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Biography of James Tyrrell 1455-1502

Paternal Family Tree: Tyrrell

Maternal Family Tree: Margaret Darcy 1425-1525

1462 Vere Plot to Murder Edward IV

1471 Battle of Tewkesbury

1483 Disappearance of the Princes in the Tower

1502 Trial and Execution of James Tyrrell

In 1452 [his father] William Tyrrell (age 44) and [his mother] Margaret Darcy (age 27) were married. They were third cousin once removed.

Around 1455 James Tyrrell was born to William Tyrrell (age 47) and Margaret Darcy (age 30).

Vere Plot to Murder Edward IV

On 23 Feb 1462 [his father] William Tyrrell (age 54), John Montgomery and Thomas Tuddenham (age 60) were beheaded at Tower Hill [Map].

In 1469 James Tyrrell (age 14) and Anne Arundell were married.

Battle of Tewkesbury

On 04 May 1471 King Edward IV of England (age 29) was victorious at the Battle of Tewkesbury. His brother Richard (age 18), Richard Beauchamp 2nd Baron Beauchamp Powick (age 36), John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk (age 46), George Neville 4th and 2nd Baron Bergavenny (age 31), John Savage (age 49), John Savage (age 27), Thomas St Leger (age 31), John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley, 3rd Baron Tuchet (age 45), Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough (age 40) fought. William Brandon (age 46), George Browne (age 31), Ralph Hastings, Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby (age 38), James Tyrrell (age 16), Roger Kynaston of Myddle and Hordley (age 38) were knighted. William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 40) commanded.

Margaret of Anjou (age 41) was captured. Her son Edward of Westminster Prince of Wales (age 17) was killed. He was the last of the Lancastrian line excluding the illegitmate Charles Somerset 1st Earl of Worcester (age 11) whose line continues to the present.

John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon (age 36) was killed and attainted. Earl Devon, Baron Courtenay forfeit. Some sources refer to these titles as being abeyant?

John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 71) was killed. Baron Wenlock extinct.

John Delves (age 49), John Beaufort (age 30), William Vaux of Harrowden (age 35) and Robert Whittingham (age 42) were killed.

Edmund Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 32), Humphrey Tuchet (age 37) and Hugh Courtenay (age 44) were captured.

Henry Roos fought and escaped to Tewkesbury Abbey [Map] where he sought sanctuary. He was subsequently pardoned.

Disappearance of the Princes in the Tower

The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. [Jul 1483] The Prince (age 12), as soon as the Protector (age 30) had left that name and took himself as King, had it showed unto him he should not reign, but his uncle should have the crown. At which word the Prince, sore abashed, began to sigh and said: "Alas, I would my uncle would let me have my life yet, though I lose my kingdom." Then he that told him the tale, spoke to him with good words and put him in the best comfort he could. But forthwith were the Prince and his brother (age 9) both shut up, and all others removed from them, only one, called Black Will or William Slaughter, set to serve them and see them safe. After which time the Prince never tied his laces, nor took care of himself, but with that young babe, his brother, lingered in thought and heaviness till this traitorous death delivered them of that wretchedness.

For Sir James Tyrell (age 28) devised that they should be murdered in their beds. To the execution whereof, he appointed Miles Forest, one of the four that kept them, a fellow hardened in murder before that time. To him he joined one John Dighton, his own housekeeper, a big, broad, square strong knave. Then all the others being removed from them, this Miles Forest and John Dighton about midnight (the innocent children lying in their beds) came into the chamber, and suddenly lapped them up among the bedclothes-so bewrapped them and entangled them, keeping down by force the featherbed and pillows hard unto their mouths, that within a while, smothered and stifled, their breath failing, they gave up to God their innocent souls into the joys of heaven, leaving to the tormentors their bodies dead in the bed.

