The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Count Toulouse is in Counts of France.
In 1037 Pons Rouerge Margrave Provence [aged 46] succeeded Margrave Provence, Count Toulouse.
In 1061 Pons Rouerge Margrave Provence [aged 70] died at Toulouse. He was buried at Basilica of Saint Sernin. His son William [aged 21] succeeded Margrave Provence, IV Count Toulouse.
Before 1103 Raymond Rouerge IV Count Toulouse [aged 61] and Elvira Alfónsez Jiménez Queen Consort Sicily [aged 23] were married. She by marriage Countess Toulouse. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She the illegitmate daughter of Alfonso "Brave" VI King Leon VI King Castile [aged 61] and Jimena Munoz. He the son of Pons Rouerge Margrave Provence and Almodis La Marche Margrave Provence.
On 28th February 1105 Raymond Rouerge IV Count Toulouse [aged 64] died. His son Bertrand succeeded I Count Toulouse.
In 1112 Bertrand Count of Toulouse died. His brother Alphonse [aged 9] succeeded I Count Toulouse.
In 1148 Alphonse Rouerge I Count Toulouse [aged 45] died. His son Raymond [aged 14] succeeded V Count Toulouse.
Around 1194 Raymond Rouerge V Count Toulouse [aged 60] died. His son Raymond [aged 37] succeeded VI Count Toulouse.
In October 1196 Raymond Count of Toulouse [aged 39] and Joan Plantagenet Queen Consort Sicily [aged 31] were married at Rouen, France [Map]. She by marriage Countess Toulouse. She the daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England [aged 74]. He the son of Raymond Rouerge V Count Toulouse and Constance Capet Countess Boulogne and Toulouse. They were third cousin once removed.
On 2nd August 1222 Raymond Count of Toulouse [aged 65] died. His son Raymond [aged 25] succeeded VII Count Toulouse. Sancha Barcelona Countess Toulouse by marriage Countess Toulouse.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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In 1243 Raymond Rouerge VII Count Toulouse [aged 45] and Margaret Lusignan Countess Toulouse [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Countess Toulouse. The difference in their ages was 28 years. She the daughter of Hugh X of Lusignan V Count La Marche [aged 60] and Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England [aged 55]. He the son of Raymond Count of Toulouse and Joan Plantagenet Queen Consort Sicily. They were second cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 27th September 1249 Alphonse Count Poitiers II Count Toulouse [aged 28] by marriage II Count Toulouse.
Raymond Rouerge V Count Toulouse and Constance Capet Countess Boulogne and Toulouse were married. She by marriage Countess Toulouse. She the daughter of Louis VI King of the Franks and Adelaide Savoy Queen Consort France. He the son of Alphonse Rouerge I Count Toulouse.
Raymond Rouerge IV Count Toulouse was appointed IV Count Toulouse.
Joan Rouerge Marquess Provence was appointed VII Count Toulouse.