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Paternal Family Tree: Anjou aka Plantagenet
Maternal Family Tree: Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster 1350-1403
In 1375 Cardinal Henry Beaufort was born illegitimately to [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 34) and [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 24). He a grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 24th June 1380 [his brother-in-law] John Hastings 3rd Earl Pembroke (age 7) and [his half-sister] Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 17) were married at Kenilworth Castle [Map]. She by marriage Countess Pembroke. She the daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 40) and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. He the son of John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke and Anne Manny Countess Pembroke. They were half third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
After 24th June 1380 [his brother-in-law] John Hastings 3rd Earl Pembroke (age 7) and [his half-sister] Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 17) marriage annulled since she had become pregnant by [his future brother-in-law] John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 28) whom she subsequently married. It isn't clear whether John Holland was punished; he was half-brother to King Richard II of England (age 13) through their mother Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 51).
On 5th February 1381 [his half-brother] Henry Bolingbroke (age 13) and [his sister-in-law] Mary Bohun (age 13) were married at Arundel Castle [Map]. She the daughter of Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton (age 34). He the son of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 40) and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. They were second cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 14th June 1381 the mob gained access to the Tower of London [Map] capturing Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 52), the future [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 14), Joan Holland Duchess York (age 1) and Archbishop Simon Sudbury (age 65).
Archbishop Simon Sudbury was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Canterbury Cathedral [Map].
Lord Treasurer Robert Hales (age 56), who had only been appointed on the 1st February 1381, was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map].
On 24th June 1386 [his brother-in-law] John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 34) and [his half-sister] Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 23) were married at Plymouth, Devon [Map]. She the daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 46) and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. He the son of Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales. They were half second cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 2nd February 1387 [his brother-in-law] King John I of Portugal (age 35) and [his half-sister] Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal (age 26) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Portugal. She the daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 46) and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. He the son of Peter I King Portugal and Inês Castro. They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 19th December 1387 an army of the Lords Appellant led by the future [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 20) prevented the forces of King Richard II of England (age 20) commanded by Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 25) from crossing the bridge [Map] over the River Thames at Radcot in Oxfordshire. When [his uncle] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 32) arrived with further Lord Appellant's men the King's men were encircled. The King's men attempted to force the crossing of the bridge at which time the only casualties occurred including Thomas Molyneux (age 49) who was killed by Thomas Mortimer (age 37). Around 800 men drowned in the marshes whilst trying to escape. Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland narrowly escaped to France.
In 1388 [his brother-in-law] John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 36) was created 1st Earl Huntingdon. [his half-sister] Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 24) by marriage Countess Huntingdon.
Before 17th September 1388 [his brother-in-law] Henry III King Castile (age 8) and [his half-sister] Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile (age 15) were married at Palencia Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Castile. She the daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 48) and Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 34). He the son of John I King Castile (age 30) and Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Castile. They were half second cousins. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1391 [his brother-in-law] Robert Ferrers (age 18) and [his illegitimate sister] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 12) were married at Beaufort en Vallée [Map]. She the illegitmate daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 50) and [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 40).
On 23rd December 1392 Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 37) died. She was buried at King's Langley Priory, Hertfordshire [Map]. She the wife of [his uncle] Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 51). Isabella had travelled to England with her sister Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 38) who had married Edmund's elder brother [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 52). Isabella and Edmund's marriage was not, apparently, a happy one. She is known to have had an affair with [his brother-in-law] John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 40) who may have been the father of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge (age 7) progenitor of the House of York.
On 13th January 1396 [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 55) and [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 45) were married at Lincoln Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Lancaster. He the son of [his grandfather] King Edward III of England and [his grandmother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Froissart Book 4 Chapter 73. [13th January 1396]. At this period, the [his father] duke of Lancaster (age 55) married his third wife [[his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 45)], the daughter of a Hainault knight, called sir [his grandfather] Paon de Ruet: he had formerly been one of the knights to the good and noble queen [his grandmother] Philippa of England, who much loved the Hainaulters, as she was herself of that country.
This lady whom the duke of Lancaster married was called Catherine, and in her youth had been of the household of the duchess Blanche of Lancaster. Before the lady Blanche's death, and even when the duke was married to his second wife Constance, the daughter of don Pedro, he cohabited with the lady Catherine de Ruet, who was then married to an English knight [Hugh Swynford] now dead.
