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Culture, England, Offices of Parliament, Privy Council
Privy Council is in Offices of Parliament.
In 1381 Aubrey de Vere 10th Earl of Oxford (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1404 Thomas Rempston was appointed Privy Council.
In 1422 Ralph Cromwell 3rd Baron Cromwell (age 19) was appointed Privy Council.
On 17 Jul 1433 John Cornwall 1st Baron Fanhope 1st Baron Milbroke (age 69) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1454 Edward Neville 1st Baron Bergavenny (age 41) was appointed to the Privy Council.
Before Dec 1462 Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough (age 31) was appointed Esquire to the Body to King Edward IV of England (age 20), and to the Privy Council.
In 1471 John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley, 3rd Baron Tuchet (age 45) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1483 Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 40) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1505 Rhys ap Thomas Deheubarth (age 56) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1512 George Talbot 4th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 44) was appointed Privy Council.
After 1523 Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset (age 45) was appointed Privy Council.
Before 15 Feb 1526 Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 27) was appointed Privy Council.
Before 22 Mar 1531 John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford (age 60) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1536 John Russell 1st Earl Bedford (age 51) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1540 Thomas Cheney (age 55) was appointed Privy Council.
On 10 Jun 1540 Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl Essex (age 55) attended a Meeting of the Privy Council where he was arrested. It isn't entirely clear why he was arrested but his role in the King's recent failed marriage to Anne of Cleves Queen Consort England (age 24) is likely to have played a part. Either Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 67) or William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton (age 50) tore off Cromwell's St George of the Order of the Garter; the source of this story unknown? He was imprisoned in the Tower of London [Map].
Earl Essex and Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon in Surrey forfeit.
On 12 Nov 1549 Walter Mildmay (age 28) was ordered by the Privy Council to examine the Westminster Palace [Map] which had been in the custody of Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (age 49).
After 1550 George Brooke 9th Baron Cobham (age 53) was appointed Privy Council.
On 24 Jan 1550 Thomas Darcy 1st Baron Darcy (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
Around 1552 Henry Neville 5th Earl of Westmoreland (age 27) was appointed Privy Council.
In Mar 1552 John Cock (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1553 Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 80) was appointed Privy Council.
On 16 Aug 1553 Judge Richard Morgan was appointed to the Privy Council.
In 1558 Edward Rogers (age 60) was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, Captain of the Yeoman of the Guard and Privy Council.
In 1558 William Howard 1st Baron Howard (age 48) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1577 Henry Carey 1st Baron Hunsdon (age 50) was appointed Privy Council.
Before 12 Feb 1586 William Brooke 10th Baron Cobham (age 58) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1587 Thomas Heneage (age 55) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1593 Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 27) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1601 Robert Killigrew (age 21) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1603 Edward Zouche 11th Baron Zouche Harringworth (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1603 Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton (age 62) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1603 Edward Bruce 1st Lord Kinloss (age 55) was appointed Privy Council.
On 24 Mar 1611 Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset (age 24) was created 1st Viscount Rochester and to the Privy Council. Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset was now the Kings (age 44) favourite.
After 24 Mar 1611 Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex (age 20) was appointed Privy Counciller.
In 1617 Henry Carey 1st Viscount Falkland (age 42) was appointed Comptroller of the Household and to the Privy Council.
On 06 Apr 1617 Francis Manners 6th Earl of Rutland (age 39) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1639 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1639 George Goring 1st Earl Norwich (age 53) was appointed Privy Council.
On 27 Jan 1641 Richard Browne 1st Baronet (age 36) was appointed Clerk-in-Ordinary to the Privy Council.
On 08 Aug 1641 Henry Bourchier 5th Earl Bath (age 54) was appointed to the Privy Council.
In 1645 Henry Pierrepont 1st Marquess Dorchester (age 38) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1660 Henry Pierrepont 1st Marquess Dorchester (age 53) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1668 Francis Newport 1st Earl Bradford (age 47) was appointed Privy Council.
