12 Aug 1315. In this year¹, Lord Guy de Beauchamp (age 43), Earl of Warwick, died, who in the last Parliament had been appointed to the King's Council; but, as it is said, the King's private associates, envying him, poisoned him.

Note. The chronology here is incorrect. Guy, Earl of Warwick died on the 12 August 1315.

Hoc anno obiit Dominus Guido de Bello Campo, Comes Warwici, qui in Parliamento ultimo Consilio regio fuerat deputatus; sed privati Regis, invidentes ei, ut dicitur, eum impotionaverunt.

Jun 1313. In the same year, the King and Queen embarked by sea toward Paris, accompanied by many nobles of the land, and attended the coronation in Paris of Lord Philip (age 20), the son of the King of France (age 45), who was made King of Navarre there on Pentecost.

Eodem ammo Rex et Regina miserunt se in mare versus Parisius, cum multis terrax nobilibus, et interfuerunt Parisius coronationi Domini Philippi, filii Regis Francie, in Regem Navariæ ibidem creati, die Pentecostes.

1313. This year passed by, neither very fruitful nor abundant in crops; in England, it was marked by great variability: now cloudy, now clear, now turbulent, now pleasant, now peaceful, now restless; it was suspicious to the King and his flatterers, troubling to the common people and the nobles of the realm; peaceful toward France; indifferent toward the Scots; and, alas, disastrous for the enemies of the Cross of Christ in the Holy Land, who were driven out by Christian warriors.

Transit annus iste nec satis frugifer, nec abundans fructibus; Angliz multipliciter varius; nunc nubilus nunc serenus, nunc turbidus nune ameenus, nunc pacificus nunc inguietus; suspiciosus Regi et suis assentatoribus; sollicitus plebi terra regnique proceribus; Francim pacificus; This year passed by, neither very fruitful nor abundant in crops; in England, it was marked by great variability: now cloudy, now clear, now turbulent, now pleasant, now peaceful, now restless; it was suspicious to the King and his flatterers, troubling to the common people and the nobles of the realm; peaceful toward France; indifferent toward the Scots; and, alas, disastrous for the enemies of the Cross of Christ in the Holy Land, who were driven out by Christian warriors. Scoticis otiosus; inimicis Crucis Christi in Terra Sancta a Christianorum bellig, proh dolor! expeditus.

Novus annus, et Scotorum debacchatio.

A new year, and the rampage of the Scots.

[Before 16 Dec 1379]. When, as we have previously mentioned, Lord John of Arundel (age 31), along with his companions, had arrived at [the sea], and the favorable wind had not yet blown for them, he decided, as he desired, to wait for a more favorable wind. Meanwhile, he went to a certain [monastery] of virgin nuns not far from there, and, entering with his companions, he requested from the mother of the monastery that she allow his fellow soldiers, laborers in royal matters, to stay there as guests. However, the holy woman, weighing the dangers that such guests might bring, and because this request was completely contrary to her religious duties, with the reverence and humility due, explained to him that there were many young men who had come with him, and they could easily be led into an unforgivable crime; that this would not only bring disgrace and infamy to that place, but would also lead to the destruction and ruin of him and his companions, who would not only avoid attacking the camp of chastity, but would also struggle to avoid all kinds of sin if they did what they were asking. In response, he began more fervently to persist in his purpose, saying that she was mistaken in her suspicions, and that it was not likely that he was contemplating anything imaginary. To which she, kneeling down, said, 'I know, Lord, that your men are likely unchaste, since they perhaps do not fear God, and it is entirely unsuitable for us, nor for you, that they enter our cloister. Therefore, with joined hands, I beg your generosity, advise and counsel you, that, abandoning this proposal, you seek shelter elsewhere, where it is abundant in the neighboring land.'

Cum igitur, ut praediximus, Dominus Johannes de Arundel cum suis complicibus ad [mare] pervenisset, et necdum aura secunda flaret eisdem, statuit, ut optabat, opperiri tempus gratioris venti. Perrexit interea ad quoddam [monasterium] monialium virginum non procul situm, et, cum suis ingrediens, petiit & matre monasterii, ut ibidem suos commilitones, in negotiis regiis laboratores, permitteret hospitari, Sanctimonialis autem fœmina, mente librans pericula qum per tales hospites possent: emergere, et quia ommino religioni talis petitio contraibat, cum reverentia et humilitate qua decuit, exposuit sibi juvenes [esse] plures qui cum eo venerant, et impelli posse de facili in scelus inexpiabile; quod non solum in opprobrium et infamiam illins loci, sed in perienlum et perniciem sui et suorum redundaret, qui non modo castra pudicitiæ impugnare vitarent, sed etiam omne genus peccati effugere laborarent, si id agerent, obtinerent, quod viros ad bellum profecturos, oporteret. E contra, ille insistere magis fervide ccepit in proposito, dicens illam falli in suis suspicionibus, et non esse verisimile quod mente imaginarie pertractaret. Cui illa, solo prostrata,— "Scio," inquit, "Domine, viros tuos effrienos esse, "utpote qui Deum forsitan non verentur, et omnino non expedire nobis, nee tibi, ut ingrediantur claustra nostra, Quapropter, et junctis manibus, tuam generositatem oro, convenio, consulo, ut, hoc dimisso proposito, alibi tibi tuisque requires hospitia, quæ superabundant in patria convicina.