The duke of Lancaster had three children1 by her, previous to his marriage, two sons and a daughter: the eldest son was named [his illegitimate brother] John (age 23) lord Beaufort of Lancaster; the other Thomas [Henry] (age 21), whom the duke kept at the schools in Oxford, and made a great churchman and civihan. He was afterward bishop of Lincoln, which is the richest bishopric in the kingdom: from affection to these children, the duke married their mother, to the great astonishment of France and England, for Catherine Swynford was of base extraction in comparison to his two former duchesses Blanche and Constance. When this marriage was announced to the ladies of high rank in England, such as the duchess of Gloucester (age 30), the countess of Derby2, the countess of Arundel (age 20), and others connected with the royal family, they were greatly shocked, and thought the duke much to blame. They said, "he had sadly disgraced himself by thus marrying his concubine;" and added, that, "since it was so, she would be the second lady in the kingdom, and the queen (age 6) would be dishonourably accompanied by her; but that, for their parts, they would leave her to do the honours alone, for they would never enter any place where she was. They themselves would be disgraced if they suffered such a base-born duchess, who had been the duke's concubine a long time before and during his marriages, to take precedence, and their hearts would burst with grief were it to happen." Those who were the most outrageous on the subject were the [his uncle] duke (age 41) and duchess of Gloucester. They considered the duke of Lancaster as a doating fool for thus marrying his concubine, and declared they would never honour his lady by calling her sister. The [his uncle] duke of York (age 54) made light of the matter, for he lived chiefly with the king and his brother of Lancaster. The duke of Gloucester was of a different way of thinking: although the youngest of the three brothers, he yielded to no man's opinion, was naturally very proud and overbearing, and in opposition to the king's ministers, unless he could turn them as he willed. Catherine Ruet, however, remained duchess of Lancaster, and the second lady in England, as long as she lived. She was a lady accustomed to honours, for she had been brought up at court during her youth, and the duke fondly loved the children he had by her, as he showed during his life and at his death.
Note 1. Froissart mistakes in the number, and Thomas for Henry. According to Sandford, he had four children by Catherine Swynford: — John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, — Henry Beaufort, bishop of Winchester and cardinal of Beaufort, — [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort (age 19), duke of Exeter and earl of Dorset, — [his illegitimate sister] Joan Beaufort (age 17), countess of Westmoreland. For farther particulars, see Sandford and Dugdale.
Note 2. This reference to the Countess of Derby is confusing. In 1396 the Earl of Derby was [his half-brother] Henry (age 28), future King Henry IV, who inherited the title from fhis mother Blanche when she died in 1368. Henry's first wife [his former sister-in-law] Mary Bohun had died in 1394, and he marired his second wife [his future sister-in-law] Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 26) in 1403?
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Before 29th November 1396 [his brother-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 32) and [his illegitimate sister] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 17) were married. She by marriage Baroness Neville Raby. She the illegitmate daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 56) and [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 46). They were half fifth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In February 1397 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 24) was appointed Admiral of the Irish Fleet, Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports.
Parliament Rolls Richard II. 4th February 1397. 28. Be it remembered that on Tuesday, the fifteenth day of the parliament [4 February 1397], the chancellor (age 53), by order of the king (age 30), declared that our holy father the pope, in reverence of the most excellent person of the king and his honourable uncle the [his father] duke of Guyenne and of Lancaster (age 56), and of his blood, has enabled and legitimized my lord [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort (age 24), his brothers [Note. Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 22) and [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 20)], and his [his illegitimate sister] sister (age 18). And therefore our lord the king, as sole ruler of his kingdom of England, for the honour of his blood, willed and enabled of his abundant royal power, and legitimized, of his own authority, the said John, his said brothers, and sister. And he also pronounced and published the ability and legitimation, according to the form of the charter of the king made thereon.