Which after that the wretches perceived, first by the struggling with the pains of death, and after long lying still, to be thoroughly dead, they laid their bodies naked out upon the bed, and fetched Sir James to see them. Who, upon the sight of them, caused those murderers to bury them at the stair-foot, suitably deep in the ground, under a great heap of stones.

Then rode Sir James in great haste to King Richard and showed him all the manner of the murder, who gave him great thanks and, as some say, there made him knight. But he allowed not, as I have heard, the burying in so vile a corner, saying that he would have them buried in a better place because they were a king's sons. Lo, the honorable nature of a king! Whereupon they say that a priest of Sir Robert Brakenbury took up the bodies again and secretly buried them in a place that only he knew and that, by the occasion of his death, could never since come to light.

The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. [Jul 1483] Wherewith he took such displeasure and thought, that the same night, he said unto a secret page of his: "Ah, whom shall a man trust? Those that I have brought up myself, those that I had thought would most surely serve me, even those fail me and at my commandment will do nothing for me."

"Sir," said his page, "there lies one outside in your bedchambers who, I dare well say, to do your Grace pleasure, the thing were right hard that he would refuse," meaning by this Sir James Tyrell (age 28), who was a man of right goodly personage and for nature's gifts, worthy to have served a much better prince, if he had well served God and by grace obtained as much truth and good will as he had strength and wit.

The man had a high heart and sore longed upward, not rising yet so fast as he had hoped, being hindered and kept under by the means of Sir Richard Radcliff (age 53) and Sir William Catesby (age 33), who, longing for no more partners of the Prince's favor, and namely, none for him, whose pride they knew would bear no peer, kept him by secret plans out of all secret trust. Which thing this page well had marked and known. Because this occasion offered very special friendship with the King, the page took this time to put him forward and, by such a way, do him such good that all the enemies he had, except the devil, could never have done him so much harm.

For upon this page's words King Richard (age 30) arose (for this communication had he sitting on the stool, an appropriate court for such a council) and came out into the bedchambers, where he found in bed Sir James and Sir Thomas Tyrell, of person alike and brethren of blood, but nothing of kin in qualities. Then said the King merrily to them: "What, sirs, be you in bed so soon?" and calling up Sir James, revealed to him secretly his mind in this mischievous matter, in which he found him nothing unfriendly.

Wherefore on the morrow, he sent him to Brakenbury with a letter, by which he was commanded to deliver Sir James all the keys of the Tower for one night, to the end he might there accomplish the King's pleasure in such thing as he had given him commandment. After which letter was delivered and the keys received, Sir James appointed the next night to destroy them, devising before and preparing the means.

Grafton's Chronicle. [Aug 1483]. For James Tyrrell (age 28) deuised that they should be murthered in their beds and no blood shed: to the execution whereof, he appointed Miles Forest one of the foure that before kept them, a felow flesh bred in murther before time, and to him he ioyncd one Iobn Dighton, his awne horsekeper, a big, broade square, and strong knaue. Then all the other beyng remoued from them, this Miles Forest, and Iolm Dighton about midnight, the siely children liyng in their beddes, came into the chambre, and sodculy lapped them vp amongest the clothes, and so bewrapped them,.and entangled them, kepyng downe by force the fetherbed & pillovves hard vnto their mouthes, that within awhile they smored, and stiried them, & their breathes faylyng, they gaue vp to God their innocent soules, into the ioyes of beauen, leauing to y tormentors their bodies, dead in y bed, which after the wretches perceiued, first by the strugling, with the pangs of death, & after long liyng stil to be throughly dead, they layd the bodies naked out vpon the bed, & fetched Iames Tyrell to see them, which when he saw them perfitely dead, he caused y murtherers to bury them at the stayre foote, metely deepe in the ground vnder a great heape of stones.