[Before 16 Dec 1379]. He, persisting in his purpose, contemptuously ordered them to rise, swearing that he would not be deterred in any way and that he would provide lodging for his men in the same place. Therefore, he immediately commanded his men to enter the houses and occupy both the public and private rooms until the time for sailing arrived. Soon after, as it is believed, they were driven by a demonic spirit and broke into the cloister of the monastery. As is common with such undisciplined crowds, one of them entered this room, another that one, breaking into the chambers where virgins, the daughters of the leading families of the province, were being kept to study letters, and many of them were already prepared to receive the sacred habit of religion, having fixed their minds on the vow of virginity. These women, with the reverence for the place and the fear of God set aside, were violently overwhelmed and defiled. And not only was their lust raging in these women, but they did not even hesitate to violate the widows' chastity and the marital bond, polluting them. For many widows had gathered there for hospitality, as is customary in such abbeys, either due to the poverty of their families or to better and more securely maintain their chastity. They also committed public adultery, but a violent one, with married women who had come there for the aforementioned reasons. And not content with such wickedness, as it is said, they subjected the nuns to their luxury, disregarding the stigma of incest and rape. Initially, those who endured this outrage were patient, but soon all those who lived in the neighborhood, upon hearing of such a great evil, gathered and cursed them with terribly horrible curses, praying to God to bring them any misfortune or adversity they might deserve.

Ille vero, persistens in proposito, contemptibiliter præcepit ut surgeret, jurans se nullo modo flectendum quin in eodem loco suis hospitia provideret. Confestim ergo jubet suis ut domos ingrediantur, et cameras publicas occupent et privatas, donee velificandi tempus insistat. Qui mox, ut creditur, diabolico spiritu agitati, irruunt in claustra monasterii, et, ut assolet in tam indisciplinato vulgo, ille istam, iste illam, irrumpit cameram, in quibus virgines filiæ majornm provinciæ servabantur ad discendas litteras, et plerisque jam paratæ fuerant ad suscipiendum sacra religionis habitum, et in proposito virginitatis mentem fixerant. Quas, spreta loci reverentia et Dei timore postposito, opprimunt et polluunt violenter; et non solum in istis eorum libido furit, sed et vidualem continentiam et conjugale vinculum pollutioni tradere minime verebantur. Nam plures illuc viduæ confluxerant hospitandi gratia, ut moris est in talibus abbathiis, vel pro rei familiaris inopia, vel pro perfectius et securius servanda continentia. In mulieres etiam conjugatas, quae illuc ex causis preemissis convenerant, adulterium commiserunt publicum, sed violentum. Nec tantis contenti nequitiis, ut fertur, ipsas sanctimoniales suæ luxuriæ substraverunt, parvipendentes incesti et stupri notam. Qua de re primo patientes injuriam, mox universi qui in vicinia morabantur, ad quos notitia tanti mali pervenerat, maledictiones congerunt super eorum capita satis horribiles, et eis quicquid infortunii, quicquid adversi, Deus eis suscitare valeat, imprecati sunt.

[Before 16 Dec 1379]. In all of this, Lord John Arundel (age 31), paying no heed to the uproar, to the many curses, to the disgrace of such infamy, added sins to sins, and evil to evil. Indeed, he seemed to spoil the country, to oppress the people; while he did not compel those bringing necessary supplies or provisions to pay, he rather supported their violence, and became a participant in their wrongdoing. As a result, the inhabitants of that region declared that they would have preferred the arrival of enemies into that land, along with the burning of houses, rather than the coming of Lord John and his followers.

In hiis omnibus, ipse Dominus Johannes Arundel, nihili pendens tantum clamorem, tot execrationes, talis infamiæ dedecus, adjecit peccata peccatis, addit mala malis. Revera permigit suos quodammodo spoliare patriam, apporiare vulgus; dum victualia vel catera necessaria vi afferentes non compulit ad solvendum, sed potius eorum favebat violentise, et ipse particeps effectus erroris eorum; unde protestati sunt illius regionis incole maluisse adventum [hostium] in terram illam, præter domornm incendia, quam ipsius Domini Johannis, cum sequela sua.