29. Which charter was read in full parliament, and delivered to the said duke, father of the said John, and his said brothers and sister; the tenor of which charter follows:
Richard, by the grace of God, king of England and France and lord of Ireland, to our most beloved kinsmen the noble John, knight, Henry, cleric, Thomas, donzel, and our beloved noblewoman Joan Beaufort, lady-in-waiting, our most beloved cousins born of our uncle that noble man John duke of Lancaster, our lieges, greeting and the goodwill of our royal majesty. While inwardly considering how endlessly and with how many honours of parental and sincere affection of our aforementioned uncle and of his mature counsel we are on all sides blessed, we have judged it appropriate and worthy that in consideration of his merits, and in contemplation of the grace of persons, we should endow you, who are resplendent with probity and virtuous life and conduct, and are born of royal stock and divinely marked with many virtues and gifts, with the protection of grace and favour by special prerogative. Thus it is that, yielding to the prayers of our said uncle, your father, we grant to you who, so it is claimed, have suffered such defect of birth, that, notwithstanding this defect, which, together with its various consequences, we wish to be fully included in these presents, you may nevertheless receive all honours, dignities, preferments, estates, degrees, and public and private offices, both perpetual and temporal, and feudal and noble rights, by whatsoever name they are called, such as duchies, lordships, earldoms, baronies, or whatsoever other fiefs they be, whether they be dependent upon or held of us mediately or intermediately, which may be preferred, promoted, elected, taken up and allowed, and received, retained, performed and exercised prudently, freely and lawfully, as if you were born in wedlock, notwithstanding any statutes or customs of our kingdom of England decreed or observed to the contrary; and we dispense you [from this defect] by the tenor of these presents, by the plenitude of our royal power and with the assent of our parliament; and we restore you and each of you to legitimacy.
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In May 1397 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 24) was appointed Admiral of the Northern Fleet.
After September 1397 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 24) was appointed Lieutenant of Aquitaine.
After September 1397 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 24) was appointed 87th Knight of the Garter by King Richard II of England (age 30).
On 27th November 1397 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 24) and [his sister-in-law] Margaret Holland Duchess Clarence (age 12) were married. She by marriage Countess Somerset. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 47). He the illegitmate son of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 57) and [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 47). They were half third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 27th February 1398 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 23) was appointed Bishop of Lincoln.
On 3rd February 1399 [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 58) died at Leicester Castle [Map]. [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 48) was by his side. His son [his half-brother] Henry (age 31) succeeded 2nd Duke Lancaster, 7th Earl of Leicester. He was buried in the Choir of St Paul's Cathedral [Map] with his first wife Blanche Duchess of Lancaster.
King Richard II of England (age 32) witheld the future Henry IV's inheritance from him giving Henry reason to return to England to claim his lands and titles.
On 30th September 1399 [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 32) became King of England usurping the throne of his cousin Richard II (age 32) and Richard's heir, the seven year old Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March (age 7) who was descended from Edward III's second son [his uncle] Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence. This second usurption was to have far reaching consequences since it subsequently became the descent by which the House of York claimed precedence over the House of Lancaster being one of the causes of the Wars of the Roses.
[his brother-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 35) was appointed Earl Marshal.
On 13th October 1399 [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 32) was crowned IV King of England at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Earl Derby, Earl Lancaster, Duke Lancaster and Earl of Leicester merged with the Crown. Archbishop Thomas Fitzalan aka Arundel (age 46) officiated. Bishop Robert Braybrooke carried the sacraments and said mass.
The future [his nephew] King Henry V of England (age 13) carried the Sword Curtana. Thomas Beauchamp 12th Earl Warwick (age 61) and/or [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 26) carried a sword wrapped in red and bound with golden straps symbolising two-fold mercy. Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 57) carried the Lancaster Sword.
Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester (age 56) carried the Steward's baton. Thomas Erpingham (age 44) carried a Sword.
Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford (age 21) was appointed Knight of the Bath. [his nephew] John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford (age 10), John Arundell (age 33) and Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 17) were knighted.
Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 49) attended.
On 10th November 1399 [his nephew] King Henry V of England (age 13) was created 1st Duke Lancaster by [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 32).
In 1400 [his brother-in-law] John Cornwall 1st Baron Fanhope 1st Baron Milbroke (age 36) and [his half-sister] Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 36) were married. She the daughter of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King John of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1402 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 24) was appointed Captain Ludlow Castle.
In 1402 [his illegitimate daughter] Joan aka Jane Beaufort was born illegitimately to Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 27) and Alice Fitzalan Baroness Cherleton. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married Edward Stradling and had issue.
In 1403 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 28) was appointed Lord Chancellor.
In 1403 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 25) was appointed Admiral of the Fleet.
On 7th February 1403 [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 35) and [his sister-in-law] Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 33) were married at Winchester, Hampshire [Map]. His third marriage, her second. She had eight children with her first husband but, despite ten years of marriage, none with Henry. She the daughter of Charles "Bad" II King Navarre and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre. He the son of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. They were third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 10th May 1403 [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 52) died. She was buried in Lincoln Cathedral [Map]. The monument is thought to be the work of Henry Yevele.
