1300-1309 Scottish Succession
1300-1309 Scottish Succession is in 14th Century Events.
Siege of Caerlaverock Castle
In Jul 1300 Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford (age 26), Hugh Courtenay 9th Earl Devon (age 23), Simon Fraser, John Mohun 1st Baron Dunster (age 31) and Simon Montagu 1st Baron Montagu (age 50) fought at Caerlaverock during the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle.
Edward II Created Prince of Wales
On 07 Feb 1301 King Edward II of England (age 16) was created Prince of Wales by his father King Edward I of England (age 61); the first English heir to receive the title. He was created 1st Earl Chester the same day.
Battle of the Golden Spurs aka Courtrai
On 11 Jul 1302 the army of Flanders unexpectedly defeated the army of France at Kortrijk during the Battle of the Golden Spurs aka Courtrai. Robert Artois II Count Artois (age 51), Raoul II de Clermont (age 57), Raoul Nesle and Godfrey Reginar were killed.
Jacques Chatillon was killed.
Battle of Roslyn
John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation Book 4 Chapter 107. On the 27th of July 1302, [Note. The date here confusing since the Battle of Roslyn is reported to have taken place on 24 Feb 1303] took place the great and famous engagement between the Scots and English, at Roslyn [Map], where the English were defeated, though with great difficulty. From the beginning of the first war which ever broke out between the Scots and English, it is said, there never was so desperate a struggle, or one in which the stoutness of knightly prowess shone forth so brightly. The commander and leader in this struggle was John Comyn (age 33), the son. Now this was how this struggle came about, and the manner thereof. After the battle fought at Falkirk, the king of England (age 63) came not in person, for the nonce, this side of the water of Forth; but sent a good large force, which plundered the whole land of Fife, with all the lands lying near the town of Perth [Map], after having killed a great many of the dwellers in those lands. On the return of this force, with countless spoils, that king hied him home again with his host. Now this was brought about, doubtless, by God's agency: for had he made a lengthened stay then, or after the battle of Dunbar and the seizure of King John (age 53), he would either have subjugated the whole land of Scotland, and the dwellers therein, to his sway, or made it a waste with naught but floods and stones. But the goodness of God, Who alone tends and heals after wounds, so governed the actions and time of that king, that, being stirred up to battle, and engrossed with sundry wars, he could not put off all other matters, and give himself up to subduing this kingdom. So that king of England went back with his men, having first appointed the officers of the sheriffdoms, and the wardens of the castles, in the districts beyond the water of Forth, which were then fully and wholly subject unto his sway - with the exception of a few outlaws (or, indeed, robbers), of Scottish birth, who were lurking in the woods, and could not, because of their misdeeds, submit to the laws. But John Comyn, then guardian of Scotland, and Simon Eraser, with their followers, day and night did their best to harass and annoy, by their great prowess, the aforesaid king's officers and bailiffs; and from the time of that king's departure, for four years and more, the English and the Anglicized Scots were harried by them, in manifold ways, by mutual slaughter and carnage, according to the issue of various wars.
John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation Book 4 Chapter 108. 24 Feb 1303. When the aforesaid king (age 63) had got news of this, he sent off a certain nobleman, Ralph Confrere, his treasurer (Ralph de Manton, the Cofferer), a man stout in battle, and of tried judgment and wisdom, with a certain body of chosen knights, thoroughly well-armed, to seek out, in every hole and corner, those who troubled and disturbed the king's peace, and not to forbear punishing them with the penalty of death. So they entered Scotland, and went about ranging through the land, until they, at Roslyn, pitched their tents, split up into three lines apart, for want of free camping room. But the aforesaid John Comyn (age 34) and Simon, with their abettors, hearing of their arrival, and wishing to steal a march rather than have one stolen upon them, came briskly through from Biggar to Eoslyn, in one night, with some chosen men, who chose rather death before unworthy subjection to the English nation; and, all of a sudden, they fearlessly fell upon the enemy. But having been, a little before, roused by the sentries, all those of the first line seized their weapons, and manfully withstood the attacking foe. At length, however, the former were overcome. Some were taken, and some slain; while some, again, fled to the other line. But, while the Scots were sharing the booty, another line straightway appeared, in battle-array; so the Scots, on seeing it, slaughtered their prisoners, and armed their own vassals with the spoils of the slain; then, putting away their jaded horses, and taking stronger ones, they fearlessly hastened to the fray. When this second line had been, at length, overcome, though with difficulty, and the Scots thought they had ended their task, there appeared a third, mightier than the former, and more choice in their harness. The Scots were thunderstruck at the sight of them; and being both fagged out in manifold ways, - by the fatigues of travelling, watching, and want of food - and also sore distressed by the endless toil of fighting, began to be weary, and to quail in spirit, beyond belief. But, when the people were thus thrown into bewilderment, the aforesaid John and Simon, with, hearts undismayed, took up, with their weapons, the office of preachers; and, comforting them with their words, cheering them with their promises, and, moreover, reminding them of the nobleness of freedom, and the baseness of thraldom, and of the unwearied toil which their ancestors had willingly undertaken for the deliverance of their country, they, with healthful warnings, heartened them to the fray. So, being greatly emboldened by these and such-like words, the Scots laid aside all cowardice, and got back their strength. Then they slaughtered their prisoners, with whose horses and arms they were again - as it were - renewed; and, putting their trust in God, they and their armed vassals marched forward most bravely and dashingly to battle. The shock was so mighty and fierce, that many were run through, and bereft of life; and some of either host, after awful spear-thrusts, savage flail-strokes, and hard cudgelling, withdrew from the ranks, by hundreds, forties, and twenties, to the hills, time after time, fagged out and dazed by the day's fighting. There they would throw back their helmets, and let the winds blow upon them; and after having been thus cooled by the breeze, they would put away their wounded horses, and, mounting other fresh ones, would thus be made stronger against the onslaughts of the foe. So, after this manifold ordeal and awful struggle, the Scots, who, if one looked at the opposite side, were very few in number - as it were a handful of corn or flour compared with the multitude of the sea-sand - by the power, not of man, but of God, subdued their foes, and gained a happy and gladsome victory.
On 24 Feb 1303 at Roslyn a Scottish force commanded by Simon Fraser and John Comyn 3rd Lord Baddenoch (age 34) ambushed the English army led by John Segrave 2nd Baron Segrave (age 47) who was captured and subsequently released.
Ambush at Melrose Abbey
In May 1303 John Comyn 3rd Lord Baddenoch (age 34) ambushed the English army who were camped at Melrose Abbey, Melrose. Thomas Grey (age 23) was captured. Most of his comrades were killed.
Battle of Happrew
Around 20 Feb 1304 a chevauchée of English knights including Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford (age 29), William Latimer 2nd Baron Latimer of Corby (age 28), John Mohun 1st Baron Dunster (age 35), John Segrave 2nd Baron Segrave (age 48) and the future King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland (age 29) attempted, unsuccessfully, to capture Simon Fraser and William Wallace at Happrew, Peebles during the Battle of Happrew.
Siege of Stirling Castle
In Apr 1304 Thomas Grey (age 24) fought under Henry Beaumont Earl Buchan (age 25) at Siege of Stirling Castle.
On 20 Jul 1304 William Oliphant Governor of surrendered Stirling Castle [Map] to King Edward I of England (age 65).
In 1336 William Keith of Galston (age 36) died at the Siege of Stirling Castle.
Battle of Mons en Pévèle
On 18 Aug 1304 John Capet II Duke Brittany (age 65) fought during the Battle of Mons en Pévèle.
Capture of William Wallace
On 05 Aug 1305 William Wallace was handed over to the English forces by John Menteith (age 30) at Robroyston, Glasgow.
Execution of William Wallace
John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation Book 4 Chapter 116. In the year 1305, William Wallace was craftily and treacherously taken by John of Menteith (age 30), who handed him over to the king of England (age 66); and he was, in London, torn limb from limb, and, as a reproach to the Scots, his limbs were hung on towers in sundry places throughout England and Scotland.
Documents Illustrative of the Life of William Wallace Chapter 28. 23 Aug 1305. It is adjudged that the aforesaid William [William Wallace], for the manifest sedition which he committed against his lord the king by feloniously plotting to kill him, by carrying the banner against his liege lord in mortal battle, and by attempting the annulment and overthrow of his crown and royal dignity, shall be drawn from the palace at Westminster to the Tower of London, and from the Tower to Aldgate, and thus through the middle of the city to Smithfield (Elmes), and for the robberies, murders, and felonies which he committed in the kingdom of England and the land of Scotland, he shall be hanged there, and afterwards cut down. And because he was outlawed, and was never restored to the king’s peace, he shall be beheaded and decapitated. And afterwards, for the immense vileness he committed against God and Holy Church by burning churches, vessels, and reliquaries in which the body of Christ and the bodies and relics of the saints were placed, his heart, liver, lungs, and all his internal organs, from which such perverse thoughts proceeded, shall be cast into the fire and burned. And also, because he committed the aforesaid sedition, depredations, arsons, murders, and felonies not only against his lord the king but against all the people of England and Scotland, the body of the said William shall be cut and divided into four quarters, and his head thus severed shall be set upon London Bridge in view of those passing by both by land and by water, and one quarter shall be hung on the gibbet at Newcastle upon Tyne, another quarter at Berwick, a third quarter at Stirling, and the fourth quarter at St. John’s Town (Perth), as a warning and punishment to all who pass by and see them, etc.