[Before 16 Dec 1379]. These are few, indeed small, compared to what follows. For on that day, when they were about to board the sea, along with him, they violently seized a newly married woman, who that very same day had been joined to her husband through the hands and prayers of the priest. They took her, coming out of the church after the Mass and the wedding had been celebrated, and forcibly dragged her away from the middle of those who were leading her, and brought her to the ships, intending to commit a foul deed on her after they had boarded the ship. They did not consider or think that such wicked deeds should be swiftly punished. From the abbey, it is said, they also abducted married women, widows, and virgins, and placed them on their ships. Not satisfied with these, some of them even extended their hands to sacrilege. After hearing the Mass, as appeared irreverently, before the priest could remove his chasuble, they rushed in, seized the chalice from the altar, and with great haste, gleefully as if plundering, ran to the ships, the priest pursuing them in his sacred vestments, namely, the alb, stole, and chasuble, and under threat of excommunication, calling them back to restore the chalice. And when they had not heeded, and had received no other threatening words or terrifying threats, he decided not to remain silent. But, calling upon neighboring priests, he went to the shore, with lit candles, bells, books, and other items necessary to proclaim such sentences; and there he demanded that the chalice be restored under penalty of excommunication. Since they still would not satisfy the demand, he thundered a sentence of excommunication upon them terribly and publicly, and threw the wax candle into the sea to extinguish it.

Pauca sunt ista, immo parva sunt ista, respectu eorum quæ sequuntur. Die namque illo quo mare ingressuri erant sui, et ipse cum eis, quandam novam nuptam, et illo eodem die per manus et orationes sacerdotis viro de provincia copulatam, de ecclesia post Missam et sponsalia celebrata revertentem, violenter rapiunt de medio et manibus eam ducentium, et ad naves usque deducunt, operaturi in ea opus nefarium post ingressum eorum in mari; non considerantes nec putantes tanta scelera celeriter punienda. Ex abbathia etiam, ut fertur, prædicta fœminas conjugatas, viduas, et virgines, abduxerunt, et in suis navibus collocarunt. Nec istis saturati, quidam ex ipsis ad sacrilegia manus extendunt. Nempe post auditam Missam, ut apparuit indevote, antequam sacerdos casulam deponere potunisset, accedentes, et calicem de altari rapientes, cum summa festinatione, letabundi quasi de præda, currunt ad naves, sacerdote eos in sacris vestibus, scilicet, alba, stola, et fanone, persequente, et sub interminatione censuræ calicem repetente. Cumque nisi sannas et terribiles minas, nisi retrocederet, accepisset, non sic quidem silere decrevit; sed, accitis convicinis sacerdotibus, ad littus usque processit, cum candelis accensis, campanulis, libris, et hiis quæ sententiis hujusmodi promulgandis requiruntur; ibique petiit, sub pœna [excommunicationis, ablata restitui; cum autem nec sic curarvent satisfacere, in eos] excommunicationis sententiam terribiliter et publice fulminavit, et jactu in mari cereum extinguendo.

[Before 16 Dec 1379]. Lord Hugo Kalverlee (age 55) and Lord Thomas Percy, and several others whose earlier actions had been hidden, before they were about to board the ships, had it publicly proclaimed throughout the country that those who had been troubled by their men in any way, whether by inflicted injuries or by any other means or causes, could come before the day of embarkation and would receive proper satisfaction for any grievances they wished to complain about. As a result, it happened that the people, with devout prayers, followed them to the sea, just as, on the other hand, they had pursued Lord John Arundel with dire imprecations.

Dominus Hugo Kalverlee ef Dominus Thomas Percy, et nonnulli alii quos hme priaemissa latebant, antequam naves ascensuri erant, fecerunf proclamari per patriam voce publica, ut venirent ante diem mnavigationis qui molestati fuerant per suos ullo modo, vel per illatas injurias, vel per alias quascunque vias vel causas, habituri condignam satisfactionem de quibuscunque transgressionibus conqueri volnissent: unde contigit, ut ipsos 'devotis precatibus populus prosequeretur ad mare, sicut e contra Dominum Johannem Arundelle diris imprecationibus fuerant insecuti.

Therefore, they were uncertain what to do amidst the winds and storms on one side, and the waves and the cries of women on the other. First, they tried to lighten the ship, throwing out the worthless cargo, and then, piece by piece, the more valuable goods, in the hope that this might somehow raise their chances of survival. But when they realized that this did not lessen their desperation but rather increased their distress, they turned the blame for their misfortune on the women. In a spirit of fury, they threw the women into the sea with the same hands that had once caressed them, and with the same arms that had fondled them lasciviously. These women, reportedly around sixty in number, were cast into the water to be devoured by fish and sea creatures. But the storm did not cease, instead it worsened, taking away any hope of escaping the dangers of death. After several days and nights, not only in danger of death but in the very jaws of death, and after enduring great anxiety, they finally saw a shore and an island in the region of Ireland, the shore being situated amidst the waves of the sea. Overcome with sudden joy, Lord John Arundel immediately ordered the sailors to head for that shore, hoping they might somehow land. But the sailors, reluctant and asserting that in such turbulence it would be safer to stay in the open sea rather than risk the winds driving them onto the sand or rocks of the shore, were violently opposed by Lord John. In a fit of rage, he cruelly killed some of them, as it is reported.