"Katherine's fine tomb chest of Purbeck marble, with its moulded plinth and lid, had armorial shields encircled by garters along each side; it was surmounted by a canopied brass depicting Katherine in her widow's weeds, and bearing her arms impaled with those of John of Gaunt, while above it was raised a vaulted canopy with trefoiled arches, cusped lozenges and miniature rose bosses. The canopy and associated stonework would have been painted in bright colours."
When John Leland visited the Cathedral in about 1540, he recorded that: "In the southe parte of the presbytery lyithe in 2. severalle highe marble tumbes in a chapell Catarine Swineforde, the 3. wife to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, and Jane her dougtar Countes of Westmerland".
In 1654 John Evelyn's Diary: "The soldiers had lately knocked off most of the brasses from the gravestones".
At some point after this the position of the two monuments was changed and they now stand end to end.
On 21st July 1403 [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 36), with his son the future [his nephew] King Henry V of England (age 16), defeated the rebel army of Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 39) at the Battle of Shrewsbury at the site now known as Battlefield, Shrewsbury [Map]. King Henry V of England took an arrow to the side of his face. John Stanley (age 53) was wounded in the throat. Thomas Strickland (age 36) fought and was awarded £38 and two of the rebel Henry's horses. Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 21) fought for the King. Walter Blount (age 55), the King's Standard Bearer, was killed by Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 31).
Thomas Wendesley (age 59), Edmund Cockayne (age 47) and Robert Goushill were killed.
Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford (age 25) was killed. His son Humphrey Stafford succeeded 6th Earl Stafford, 7th Baron Stafford.
Hugh Shirley (age 52) was killed; he was one of four knights dressed as King Henry IV of England.
Of the rebels, Henry "Hotspur" Percy, Madog Kynaston (age 43) and John Clifton were killed.
Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester (age 60) was beheaded after the battle. Earl Worcester extinct.
Richard Vernon 11th Baron Shipbrook (age 48) was hanged. Baron Shipbrook forfeit.
John Rossall was killed. His sister Eleanor Rossall (age 26) inherited a half-share in the Rossall Shrewsbury [Map] estates.
John Massey (age 65) was killed.
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The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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In 1404 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 31) was appointed Constable of England.
Before 15th February 1404 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 27) and [his sister-in-law] Margaret Neville Countess Dorest (age 20) were married. He the illegitmate son of [his father] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster and [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster. They were half fifth cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 19th November 1404 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 29) was appointed Bishop of Winchester.
On 26th November 1405 Thomas Fitzalan 10th Earl of Surrey 5th or 12th Earl of Arundel (age 24) and Beatrice Aviz Duchess Exeter (age 23) were married. [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 38) and [his sister-in-law] Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 35) were present at their wedding feast. She the illegitmate daughter of [his brother-in-law] King John I of Portugal (age 53) and Ines Peres. He the son of Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel and Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey. They were half fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England.
On 31st January 1410 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 33) was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer which position he held until 1411.
On 16th March 1410 [his illegitimate brother] John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset (age 37) died at Hospital of St Katharine's by the Tower, Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at St Michael's Chapel, Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. His son [his illegitimate nephew] Henry (age 9) succeeded 2nd Earl Somerset.
On 5th July 1411 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 34) was created 1st Earl Dorset. [his sister-in-law] Margaret Neville Countess Dorest (age 27) by marriage Countess Dorset.
In 1412 [his nephew] Thomas Lancaster 1st Duke of Clarence (age 24) was created 1st Duke Clarence by [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 44). [his former sister-in-law] Margaret Holland Duchess Clarence (age 27) by marriage Duchess Clarence.
In 1413 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 35) was appointed Lieutenant of Aquitaine.
On 20th March 1413 [his half-brother] King Henry IV of England (age 45) died in the Jerusalem Chamber, Cheyneygates, Westminster Abbey [Map] in Westminster Abbey confirming a prophesy that he would die in Jerusalem. His son [his nephew] Henry (age 26) succeeded V King of England. His sons King Henry V of England and [his nephew] Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester (age 22) were present. He was buried in the Chancel of Canterbury Cathedral [Map].
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
In 1415 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 37) was appointed Captain Harfleur.