Evelyn's Diary. 26 May 1671. The Earl of Bristol's (age 58) house in Queen's Street was taken for the Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, and furnished with rich hangings of the King's (age 40). It consisted of seven rooms on a floor, with a long gallery, gardens, etc. This day we met the Duke of Buckingham (age 43), Earl of Lauderdale (age 55), Lord Culpeper, Sir George Carteret (age 61), Vice-Chamberlain, and myself, had the oaths given us by the Earl of Sandwich (age 45), our President. It was to advise and counsel his Majesty, to the best of our abilities, for the well-governing of his Foreign Plantations, etc., the form very little differing from that given to the Privy Council. We then took our places at the Board in the Council-Chamber, a very large room furnished with atlases, maps, charts, globes, etc. Then came the Lord Keeper, Sir Orlando Bridgeman (age 65), Earl of Arlington (age 53), Secretary of State, Lord Ashley, Mr. Treasurer (age 40), Sir John Trevor (age 34), the other Secretary, Sir John Duncomb (age 49), Lord Allington (age 31), Mr. Grey, son to the Lord Grey, Mr. Henry Broncher, Sir Humphrey Winch (age 49), Sir John Finch, Mr. Waller (age 65), and Colonel Titus (age 48), of the bedchamber, with Mr. Slingsby, Secretary to the Council, and two Clerks of the Council, who had all been sworn some days before. Being all set, our Patent was read, and then the additional Patent, in which was recited this new establishment; then, was delivered to each a copy of the Patent, and of instructions: after which, we proceeded to business.
On 17 Apr 1672 Henry Somerset 1st Duke Beaufort (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
Evelyn's Diary. 18 Aug 1673. My Lord Clifford (age 43), being about this time returned from Tunbridge [Map], and preparing for Devonshire, I went to take my leave of him at Wallingford House; he was packing up pictures, most of which were of hunting wild beasts and vast pieces of bull-baiting, bear-baiting, etc. I found him in his study, and restored to him several papers of state, and others of importance, which he had furnished me with, on engaging me to write the "History of the Holland War", with other private letters of his acknowledgments to my Lord Arlington (age 55), who from a private gentleman of a very noble family, but inconsiderable fortune, had advanced him from almost nothing. The first thing was his being in Parliament, then knighted, then made one of the Commissioners of sick and wounded, on which occasion we sat long together; then, on the death of Hugh Pollard, he was made Comptroller of the Household and Privy Councillor, yet still my brother Commissioner; after the death of Lord Fitz-Harding, Treasurer of the Household, he, by letters to Lord Arlington, which that Lord showed me, begged of his Lordship to obtain it for him as the very height of his ambition. These were written with such submissions and professions of his patronage, as I had never seen any more acknowledging. The Earl of Southampton then dying, he was made one of the Commissioners of the Treasury. His Majesty (age 43) inclining to put it into one hand, my Lord Clifford, under pretense of making all his interest for his patron, my Lord Arlington, cut the grass under his feet, and procured it for himself, assuring the King that Lord Arlington did not desire it. Indeed, my Lord Arlington protested to me that his confidence in Lord Clifford made him so remiss and his affection to him was so particular, that he was absolutely minded to devolve it on Lord Clifford, all the world knowing how he himself affected ease and quiet, now growing into years, yet little thinking of this go-by. This was the great ingratitude Lord Clifford showed, keeping my Lord Arlington in ignorance, continually assuring him he was pursuing his interest, which was the Duke's (age 39) into whose great favor Lord Clifford was now gotten; but which certainly cost him the loss of all, namely, his going so irrevocably far in his interest.
In 1679 Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 48) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1679 John Egerton 2nd Earl Bridgewater (age 55) was appointed Privy Council.
Evelyn's Diary. 01 Apr 1679. My friend, Mr. Godolphin (age 33), was now made one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, and of the Privy Council.
Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jun 1681. I went to Hampton Court [Map], when the Surrey gentlemen presented their addresses to his Majesty (age 51), whose hand I kissed, introduced by the Duke of Albemarle (age 27). Being at the Privy Council, I took another occasion of discoursing with Sir Stephen Fox (age 54) about his daughter (age 12) and to revive that business, and at least brought it to this: That in case the young people liked one the other, after four years, he first desiring to see a particular of my Lord's (age 39) present estate if I could transmit it to him privately, he would make her portion £14,000, though to all appearance he might likely make it £50,000 as easily, his eldest son (age 15) having no child and growing very corpulent.
Before 1685 Daniel Finch 2nd Earl Nottingham 7th Earl Winchilsea (age 37) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1686 Roger Palmer 1st Earl Castlemaine (age 52) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1688 Christopher Vane 1st Baron Barnard (age 34) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1689 Francis Newport 1st Earl Bradford (age 68) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1689 John Hay 1st Marquess Teviotdale (age 63) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1689 Richard Lumley 1st Earl Scarborough (age 39) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1689 Henry Howard 7th Duke of Norfolk (age 33) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1689 Robert Howard (age 62) was appointed Privy Council.
On 14 Feb 1689 William Russell 1st Duke Bedford (age 72) was appointed Privy Council.
Evelyn's Diary. 12 Apr 1689. King James (age 55) was now certainly in Ireland with the Marshal d'Estrades, whom he made a Privy Councillor; and who caused the King to remove the Protestant Councillors, some whereof, it seems, had continued to sit, telling him that the King of France (age 50), his master, would never assist him if he did not immediately do it; by which it is apparent how the poor Prince is managed by the French.
In 1702 George Compton 4th Earl of Northampton (age 37) was appointed Privy Council.
On 21 Apr 1702 John Grubyham Howe (age 45) was appointed Privy Council.
On 18 Jul 1702 Thomas Thynne 1st Viscount Weymouth (age 62) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1704 Henry Grey 1st Duke Kent (age 33) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1708 Henry Howard 6th Earl Suffolk (age 38) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1708 Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven (age 21) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1708 Thomas Coke (age 33) was appointed Privy Council.
On 02 Jun 1709 John Holland 2nd Baronet (age 40) was appointed to the Privy Council.
In 1710 William Berkeley 4th Baron Berkeley (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1710. John James Baker. Known as "Whig Junto". From www.tate.org ... This is a portrait of a political group named the Whig Junto and a Black servant, whose identity is unknown. It is the only known portrait of the Junto, which was an ideologically close-knit group of political peers who formed the leadership of the Whig party in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The members of the group are shown gathered together on a grand terrace, while a vista onto a garden is revealed by the Black servant, who holds back a heavy velvet curtain. The grand architectural setting is imagined, and is deliberately evocative of power and status. The picture was commissioned by Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford (age 57), who stands on the right, as if welcoming the company. It is not known if Orford had a Black servant in his household or whether the individual was included to emphasise Orford's wealth and social standing. At the time, Britain was profiting heavily from the trade of enslaved people from West Africa. The presence of Black servants, many of whom were enslaved, in both aristocratic and merchant households had come to symbolise property and wealth. This reflected the dehumanising view of enslaved Black people held by the British elite.
The scene conjures one of the Junto's country house meetings where, in between parliamentary sessions, policy and party strategy were formulated. From left to right the sitters round the table can be identified as Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (age 34); Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton (age 61); John Somers, 1st Baron Somers (1C 1697) (age 58); Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (age 48); and William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (age 38). The lavish surroundings probably represent Orford's house, Chippenham, where Junto meetings sometimes took place. It was also ideally located for the nearby Newmarket horse races, which the members of the Junto frequently attended when parliament was not sitting.