Ideirco, quid inter hæc agerent dubitabant, cum hine ventis et procellis, illinc fluctibus et fœminarum clamoribus, urgerentur. Tentavit ergo primo alleviare vasa, projicientes vilia, dehinc quaque pretiosa, si forte vel sic eis exsurgeret spes salutis. Sed cum ita non minus desperationem, sed potius angeri cernerent, refundunt causas infortunii in ipsas fœminas, ac, in spiritu furoris, eisdem manibus quibus ante illas blande attractaverant, eisdem brachiis quibus eas libidinose demulserant, arreptas in mare projiciunt; ad numerum, ut fertur, sexaginta fœminarum, piscibus et marinis bellnis devorandas. Sed ita quidem non cessavit tempestas, sed execrevit per amplius, ut cunctis omnem spem adimeret mortis pericula evadendi. Cumque diebus aliquot atque mnoctibug, non tantum in mortis periculo quantum in mortis faucibus, non sine trepidatione maxima transegissent, tandem vidit quoddam littus, et quandam insulam, in regione Hiberniæ, ecirea littus illud in fluctibus marinis sitam; unde momentaneo gandio perfusus, Dominus Johannes Arundelle mox jubet ut nautæ se transferant ad littus illud, si forte eis terram contingere donaretur. Nautis autem reluctantibus, et asserentibus in tantis turbinibus magis tutum fore maris alta tenere, quam vi ventorum illidi arenæ vel scopulis appropinquando terra, irruit in eos dictus Johannes furibunde, et quosdam ex eis ecrudeliter, ut fertur, interfecit.

After he had preached these and many other delusions, the common people followed him with such favor that they acclaimed him as the future Archbishop and Chancellor of the kingdom; him alone worthy of the archiepiscopal honor; declaring that the Archbishop who then survived was a traitor to the commons and the kingdom, and therefore should be beheaded wherever he could be apprehended in England.

Cum hæc et plura alia deliramenta prædicasset, commune vulgus eum tanto favore prosequitur, ut acclamarent eum Archiepiscopum futurum, et regni Cancellarium; solum eum dignum Archipræsulatus honore; Archiepiscopum, qui tunc superstes erat, communium et regni proditorem fuisse, eb idcirco decapitandum, ubicunque posset in Anglia comprehendi.

The Duke of Ireland gathers an army to defeat the lords.

Dux Hiberniæ congregat exercitum ad extinguendum Dominos.

As the lords retreated, they deemed it unsafe to disband at that time due to the king's unpredictable actions and the notorious treachery of the conspirators, a decision that later proved to be a mark of great wisdom. For, with the king's connivance, the Duke of Ireland had gathered a large force in the regions of Chester and Wales. The leader of this force was the Constable of Chester, named Thomas Molyneux, a wealthy and bold man whose commands the entire province eagerly awaited. However, such a plot could not remain hidden from the lords for long. Once they were informed of all these developments—that the Duke of Ireland was hastening to London with such a large force to join with the Londoners and form an almost invincible army—they immediately armed their forces. They encouraged one another not to neglect their own safety but to act quickly to preempt or destroy those who had deceitfully conspired to bring about their downfall.

Recedentibus Dominis, non est visum eis tutum jam tunc disjungi, propter Regis mobilitatem et proditorum notoriam falsitatem; quod eis expost magnæ sapientiæ loco fuit. Nam de conniventia Regis, Dux Hiberniæ in partibus Cestriæ Walliæ magnam turbam collegerat ; quorum campiductor erat Cestriæ Constabularius, dictus "Thomas Molyneux," vir dives et audax, cujus nutum tota illa provincia expectabat. Non diu tamen Dominos latere potuit tantus dolus, sed præmuniti de hiis omnibus, et quod Dux Hiberniæ Londonias properaret cum tanta turba, ut, junctus Londoniensibus, quasi invincibilem exercitum ex duobus faceret, extemplo suos armavit, et invicem cohortantur, ut jam non negligant salutem propriam, sed festinent praoccupare vel extinguere qui in illorum necem conspiraverant fraudulenter.

The lords go out to meet the Duke of Ireland.

Domini exeunt obviam Duci Hibernice.

Therefore, those who went to meet the Duke of Ireland secretly sent out their troops to blockade all the roads where he was expected to pass. But the Duke of Ireland, riding high and proud on his horse with the army he had assembled, believing no one would dare to confront him, suddenly turned his eyes sideways and saw the army of the lords not far from him, awaiting his arrival in the middle of a certain valley. At this sight, his heart trembled with fear, and he said:

Igitur Duci Hiberniæ excuntes obviam, sed occulte, dimiserunt turmas suas ab obsidendum omnes vias, quibus venturus sperabatur. Sed Dux Hiberniæ, cum sublimis et gloriosus equitaret, cum exercitu quem comparaverat, et nullum crederet ausurum obviare sibi, repente dirigens in obliquum oculos, vidit Dominorum exercitum non procul ab eo distantem, et adventum ejus, in cujusdam vallis medio, prastolantem. Quo viso, cor ejus expavit, et dixit:—

The Duke of Ireland addresses his followers.