Grafton's Chronicle. [Aug 1483]Kyne Richarde after his coronacion, taking his waye to Glocester, to visite in his newe honour, the towne, of which he bare the name before of old, deuised as he rode to fulfill that thing which he before had entended. And forasmuch as his minde gaue him that his neuewes lyuing, men woulde not recon that he coulde haue right to the realme: he thought therefore without delay to ridde them, as though the killyng of his kynsmen might ende hys cause, and make him a kindly king. Where vpon he sent one Iohn Greene, whome he specially trnsted. vnto Sir Robert Brakenburie, constable of the tower, with a letter and credence also, that the same

Sir Robert in anye wyse shoulde put the two children todeath. This Iohn Greene did his errand to Brakenbury, kneeling before our Ladye, in the Towre, who plainely aunswered that he would neuer put them to death, to die therefore. With y which aunswere Iohn Greene returned, recompting the same to king Richarde at Warwike yet on his iourney, wherwith he toke such displeasure, & thought, that the same night, he sayd, to a secret page of his: Ah, whome shall a man trust? they that I haue brought vp my selfe, they that I went would haue most surely serued me, euen those favle me, & at my commaundement wyll do nothing for me.

Sir quod the page, there lieth one in the palet chambre without, that I dare well say, to do your grace pleasure, the thing were right hard that he would refuse, meanyng this by

Sir Iames Tirrell (age 28), which was a man of right goodly personage, and for the giftes of nature worthy to haue serued a much better Prince, if he had well serued God, & by grace obteyned to haue as much truth and good will, as he had strength and witte. The man had an high hart, and sore longed vpwarde, not risyng yet so fast as he had hoped beyng hindered and kept under by Sir Richard Ratcliffe (age 53), and Sir William Catesby (age 33), which longyng for no more partners of the Princes fauour, namelye not for him, whose pride they knewe woulde beare no pere, kept him in secret driftes out of all secret trust: which thing this page had well marked, and knowen: wherefore, this occasion offered, of very speciall friendship spied his time to set him forward, and in such wise to doe him good, that all the enemies that he had (except the Deuill) coulde neuer haue done him so much hurt and shame, for vpon the Pages wordes, king Richard arose (for this communication had he sitting en a Iaques, a cotmenient carpet for such a counsuyle) and came out into the palet chambre, where he did find in bed the sayd Iames Tyrrell, and

Sir Thomas Tyrrell, of person like, & brethren of blood, but nothing of kinne in condicions. Then sayde the king merely to them, what Sirs, be you in bed so sone? and called up Iames Tyrrel and brake to him secretly his minde, in this mischeuous matter, in the which he founde him nothyng straunge. Wherfore on the morowe he sent him to Brakinburie with a letter by the which he was commaunded to deliuer to the sayd Iames all the keyes of the Towre for that night, to the ende that he might there accomplishe the kings pleasure in such things as he there had geuen him in commaudement. After which letter deliuered and the keyes receyued, Iames appointed the next night ensuing to destroy them, deuisyng before & preparyng the meanes.

Polydore Vergil. [Sep 1483] 5. As soon as was done, the cry treason! treason! went up throughout the Tower. When this word spread through the city, the citizens and all the city, taking these words as the truth and yet ignorant of what had happened, began to repeat them. But afterwards when the understood what had been done by means of terrible rumors, then each man began to fear his domestic enemies, and think upon death most foul or flight most wretched, while the whole people lamented the dead man on whom both they themselves and the nobles who loved Edward’s sons had pinned their hopes. Nor did it escape their attention that Richard would spare no man standing between himself and the throne, and that he was turning his royal authority into tyranny. After these Richard, content with the death of William Hastings, sent Thomas Stanley away safe and sound, fearing lest, should he harm him, his son George Lord Strange would provoke some popular rebellion against him. He handed over John Morton, Bishop of Ely, to the Duke of Buckingham to be kept in custody, and the duke forthwith sent him to his castle near the town of Brecknock in Wales. And he committed Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, to the custody of Sir James Tyrell (age 28). For he wished those prelates to be imprisoned until he had gained power and had nobody to fear.