The portrait is dated 1710, before the crushing electoral defeat of the Whigs in October of that year. It shows the political allies while in power, when Sunderland was Secretary of State, Wharton Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Somers Lord President of the Privy Council, Devonshire Lord Steward and a member of the Privy Council, and Orford First Lord of the Admiralty. On the surface the portrait shows a relaxed gathering of fellow connoisseurs, seated round a table consulting antique medals and books of prints. Fittingly, Somers and Halifax sit at the centre of the company, holding a book and handling a medal respectively. Both were known collectors and antiquarians - Somers was one of the founders of the Whig Kit-Cat Club, a convivial drinking and dining club, but which also had a political propagandist agenda; he had also purchased the Resta collection of drawings from Italy in 1709. Halifax had a celebrated library and a collection of antique medals (sold in 1740), to which those being consulted presumably allude. Behind this exterior of cultural appreciation, however, the portrait advertises Whig policy in 1709-10, which supported the continuation of war against France in opposition to Tory calls for peace. The two visible prints are friezes from Trajan's column showing episodes from the Dacian wars, with the Roman army crossing the Danube. The viewer is invited to make parallels between the valour and victories of the Roman emperors and the current military greatness achieved for Britain by the Duke of Marlborough's campaigns. The globe, showing the Pacific, presumably alludes to Whig foreign policy ambitions beyond Europe. By defeating France in Europe, they aimed to gain commercial access to Spanish American trade routes. It reflects the competitive European colonial pursuit of new markets, including the selling of enslaved West African people to Spanish territories overseas.
John James Baker (or Backer, or Bakker) is thought to have been Flemish, from Antwerp. He was Godfrey Kneller's (age 63) (1646-1723) long-time studio assistant and drapery painter, and this is his largest, most ambitious and complex work. The symbolic programme was presumably devised by Orford in discussion with Baker. The Duke of Devonshire was not a regular member of the Junto, although an increasingly important Whig peer, but his inclusion here is presumably because of his kinship relationship with Orford. The picture is thus a demonstration of Orford's private as well as professional networks, and also his pride and ambition. It would have been displayed at Chippenham in the newly appointed, fashionable interiors, alongside other works that Orford commissioned to advertise his public achievement and the private and professional networks that sustained his power and influence.
In 1712 Francis North 2nd Baron Guildford (age 38) was appointed Privy Council.
The 1715 Battle of Preston was the final action of the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion. It commenced on 09 Nov 1715 when Jacobite cavalry entered Preston, Lancashire [Map]. Royalist troops arrived in number over the next few days surrounding Preston forcing the Jaocbite surrender. 1463 were taken prisoner of which 463 were English. The Scottish prisoners included:
George Seton 5th Earl of Winton (age 37). The only prisoner to plead not guilty, sentenced to death, escaped from the Tower of London [Map] on 04 Aug 1716 around nine in the evening. Travelled to France then to Rome.
On 24 Feb 1716 William Gordon 6th Viscount Kenmure was beheaded on Tower Hill [Map].
On 09 Feb 1716 William Maxwell 5th Earl Nithsale was sentenced to be executed on 24 Feb 1716. The night before his wife (age 35) effected his escape from the Tower of London [Map] by exchanging his clothes with those of her maid. They travelled to Paris then to Rome where the court of James "Old Pretender" Stewart (age 26) was.
James Radclyffe 3rd Earl Derwentwater (age 25) was imprisoned in the Tower of London [Map]. He was examined by the Privy Council on 10 Jan 1716 and impeached on 19 Jan 1716. He pleaded guilty in the expectation of clemency. He was attainted and condemned to death. Attempts were made to procure his pardon. His wife Anna Maria Webb Countess Derwentwater (age 23), her sister Mary Webb Countess Waldegrave (age 20) [Note. Assumed to be her sister Mary], their aunt Anne Brudenell Duchess Richmond (age 44), Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland appealed to King George I of Great Britain and Ireland (age 54) in person without success.
On 24 Feb 1716 James Radclyffe 3rd Earl Derwentwater was beheaded on Tower Hill [Map]. Earl Derwentwater, Baronet Radclyffe of Derwentwater in Cumberland forfeit.
William Murray 2nd Lord Nairne was tried on 09 Feb 1716 for treason, found guilty, attainted, and condemned to death. He survived long enough to benefit from the Indemnity Act of 1717.