Dux Hibernwiæ verba facit ad suos.

"My friends," he said, "as I see it, I must flee for now, because the opposing force appears much stronger than ours. Therefore, before we are forced to engage in battle, I will withdraw and save myself if I can. For it is me alone they seek; against you, they hold no grudge. Thus, once I have slipped away, you will easily be able to escape." To this, one of his knights replied: "You are the one who forced us to leave our homeland, the one who persuaded us to trust you, the one who compelled us to join this journey. Therefore, we are ready to fight alongside you, to triumph with you if fate allows, or, if fortune does not favor us, to die bravely with you." The Duke responded, "You will not do so as prepared," and immediately, spurring his horse, he hurried away in flight. As a result, many who had come with him, cursing his cowardice, prepared to surrender and offer their allegiance to the lords.

"Amici," inquit, "ut cerno, mihi fugiendum est ad horam, quia multo major fortitudo in adversa parte videtur quam nostra: unde antequam sit manibus conserendum, me subtraham et salvabo, si potero. Quia me solum quærunt, contra vos autem nihil habent. Quamobrem, me dilapso, vos de facili evadetis." Cui quidam ex militibus suis ait; — "Tu nos e patria exire compulisti, tu fidem nobis suasisti, tu ad hoc iter nos coegisti; tecum ergo parati sumus dimicare, tecum vincere, si contingat, vel, si fortuna non faveat, tecum mori viriliter." "Non," inquit," ita parati sumus facietis," et mox, calcaribus wurgens sonipedem, fugere festinabat. Quare multi qui cum eo venerant, execrantes ejus meticulositatem, ad dandum dextras Dominis paraverunt.

Thomas Molyneux (age 48) is killed.

Thomas Mulinewes occiditur.

This gathering of the Kings was indeed grand and lavish in gifts and expenses; for beyond the gifts that the King of England gave to the King of France and other nobles of that kingdom—which exceeded the sum of ten thousand marks—the King is said to have spent three hundred thousand marks or more on this occasion. Soon afterward, he returned safely to England with his wife, but during the return journey, a sudden storm caused him to lose his tents and a large portion of his household furnishings.

Fuit autem iste Regum apparatus grandis, et sumptuosus in donariis et expeusis; nam praeter dona quaæ Rex Angliæ dedit Regi Franciæ, aliisque proceribus illius regni, quæ superaverunt summam decem millium marcarum, Rex expendit, ut dicitur, trecenta millia marcarum et amplius, ea vice. Rediit igitur cito post in Angliam salvus, et uxor sua, sed aversa tempestate perdidit tentoria sua, et magnam partem supellectilis domus suæ.

[31 Jul 1396]. In this year, Master William Courtenay (age 54), Archbishop of Canterbury, departed from this world. He was succeeded, by the election of the General Chapter, by Thomas Arundel (age 43), brother of the Earl of Arundel (age 50) and Chancellor of the Kingdom, who soon resigned from the office and responsibilities of Chancellor with the King's consent, entrusting them to Master Edmund Stafford (age 52).

Hoc anno valefecit mundo Magister Willelmus Courtenay, Arckiepiscopus Cantuariensis; cui successit, postulatione Communis Capituli, Thomas Arundel, frater Comitis Arundelliæ, regnique Cancellarius; qui mox Cancellariæ dimisit officium, et illius sollicitudinem, per Regis assensum, Magistro Edmundo Stafforde commendavit.

Aug 1399. But when he [King Richard II (age 32)] reached England and learned of the Duke's preparations for battle, he lost heart, being certain that the people gathered against him would rather die than yield, both because of their hatred of him and their fear. He therefore dismissed his household, advising them through the Steward, Lord Thomas Percy, to save themselves for better times. The King himself, seeking refuge, wandered here and there for many days, with the Duke [Henry Bolingbroke] and his army always pursuing him. Finally, having taken up a position at the castle of Conwy, he requested a conference with Lord Thomas Arundel (age 46), whom he had expelled from the Archbishopric of Canterbury, and with the Earl of Northumberland, since there was no further hope of escape. He informed them that he was willing to abdicate the throne if he were granted an honorable livelihood and security for the lives of eight persons whom he would name, under a pledge of good faith.