Close Rolls Edward IV Edward V Richard III 1476-1485. On 05 Nov 1483 King Richard III of England (age 31). Bridport, Dorset [Map]. Commission of array in Wales to the king's kinsman William, Earl of Huntingdon (age 32), and James Tyrrell (age 28), knight, for the resistance of the rebels. By K. by word of mouth.

The like to James Tyrell, knight.

Patent Rolls Richard III 1484. 15 Dec 1484. Grant in mortmain by John Huddelston, knight, James Tyrell (age 29), knight, Thomas Barowe, clerk, keeper of the rolls of Chancery, William Tunstall, esquire, Richard Batclyff, knight, Richard Middelton, esquire, Geoffrey Fraunke, esquire, and Robert Brakenbury, esquire, feoffees of the king of the lordship or manor of Medilham, co. York [Map], by precept of the king and by writing indented dated 20 November, 2 Richard III, to John, the abbot, and the convent of St. Mary, Coverham, co. York, of a vaccary or place called Slapegill alias Coverhede in Coverdale, co. York, late parcel of the said lordship or manor, abutting on the water called Cover by le Huntynghalle and so to the north up by Mirkegill to a dyke called Roosedike and so to the north end of the same dyke which is the division between the said vaccary and another vaccary called le Wolddale and so from le Northest ende of the same dyke from le Midmosse as the water called Hevynwater runs between the said vaccary and another called Waldeyn and so from a stone called 'a rase of stonys' on le Coweholes and so from the said stone to the height of le Willingsett at another stone called 'a rase of stonys' and so to le longstone abutting on the height as the water called Hevynwater rans from le Rounde Hill on the moor between the said vaccary and Longstraght and hence descending to two little stones lying on the dyke called Teedike abutting on Scaleparkewall towards Northwestcorner which is the true division between the said vaccary and Sterbotton and from le Scaleparke to a way called Redegate to the west end of a cell called Whermside extending to the height of le Midmosse and so as the water called Hevynwater runs between the said vaccary and Nidderdale to the west end of Whermside by Lordgilcroke and descending by Bruntgill to the said water of Cover, in exchange for 68 acres of arable land and a waste containing about 8 acres now enclosed in the king*s park called Cotiscugh by Middelham [Map], co. York. By p.s. and for £50. paid in the hanaper.

Before 1501 [his son-in-law] Richard Wentworth 5th Baron Despencer (age 20) and [his daughter] Anne Tyrrell Baroness Despencer were married. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.

The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. May 1502. Very truth is it, and well known, that at such time as Sir James Tyrell (age 47) was in the Tower-for treason committed against the most famous prince, King Henry the Seventh-both Dighton and he were examined and confessed the murder in manner above written, but to where the bodies were removed, they could nothing tell. And thus, as I have learned of them that much knew and little cause had to lie, were these two noble princes-these innocent, tender children, born of most royal blood, brought up in great wealth, likely long to live, to reign, and rule in the realm-by traitorous tyranny taken, deprived of their estate, swiftly shut up in prison, and privately slain and murdered, their bodies cast God knows where by the cruel ambition of their unnatural uncle and his merciless tormentors.

Trial and Execution of James Tyrrell

On 02 May 1502 James Tyrrell (age 47) confessed to the murder of the Princes in the Tower at Guildhall [Map] during the Trial and Execution of James Tyrrell attended by King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 45) and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England (age 36).

On 06 May 1502 James Tyrrell (age 47) was executed. He was buried at Austin Friars.

The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. Such things on every part well pondered, God never gave this world a more notable example, either in what insecurity stands this worldly state, or what mischief works the proud enterprise of a high heart, or finally, what wretched end ensues from such pitiless cruelty. For, first, to begin with the ministers: Miles Forest at Saint Martin's piecemeal rotted away; Dighton, indeed, walks on alive in good possibility to be hanged before he die; but Sir James Tyrell died at Tower Hill, beheaded for treason. King Richard himself, as you shall hereafter hear, slain in the field, hacked and hewed of his enemies' hands, dragged on horseback dead, his hair spitefully torn and tugged like a cur dog. And this mischief he received within less than three years of the mischief that he did.