On 19th July 1415 [his half-sister] Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal (age 55) died at Sacavém.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 29th October 1415. And in that same year, onne the morne aftyr Syn Symonnys day and Jude, that the mayre shulde ryde to Westemyster for to take his othe, come tydyngys to London of the batayle a-bove said by the Byschoppe of Worseter20, that tyme beyng Chaunceler, for he come to London erly in the mornynge, and warnyd the mayre. And thenne thorowe London they lette rynge the bellys in every chyrche and song Te Deum; and at Powlys [Map], at ix of the clocke, the tydyngys were oppynly proclaymyd to alle the comeners of [th]e cytte and to alle othyr strangerys. And thenne the [his former sister-in-law] Quene (age 45)21, and alle her byschoppys and alle the lordys [th]at were in London that tyme, wentte to Westemyster on her fete a prosessyon to Synt Edward is schryne, whythe alle the prestys, and clerkys, and fryers, and alle othyr relygyous men, devoutely syngynge ande saynge the letanye. And whenne they hadde offerde, the mayre com home rydynge merely whythe alle his aldermen and comeners as they were i-wounte for to doo.
Note 20. Should be Winchester. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester (age 40), afterwards Cardinal. The title is given correctly in Vit.
Note 21. Joan of Navarre, widow of Henry IV.
On 18th November 1416 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 39) was created 1st Duke Exeter by [his nephew] King Henry V of England (age 30) for the remainder of his natural life for 'his service to the king and the realm on both sides of the seas'. At the time the only other dukes were the King's brothers.
On 2nd June 1418 [his half-sister] Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile (age 45) died at Valladolid [Map]. She was buried at Capilla de los Reyes Nuevos, Cathedral of Toledo.
In 1419 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 41) was appointed Captain of Rouen.
Chronicle of Robert Fabyan [-1512]. [24th February 1421] ... and forthe I wyll precede to shewe unto you some parte of the great honour that was vsed & excercysed upon the daye of the sayd quenes coronacion, whiche was after solempnyzed in seynt Peters churche of Westmynster, upon the daye of seynt Mathy the Apostle, or the xxiiii [24th] day of February. After which solempnyzacon in yt churche endyd, she was conveyed into the great halle of Westmynster, & there sette to dyner; upon whose right hande satte, at the ende of the same table, the archebysshop of Caunterbury (age 58), and Henry (age 46), surnamed the rych cardynall of Winchester; and upon the lefte hande of ye quene sat the kynge of Scottes (age 26) in his astate, ye whiche was servyd with coveryd messe lyke unto the forenamed bysshops, but after theym. And upon the same hande & syde, nere to the borde ende, sat the duchesse of Yorke (age 54)1, and the [his half-sister] coutesse of Huntyngdon (age 58). The erle of the Marche (age 29) holdynga ceptre in his hande, knelyd upon the right syde. The erle marshal in lyke maner knelyd upon the left hande of ye quene. The conntesse of Kent (age 41)2 sat under the table at the ryght foot, and the coutesse marshall at the left foot. The duke of Glouceter, sir [his nephew] Humfrey (age 30), was that daye overloker, and stode before the quene bare hedyd. Sir Richarde Neuyll was that daye carver to the quene. The erlys brother of Suffolk cupberer, sir lohn Stewarde sewar. The lord Clyfford paterer, instede of ye erle of Warwik. The lord Wyllughby boteler, in stede of ye erle of Arudell. The lorde Gray Ruthyn (age 59), or Ryffyn, naperer. The lord of Awdeley amner, in stede of the erle of Cambrydge. The erle of Worceter (age 25) was that day erle marshal, in absence of the erle marshall, the whiche rode aboute the halle upon a great courser, wt a multytude of typped stauys aboute hym, to kepe the rome in the halle.
Note 1. her husband Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle had been killed six years before at the Battle of Agincourt so correctly Dowager Duchess of York.
Note 2. her husband Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent had been killed thirteen years before at the Battle of Île de Bréhat so correctly Dowager Countess of Kent.
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In 1424 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 49) was appointed Lord Chancellor.
In 1426 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 51) was appointed Cardinal.
On 24th November 1426 [his half-sister] Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 63) died. She was buried at St Mary's Church, Burford [Map].
On 31st December 1426 [his illegitimate brother] Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 49) died at Greenwich, Kent [Map]. Some sources say 27th December 1426 and 1st January 1427. Duke Exeter and Earl Dorset extinct.