4 [Sed] cum Angliam attigisset, et cognosset de Ducis apparatu, pugnandi dimisit animum, pro certo tenens quod populus contra eum congregatus citing mori vellet quam cedere, tam propter ejus odium quam timorem. Dimisit igitur familiam, monens per Senescallum, Dominum Thomam Percy, ut se reservarent ad tempora meliora. Ipse vero Rex, quwerens divortia, hue illucque contulit multis diebus, semper eum Duce cum exercitu insequente. Tandem apud castellum de Conewey constitutus, petiit habere colloquium eum Domino Thoma Arundelle, quem expulerat de Archiepiscopatu Cantuariæ, et Comite Northumbriæ, cum nulla spes esset ulterius fugiendi. Quibus indicavit se velle regno cedere, si sibi victus honorificus, vitæque securitas octo personis quas nominare vellet, fide interposita, donaretur.

Per idem tempus Dominus Thomas Le Spencer, qui dicebatur "Comes Gloucestriæ," dum fugisse proposuerat, repente captus, ductus est Bristoldum, ubi juxta vota communium decollatus est. Capti sunt quamplures alii hujus conspirationis conscii, et morte multati sunt, quidam Oxoniis, quidam Londoniis. Damnati sunt nempe Londoniis clerici, J.⁵ Mawde et Willelmus Ferby, qui tractione, suspensione, et capitis detruncatione, finierunt vitam. Bernardus Brokays et⁶J. Schevele milites, alii quoque plures, acceperunt similem mortis sortem. Episcopus Karleolensis, impetitus⁷est de conjuratione; dam- natus est, sed ® vite Regis misericordia reservatus.

Note 5. The word "Maudleyn" is inserted here in orig. and the printed texts, before Mawde, probably from the fact that "——Maudelene" only is given here in (1) MS. Corp. Chr. vii., and that Maudeley is inserted in the margin of (5) MS. Corp. Chr. vii.

Note 6. Johannes in the printed texts.

Note 7. est omitted in (1) MS. Corp. Chr. vii. and the printed texts.

The widow of the late King Henry is imprisoned on suspicion!

1419. This year the step-mother of the King, Queen Joanna (age 49), defamed by some for a crime, which would have been invented to hurt the King, having removed all her servants, was placed in the custody of John Pelham (age 64) who brought her to Pevensey Castle [Map], where she remained under his control.

Hoc anno noverca Regis, Anna Regina, per quosdam infamata de quodam maleficio, quod in læsionem Regis commentata fuisset, amotis cunctis suis famulis, commendata est custodiæ Pellam; qui, adhibitis sibi¹ novem servientibus, introduxit eam in castrum de Pereneseye [Map], sub ejus providentia gubermandam.

Note 1. nomen in orig.; corrected from the printed texts.

The Duchess of Clarence crosses to Normandy

01 Nov 1419. Circa festum Omnium Sanctorum, Ducissa Clarentiee (age 34), cum multis aliis dominabus Anglicæ,¹Neustriam transfretavit.

Note 1. in Neustriam in (5) MS. Corp. Chr. vii. and the printed texts.

About the Feast of All Saints, the Duchess of Clarence, with many othe English ladies, crossed over to Normandy.

He was, therefore, pious in spirit, rare and discreet in speech, prudent in counsel, wise in judgment, modest in appearance, magnanimous in action, steadfast in his undertakings, frequent in pilgrimages, and generous in almsgiving. He was devoted to God, promoting and honoring the prelates and ministers of the Church. He was also a distinguished and fortunate warrior, always gaining victory in all military engagements. In constructing buildings and founding monasteries, he was magnificent; in giving gifts, he was generous, and above all, he was relentless in pursuing and opposing the enemies of the faith and the Church.

Fuit itaque pius in animo, rarus et discretus in verbo, providus in consilio, prudens in judicio, modestus in vultu, magnanimus in actu, constans in agendis, in peregrinationibus frequens, et eleemosynis largus; Deo devotus, et Ecclesiæ prælatos et ministros promovens et honorans; belliger quoque, insignis, et fortunatus: qui in cunctis congressibus bellicis semper victoriam reportabat. In sedificiis construendis et monasteriis fundandis, magnificus, in donis munificus, inimicos fidei et EcclesisD super omnia persequens et impugnans.

Reflecting upon these things and his notable deeds, his subjects greatly feared and deeply mourned the sudden and terrible change of the hand of the Most High; and no wonder, since in place of such a powerful and wise King and Lord, adorned with all good virtues, they received as their King and Lord his son, not yet of age, weak and inexperienced, to rule so many and such great kingdoms and dominions inherited by him. Fearing that saying of Solomon, 'Woe² to the land whose king is a child,' etc., unless the mercy of His goodness should intervene, who works wonders as much in small things as in great, whose hand is not shortened that it cannot do good, provided that, like our King, we become humble and small in His eyes and in ours, and remain undivided in our actions and good counsel.