Calais in the Hands of the English. The castle of Guisnes was a post of the greatest importance, situated immediately on the French frontier; and its custody was conferred on persons of the first distinction. The title they bore was that of (the king's) lieutenant, but they were also sometimes styled captain.

Sir James Tyrrell was "capitaine" of Guisnes in 1489 (see note in p. 2).

Sir Nicholas Vaux was lieutenant of Guisnes in the year 1513 (see p. 12). The document which now follows contains the conditions upon which the office was conferred upon him.

Sir William Fitzwilliam was lieutenant of Guisnes in 1524.

William Lord Sandys was "captain" of Guisnes in 1527.

Sir John Wallop, K.G. held this office in 1541 (see the preceding page), and he died possessed of it in 1551 (see p. 211).

Sir Andrew Dudley, K.G. was his successor.

Polydore Vergil. Therefore he wrote a letter to Robert Brackenbury, the Governor of the Tower of London, commanding him to find some honorable way of quickly killing his nephews. Then he departed for York, and was most willingly received by its citizens, who celebrated his arrival with several days of public rejoicing. And Richard, to give even the peasantry the chance to see him, for he was greedy for applause, arranged for the Archbishop of York to announce a day of supplication, and he himself marched in that procession, together with his wife, wearing the crown. Richard took with himself Earl Edward of Warwick, his nephew by his brother Duke George of Clarence, and so this boy would give him no trouble, he sent him to be held in custody in the castle of Sheriff Hutton. But the Governor of the Tower of London, when he received the king’s horrid instructions, was astonished at the atrocity of the thing, and feared that, should he comply, he would someday be called to account. So he did not do this immediately, hoping the king would spare the boys because of their kindred blood or their age, or would change his dire plan. But so far was he from achieving either of these things, since Richard’s mind remained unmoved, that as soon as he learned the governor had put off doing as he was bidden, he assigned this task to another man, James Tyrell. Compelled to to the deed, he sadly went to London and killed the royal children, setting an example nearly unheard-of within human memory. Thus Prince Edward died, together with his brother Richard, but it is unknown what manner of death the poor little boys suffered. Richard, set free by this deed from his care and fear, did not long conceal the murder, and a few days later allowed the rumor of the boy’s death to go abroad, as is reasonable to think, because, after the people had learned that Edward’s male issue was extinct, they would be more tolerant of his own government. But when rumor of his great crime spread abroad, such great sorrow afflicted all men’s minds that everywhere they wept, and after their tears were consumed they groaned, "Is there any man so hostile to God, His holy things, religion, and mankind, who would not shudder at such a foul murder?"

[his daughter] Anne Tyrrell Baroness Despencer was born to James Tyrrell and Anne Arundell.

[his son] William Tyrrell was born to James Tyrrell and Anne Arundell.

[his son] James Tyrrell was born to James Tyrrell and Anne Arundell.

[his son] Thomas Tyrrell was born to James Tyrrell and Anne Arundell.

Royal Descendants of James Tyrrell 1455-1502

Diana Spencer Princess Wales

Ancestors of James Tyrrell 1455-1502

Great x 3 Grandfather: James Tyrrell

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Tyrrell

Great x 1 Grandfather: Walter Tyrrell

GrandFather: John Tyrrell

Great x 2 Grandfather: John or Edmund Flambard

Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleanor Flambard

Father: William Tyrrell

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Coggeshall

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Coggeshall

Great x 1 Grandfather: William Coggeshall

GrandMother: Alice Eleanor Coggeshall

James Tyrrell

Great x 4 Grandfather: Norman Darcy

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Darcy

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Darcy

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Darcy

GrandFather: Robert Darcy

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Tyrrell

Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter Tyrrell

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Tyrrell

Great x 1 Grandmother: Alice Tyrrell

Mother: Margaret Darcy