General Thomas Forster of Adderstone (age 31) was attainted. He was imprisoned at Newgate Prison, London [Map] but escaped to France.
On 14 May 1716 Henry Oxburgh was hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Gile's in the Fields. His head was spiked on Temple Bar.
The trials and sentences were overseen by the Lord High Steward William Cowper 1st Earl Cowper (age 50) for which he subsequently received his Earldom.
In 1715 Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 31) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1716 Charles Bennet 1st Earl Tankerville (age 42) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1716 Spencer Compton 1st Earl Wilmington (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
On 30 Mar 1716 Thomas Newport 1st Baron Torrington (age 61) was appointed Privy Council.
On 26 May 1723 Francis Godolphin 2nd Earl Godolphin (age 44) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1735 Benjamin Mildmay 1st Earl Fitzwalter (age 62) was appointed to the Privy Council and as First Lord of Trade.
In 1735 William Flower 1st Baron Castle Durrow (age 49) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1740 Sidney Beauclerk (age 36) was appointed Privy Council.
On 06 Jun 1746 William Fitzwilliam 1st and 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam (age 26) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1752 James Waldegrave 2nd Earl Waldegrave (age 36) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1757 Thomas Osborne 4th Duke Leeds (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1761 Anthony Ashley-Cooper 4th Earl Shaftesbury (age 49) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1761 William Talbot 1st Earl Talbot (age 50) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1762 Hugh Percy 1st Duke Northumberland (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1762 James Stanley "Lord Strange" (age 46) was appointed to the Privy Council.
In 1762 John Cust 3rd Baronet (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1763 Stephen Fox-Strangways 1st Earl of Ilchester (age 58) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1765 Richard Lumley-Saunderson 4th Earl Scarborough (age 39) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1770 Henry Carteret 1st Baron Carteret (age 35) was appointed Privy Council.
On 12 Feb 1779 Robert Bertie 4th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven (age 22) was appointed to the Privy Council and as Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire.
On 12 Feb 1779 Brownlow Bertie 5th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven (age 49) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire and to the Privy Council.
In 1782 Augustus Keppel 1st Viscount Keppel (age 56) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1782 Peter Ludlow 1st Earl Ludlow (age 51) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1785 Thomas Orde-Powlett 1st Baron Bolton (age 44) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1793 Charles Spencer (age 52) was appointed Privy Council.
On 26 Apr 1797 Charles Henry Somerset (age 29) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1817 Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 2nd Earl Talbot (age 39) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1827 George William Frederick Osborne 6th Duke Leeds (age 51) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1828 Thomas Peregrine Courtenay (age 45) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1833 William Feilding 6th Earl Desmond 7th Earl Denbigh (age 36) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1835 Charles Fitzroy (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1846 Edward George Fitzalan Howard 1st Baron Howard (age 27) was appointed Privy Council.
In Oct 1851 Edward Adolphus Seymour 12th Duke of Somerset (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.
On 02 Feb 1852 Henry Richard Charles Wellesley 1st Earl Cowley (age 47) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1866 William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter (age 40) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1874 Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 19th Earl of Shrewsbury 4th Earl Talbot (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
In 1876 Henry Frederick Thynne (age 43) was appointed Privy Council.
The London Gazette 26320. At the Court at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, the 25th day of August, 1892.
PRESENT, The Queen's (age 73) Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
This day the Right Honourable George William Henry, Lord Vernon (age 38), was, by Her Majesty's command, sworn of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and took his place at the Board accordingly
In Dec 1901 Henry Aubrey-Fletcher 4th Baronet (age 66) was appointed to the Privy Council.
In 1906 John Brunner 1st Baronet (age 63) was appointed to the Privy Council.
Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby was appointed Privy Council.
Thomas Cheney was appointed Privy Council.
Thomas Stanley 1st Baron Stanley was appointed Privy Council.
Culture, England, Offices of Parliament, Clerk to the Privy Council
On 19 Apr 1550 William Thomas Scholar was appointed Clerk to the Privy Council.