Hæc et ejus gesta notabilia ejus subditi animo revolventes, do tam subitanea et terribili mutatione dextræ Excelsi plurimum formidabant, ac indicibiliter condolebant; nec mirum, cum pro tam potentissimo Rege et Domino sapiente, et omnibus bonis moribus adornato, reciperent pro eorum Rege et Domino ejus filium nondum annalem, invalidum et improvidura, ad regendum tot et tanta regna et dominia sibi hæreditaria¹ pcrtinentia; illud "Væ," Salomonis metuentes, "cujus² terræ rex puer est, etc.;" nisi Ejus bonitatis dementia subveniat, qui asque mirabilia operatur in minimis ut in magnis, cujus manus non est abbreviata quin faciat bonum, dummodo in ejus et nostris oculis, ad modum nostri Regis, humiles efficiamur et parvuli, et in nostris actibus et bonis consiliis indivisi.

Note 1. hæreditarie in the printed texts.

Note 2. Eccles. X. 16.

Therefore, Charles, King of France, upon hearing of the death of his son-in-law, the aforementioned King of England, after the solemn funeral rites and Masses for his soul were solemnly celebrated in his chapel, summoned by his decree a large number of his prelates and other lords who had recently agreed to the peace between the kingdoms of France and England. He had the same peace read aloud in their presence and confirmed anew both by his own oath and theirs, sworn on the Body of Christ and the Holy Gospels of God. Then, wasting away in grief and desolation, he too bade farewell to the fleeting light of this world on the thirteenth day following. But almost all the French, who had experienced the just and fair rule of the same King of England after the tumultuous and wicked tyranny of others, mourned with the greatest lamentation. Especially the Parisians and the people of Rouen honored the body of the same King with lawful funeral rites and offerings, according to their means, giving large sums of gold for the honor of burying his body among them, for their unique honor and comfort. But this could not be done, because he had previously bequeathed by his will that he should be buried at Westminster, which was later accomplished with great honor, as will be related below.

Rex itaque Franciæ Karolus, audita morte sui generi Angliæ prænotati, post solemnes exequias et Missas in sua Capella pro ejus anima solemniter celebratas, accersito ejus edicto, suorum prælatorum et aliorum dominorum, qui concordiæ nuper pridium¹ inter regna Franciæ et Angliæ consenserant, numero copioso, fecit eandem concordiam coram ipsis perlegi, et tam suo quam illorum juramento super Corpus Dominicum et Sancta Dei Evangelia denuo confirmari. Deinde dolore et desolatione contabescens, tertio-decimo die subsequenti et ipse instabili luci sæculi valefecit. Sed et omnes pene Francigenæ, qui ejusdem Regis Angliæ æquum³ et discretum regimen, post tam turbulentam et improbam aliorum tyrannidem, experti fuerant, planctu maximo condolebant; præcipue Parisienses et Rothomagenses, ejusdem Regis corpus in funeralibus obsequiis legitime, et oblationibus, pro eorum viribus multipliciter honorantes, offerentes auri summas maximas pro ejus corpore inter eosdem tumulando, pro eorum honore et solamine singulari. Sed hoc fieri non poterat, pro eo quod testamentarie primitus legaverat se apud Westmonasterium tumulandum; quod postmodum, ut sequitur, satis honorifice est completum.

Note 1. pidiū in orig. and in (5) MS. Corp. Chr. vii.: its meaning seems doubtful.

Note 2. sæculo in orig., by inadvertence.

Note 3. omnis in the printed texts.

Note 4. Apparently parium in orig. corrected from the printed texts.

Meanwhile, a Great Council of both kingdoms was convened in Paris and Rouen, with Lord John, the King's brother, Duke of Bedford, and Guardian of the Duchy of Normandy, and the Lord Duke of Burgundy, Regent of the King and kingdom of France, as the same King of England had arranged during his lifetime. The Earl of Salisbury, the Earl of Suffolk, and many other nobles were left behind to guard the castles and towns there. However, almost all the other earls and lords, along with the body of the King and the Queen, returned to Calais and then to England, with the King's treasures and jewels being sent ahead to be stored in the Tower of London.

Congregato interea apud Parisium et Rotomagum Magno Consilio utriusque regni, Dominoque Johanne fratre Regis, Duce Bedfordiæ¹, et Custode Ducatus Normanniæ, ac Domino Duce Burgundiæ, Regente Regis et regni Francis, prout idem Rex Angliæ vivens ordinaverat, constitutis; necnon Comite Salusburiensi, Comiteque Suthfolchiæ, et aliis pluribus proceribus, ad tutelam castrorum et villarum inibi relictis²; reliqui pene Comites et Domini, cum Regis corpore et Regina, ad Calesiam, deinde in Angliam, redierunt, præmissis Regis thesauris et jocalibus, in Turri Londoniensi conservandis.

Note 1. Ducis in orig.; corrected from (5) MS. Corp. Chr. vii. and the printed texts.

Note 2. relictarum in orig. and the printed texts, by inadvertence.