On 6th November 1429 King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 7) was crowned VI King of England by Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 54) at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 47) carried the child King. John Mowbray 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 14) attended. John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont (age 20) was knighted.
On 30th May 1431 Joan of Arc (age 19) was burned at the stake witnessed by Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 56) at the Old Market Place, Rouen [Map].
On 16th December 1431 Henry VI (age 10) was crowned II King France: Lancaster at Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral [Map] by Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 56). A somewhat futile exercise; the last gasps of the Hundred Years War. The ceremony had been arranged by [his nephew] John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford (age 42). His wife Anne Valois Duchess of Bedford (age 27) attended.
Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 53) was appointed Carver.
Thomas Harrington (age 31), Richard Archer (age 44), Hugh Courtenay 4th or 12th Earl Devon and his son Thomas (age 17) attended.
Excerpta Historica Page 152. [1433.] Nothing more has been discovered of Sir [his half-brother] Thomas Swynford (age 66), excepting that the [his illegitimate brother] Duke of Exeter, his half-brother, bequeathed him, by the appellation of "my brother," a silver-gilt cup, and that he died in the 11 Hen. VI. 1432-31, having alienated his lands in Lincolnshire, as the inquisition on his death finds that he held nothing in that county. He appears to have had issue two sons, Thomas (age 27) and William (age 25). Of William, all that is known is, that his half-uncle, Cardinal Beaufort (age 58), by a codicil to his will, dated in 1447, in which he called him "William Swynford my nephew," left him 400l. with a certain quantity of silver vessels.
Note 1. Esch. 11 H.VI. No. 4.
On 13th November 1440 [his illegitimate sister] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 61) died at Howden. She was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map] next to her mother [his mother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster.
An English Chronicle. [22nd July 1441]. In the mene tyme, the forsaid maister Roger was examned before the kyngis counsel; where he confessid and saide that he wroughte the said nygromancie atte stiryng of the forsaid dame Alienore (age 41), to knowe what sholde falle of hir and to what astat she sholde come. Wherfore she was citid to appere befor certayn bisshoppis of the kyngis; that is to say, befor maister Harri Chicheli (age 78), archebisshop of Cauntirbury, maister Harry Beaufort (age 66) bisshoppe of Wynchestre and cardinalle, maister Johan Kemp (age 61) archebisshoppe of York and cardinalle, maister William Ayscoughe (age 46) bisshoppe of Salisbury, and othir, on the Monday the xxij day off Juylle next folowyng, in saint Stepheneȝ chapelle of Westmynstre, forto ansuere to certayn articleȝ of nygromancie, of wicchecraft or sorcery, of heresy and of tresoun. Atte whiche day she apperid; and the forsaid Roger was brouȝt forth forto witnesse ayens hir, and saide that she was cause and first stirid himme to laboure in the said nygromancie; and thanne be commaundement of the said bisshoppis she was committid to the warde of sir Johan Stiward knyghte, and of Johan Stanley squier, and othir of the kyngis hous, forto be lad to the castelle of Ledis, there to be safli kept vnto iij wikis aftir Mighelmasse next thanne comyng. But the said dame Alienore was lothe to go out of the sayntwary and fayned her seek, and wolde haue stole away priveli be watir, but she was let of her purpos and lad forth to the castel beforsaid.
Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. William148, the fourth son of Duke Richard, was born on the 7th of July at Fotheringhay. On the 23rd of February [1447], a Thursday, [his nephew] Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (age 56), uncle of Henry VI, died in parliament at Bury [St. Edmunds]. Henry Beaufort (age 72), Cardinal of England, brother of King Henry IV, died on the 11th of April [1447]. John Holland, Duke of Exeter, died on the 5th of August [1447].
Natus est Willelmus, quartus filius Ricardi ducis, vij. die Julii apud Fodryngay. Obiit xxiij. die Februarii, die Jovis, Hunfridus, dux Gloucestriæ, avunculus Henrici VI. in parliamento apud Bury. Obiit Henricus Beauford, cardinalis Angliæ, frater regis Henrici Quarti, xj. die Aprilis. Obiit dominus Johannes Holonde, dux Exoniæ, y. die Augusti.
