Bede. 634. But soon after, the king of the Britons, Caedwalla285, the unrighteous instrument of rightful vengeance, slew them both. First, in the following summer, he put Osric to death; for, being rashly besieged by him in the municipal town [Map]286, he sallied out on a sudden with all his forces, took him by surprise, and destroyed him and all his army. Then, when he had occupied the provinces of the Northumbrians for a whole year287, not ruling them like a victorious king, but ravaging them like a furious tyrant, he at length put an end to Eanfrid (age 44), in like manner, when he unadvisedly came to him with only twelve chosen soldiers, to sue for peace. To this day, that year is looked upon as ill-omened, and hateful to all good men; as well on account of the apostacy of the English kings, who had renounced the mysteries of the faith, as of the outrageous tyranny of the British king. Hence it has been generally agreed, in reckoning the dates of the kings, to abolish the memory of those faithless monarchs, and to assign that year to the reign of the following king, [his brother] Oswald (age 30), a man beloved of God. This king, after the death of his brother Eanfrid288, advanced with an army, small, indeed, in number, but strengthened with the faith of Christ; and the impious commander of the Britons, in spite of his vast forces, which he boasted nothing could withstand, was slain at a place called in the English tongue Denisesburna, that is, the brook of Denis289.
Note 285. Cf. II, 20, ad init.
Note 286. "In oppido municipio." Commentators are agreed that Bede means York. It was a Roman "Colonia," and is called a "municipium" by Aurelius Victor, though whether Bede attaches any definitely Roman meaning to the term seems doubtful. Ducange explains "municipium" as "castrum," "castellum muris cinctum."
Note 287. From the death of [his uncle] Edwin (October 12th, 633), for Oswald's reign is reckoned as lasting nine years, including the "hateful year," and he was killed August 5th, 642. Cf. infra c. 9.
Note 288. i.e., probably before the end of 634.
Note 289. Not identified with any certainty, but probably the Rowley Water or a tributary of it. It cannot be, as has been suggested, the Devil's Water, which is clearly distinguished from it in a charter of the thirteenth century. Caedwalla must have fled southwards for eight or nine miles after the battle (cf. next note).
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 634. This year Osric, whom Paulinus baptized, succeeded to the government of King of Deira. He was the son of Elfric, the uncle of [his uncle] Edwin. And to Bernicia succeeded Eanfrith (age 44), son of [his father] Ethelfrith. This year also Bishop Birinus first preached baptism to the West-Saxons, under King Cynegils. The said Birinus went thither by the command of Pope Honorius; and he was bishop there to the end of his life. [his brother] Oswald (age 30) also this year succeeded to the government of the King Northumbrians, and reigned nine winters. The ninth year was assigned to him on account of the heathenism in which those lived who reigned that one year betwixt him and Edwin.
Kings Bernicia: Grand Son of Æthelric King Bernicia
Kings Deira: Grand Son of Aella King Deira
Great x 2 Grandfather: Eoppa Bernicia
Great x 1 Grandfather: Ida King Bernicia
GrandFather: Æthelric King Bernicia
Father: Æthelfrith King Northumbrians
Great x 1 Grandfather: Yffe Deira
GrandFather: Aella King Deira
Mother: Acha Queen Consort Northumbria