After the royal funeral rites had been solemnly celebrated at Canterbury, St. Paul's in London, and Westminster, as befitted such a great Prince, a Parliament, which had been summoned earlier by the authority and writs of Henry, King of England, the Sixth of that name, the son of the said King, was convened at Westminster, presided over by his uncle, Lord Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, previously the Protector of England, by commission of the said King. During this Parliament, the solemn funeral rites of the King were celebrated by all estates, as has been described

Regiis quoque exequiis apud Cantnariam, et Sanctum Paulum Londoniis, et Westmonasterium, ut tantum Principem decuit, solemniter celebratis, inceptum fuerat Parliamentum auctoritate et brevibus Henrici, Regis Angliæ, Sexti, dicti Regis filii, pridem summonitum¹ apud Westmonasterium, presidente eidem ejus avunculo Domino Humfrido, Duce Gloucestræ, prius Custode Angliæ, commissione dicti Regis. Infra quod Parliamentum, solemnes exequiæ Regis ab omnibus statibus, ut preeseribitur, fuerant celebratæ.

Note 1. summoniti in the printed texts.

If one wishes to know the funeral arrangements of this dead King, they were as follows: An effigy, very similar in stature and face to the deceased King, was placed upon the casket in which his body was held. The effigy was dressed in a long and wide purple cloak lined with ermine fur, holding a scepter in one hand and a golden orb with a cross affixed in the other; a golden crown was placed on the head, over the royal cap, and royal sandals were on the feet. The effigy was elevated on a carriage so that it could be seen by everyone, increasing mourning and sorrow, and that his friends and subjects might more fervently pray to the Lord for his soul. It is also said that a thousand large torches were carried by venerable persons around his body, and gold and silk cloths were offered for the same purpose. Three war horses were brought to the high altar of Westminster, with their riders, as is customary, fully armed with the arms of the King of England and France, and the riders were disarmed there. The arms were entirely removed, and banners were carried around the body of the deceased, continuously displaying the arms of Saint George, England, and France, as well as images of the Holy Trinity and Saint Mary.

Cujus Regis mortui apparatus si scire libeat, talis erat.— Superposita namque fuerat cistæ, in qua corpus ejus habebatur, quædam imago stature et faciei Regis mortui simillima, chlamyde purpurea satis longa et larga, cum furrura de ermyn induta, sceptrum in una manu, et pila rotunda aurea, cum cruce infixa, in altera; corona aurea in capite, super capellum regium¹, et sandaliis regiis in pedibus, impositis. Et taliter elevatur in curru, ut a singulis videri potuisset, ut per hoc mœror et dolor accresceret, et ejus amici et subditi pro ejus anima Dominum tenerius exorarent. Fertur etiam mille torticios magnos per venerabiles personas circa ejus corpus delatos, et pannos aureos et sericos pro eodem oblatos. Adducti etiam fuerant ad majus altare Westmonasterii tres dextrarii, cum eorum sessoribus², ut moris est, armis Regis Angliæ et Francæ optime armatis, et sessores inibi inde expoliati. Arma vero integre ablata, vexilla insuper, circa corpus defuncti ferebantur, arma Sancti Georgii, Angliæ, et Franciæ, ac imaginum Sancte Trinitatis, Sancte Marie, continenter³.

Note 1. regni in the printed texts.

Note 2. cessoribus in orig.

Note 3. continentur in the printed texts.

And thus the body of the said King was conveyed to the Monastery, and, with the service of the prelates and nobles of the realm, it was honorably interred among the Kings of England there, between the shrine of Saint Edward and the Chapel of Saint Virgin, in the place where the relics had previously been kept; and the Parliament was continued.

Sicque corpus dicti Eegis usque ad Monasterium deducitur, et, ministerio prselatorum et procerum regni, inter Reges Angliae ibidem, inter feretrum Sancti Edwardi et Oapellam Sanctse Yirginis, loco quo reliquiae ibidem fuerant reconditae, honorifice fuerat tumulatum: ac Parliamentum continuatum.

In which Parliament, with the assent of all the estates of the realm, the same Duke [i.e., the Duke of Gloucester] was appointed and named as Defender or Protector of England, in the absence of his elder brother, the Duke of Bedford; and all the offices and benefits of the realm were entrusted to his disposition.

In quo quidem Parliamento, ex¹ assensu omnium statuum ejusdem, idem Dux Defensor, seu Protector, Angliae, in absentia sui fratris senioris, Ducis videlicet Bedfordiee, fuerat ordinatus ac nominatus; omniaque regni officia et beneficia² ejus dispositioni sunt commissa³.

Note 1. et in orig.; corrected from the printed texts.

Note 2. The words præter beneficia are inserted here in orig. and (5) MS. Corp. Chr. vii.; by inadvertence.

Note 3. Here occur the words, in page 182 of (5) MS. Corp. Chr. vii., in a hand of the 16th century, — "Here ends the History of Thomas of Walsingham", and, in a later hand, "who compiled his History from this work."

"Hiis istis verbis finitur Historia Thomæ de Walsingham," and, in a later hand, "qui ex hoc opere suam Histo riant compilavit."