Note 148. William of York. Born 7th July 1447. Died young.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. [Around March 1447]. Ande uppon Ester nexte folowynge, Harry Byschoppe of Wynchester and Cardynalle (age 72), and lythe enteryde at Wynchester. And a-non aftyr the dethe of the [his nephew] Duke of Glouceter (deceased) there were a reste many of the said dukys1 to the nombyr of xxxviij squyers, be-syde alle othyr servantys that nevyr ymagenyd no falsenys of the that they were put a-pon of.
Note 1. The word "servants" appears to be omitted.
On 11th April 1447 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 72) died at Wolvesey Castle [Map]. He was buried in his Chantry Chapel at Winchester Cathedral [Map].
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The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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An English Chronicle. [11th April 1447]. And this same yeer, on the Tiwisday in the Estirwike deide maister Harri Beaufort (age 72), bisshoppe of Wynchestre and prest cardinalle of Rome.
Croyland Chronicle 1486. [11th April 1447]. There recurs to my recollection, at the moment while I am writing this account of these circumstances, a praiseworthy deed, and one most deserving of all imitation by others, of that glorious and Catholic man, the said cardinal bishop of Winchester (age 72). When he was ill and at the point of death at his palace of Wolnesey, near his cathedral church of Saint Swithun, in the said year 1447, he caused all the ecclesiastics, religious, and laymen in the vicinity to be summoned to the great hall of the palace, on the Saturday on which the office Sitientes [those who thirst] is chaunted, and which immediately precedes the Sunday of the Passion of our Lord. Here he had a solemn funeral service and the mass of the Requiem performed in his presence, as he lay on his bed; and, on the fifth day after,40 the whole of the office was performed by the prior of that cathedral church in full pontificals. Shortly after the funeral service, his last will and testament was publicly read aloud in presence of all; and, certain corrections and codicils41 having been added by him thereto, on the morning after the mass was performed, publicly and in an audible voice he confirmed all his said testamentary dispositions, which were then once more read over; after which, he bade farewell to all, and departed this life at the time above-mentioned. For, he who wrote this account, was present, and both saw and heard all these things, and we know that his witness is true. Having thus digressed a little, we will hasten to return to the acts and fortunes of the king.
Note 40. This account of the death of Cardinal Beaufort differs very materially from the picture painted of that scene by Shakspeare in his King Henry VI., Part 2; and which is supposed, in some respects, to have been founded on the account given in Hall's Chronicle.
Note 41. These were added on the seventh and ninth of April. He died on the eleventh.
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Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. Ande that year was the Counselle of Aras of alle Crystyn nacyons for to trete of pes by twyne thes ij realmys, Ingelonde and Fraunce, there beynge iij cardynallys; the Cardynalle of Wynchester for the realme of Ingelonde, and his name was Syr Harry Bewforde, the Kyng of Ingelonde is onkylle; the Cardynalle of Syn Crosse, and the Cardynalle of Ciprys. And there was the Duke of Burgayne and many moo othyr lordys of that party. Ande of Ingelonde the [his nephew] Erle of Huntyngdone, whythe many othyr spyrytualle and temporalle of our partye. But was not to noo profyte, for the Fraynysche parte was not alle trewe in her comyng.
Kings Wessex: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings England: Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 9 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 6 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks
Kings France: Great x 10 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 14 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: King John of England Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Henry III of England Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso IX King Leon
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Berengaria Ivrea I Queen Castile Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Simon Dammartin
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Montgomery Countess Ponthieu
GrandFather: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Louis IX of France Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Provence Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Philip IV of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James I King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon
Great x 1 Grandmother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald IV King Navarre 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry I King Navarre 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Bourbon Queen Consort Navarre
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Capet Count of Artois Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Father: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Bouchard Avesnes
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Hainault I Count Hainault 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret II Countess Flanders 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Hainault II Count Hainault II Count Holland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Floris Gerulfing IV Count Holland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Adelaide Gerulfing Countess Hainault 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mathilde Reginar Countess Holland and Palatine Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Waleran Luxemburg III Duke Limburg
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur
Great x 4 Grandmother: Erminsende Namur Countess of Bar
Great x 2 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainault and Holland 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry of Bar II Count of Bar 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Philippa Capet Countess of Bar
GrandMother: Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Louis IX of France Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Provence Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James I King Aragon
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon
Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainault 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Charles Capet of Sicily Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles II King Naples 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Provence Queen Consort Sicily
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Stephen V of Hungary
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Cuman
Cardinal Henry Beaufort Grand Son of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: Giles "Payne" Roet