— Consideratum est quod prædictus Willelmus pro manifesta seditione quam ipsi domino regi secerat felonice machinando, in mortem ejus perpetrando, annulationem et enervationem coronæ et regiæ dignitatis suæ vexillum contra dominum suum ligium in bello mortali deferendo, detrahatur a palatio Westmonasterii ussque Turrim London, et a Turri usque Allegate, et sic per medium civitatis usque Elmes, et pro roberiis et homicidiis et feloniis, quas in regno Angliæ et terra Scotia fecit, ibidem sufsendatur et poftea devaletur. Et quia utlagatus fuit, nec postea ad pacem domini regis restitutus, decolletur et decapitetur. Et postea pro immensa vilitate, quam Deo et sacrosanctæ ecclesiæ fecit comburendo ecclesias, vasa et feretra, in quibus corpus Christi et corpora sanctorum et reliquiæ eorundem collocabantur, cor, epar, et pulmo et omnia interiora ipsius Willelmi, a quibus tam perversæ cogitationes processerunt, in ignem mittantur et comburentur. Et etiam, quia non solum ipsi domino regi, sed toti plebi Angliæ et Scotiæ, prædicta seditionem, deprædationes, incendia, et homicidia et felonias fecerat, corpus illius Willelmi in quatuor quarteria scindatur et dividatur, et caput sic abscissum assedatur super pontem London, in conspectu tam per terram quam per aquam transeuntium, et unum quarterium suspendatur in gibetto apud Novum Castrum super Tynam, aliud quarterium apud Berewyk, tertium quarterium apud Stryvelyn, et quartum quarterium apud Villam Sancti Johannis, in metum et castigationem omnium prætereuntium et ea conspicientium, & c.
On 23 Aug 1305 William Wallace was hanged, drawn and quartered at the Elms in Smithfield [Map]. His head being displayed on London Bridge [Map].
On 08 Apr 1956 a plaque was unveiled on the wall of St Bartholomew's Hospital near to the site of his execution the text of which reads ...
To the immortal memory of Sir William Wallace Scottish patriot born at Elderslie Renfrewshire circa 1270 A.D. Who from the year 1296 fought dauntlessly in defence of his country's liberty and independence in the face of fearful odds and great hardship being eventually betrayed and captured brought to London and put to death near this spot on the 23rd August 1305.
His example heroism and devotion inspired those who came after him to win victory from defeat and his memory remains for all time a source of pride, honour and inspiration to his Countrymen.
"Dico tibi verum libertas optima rerum nunquam servili sub nexu vivito fili"
Translation: I tell you the truth, son, freedom is the best condition, never live like a slave
"Bas Agus Buaidh" aka Death and Victory, a traditional Scottish battle cry.
Robert "The Bruce" murders John "Red" Comyn
John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation Book 4 Chapter 117. 1305. The same year, after the aforesaid Robert (age 30) had left the king of England (age 65) and returned home, no less miraculously than by God's grace, a day is appointed for him and the aforesaid John (age 36) to meet together at Dumfries [Map]; and both sides repair to the above-named place. John Comyn is twitted with his treachery and belied troth. The lie is at once given. The evil-speaker is stabbed, and wounded unto death, in the church of the Friars [Map]; and the wounded man is, by the friars, laid behind the altar. On being asked by those around whether he could live, straightway his answer is: - "I can." His foes, hearing this, give him another wound; - and thus was he taken away from this world on the 10th of February.
On 10 Feb 1305 John Comyn 3rd Lord Baddenoch (age 36) was murdered by Robert the Bruce (age 30), future King of Scotland, before the High Altar of the Greyfriars Monastery Chapel [Map]. Robert Comyn, John's uncle, was killed by Christopher Seton (age 27). Christopher's brother John Seton (age 27) was also present.
Murder, in a church, in front of the altar, regarded as a terrible crime. The act gave King Edward I of England (age 65) cause to invade Scotland. Robert the Bruce was ex-communicated by the Pope for his actions.
King Edward I of England charged Bishop David de Moravia as being complicit in the murder.
Coronation of Robert the Bruce
On 27 Mar 1306, Palm Sunday, King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland (age 31) was crowned King Scotland at Scone Abbey [Map] by Bishop of St Andrews and Bishop Robert Wishart. Elizabeth Burgh Queen Consort Scotland (age 22) was crowned Queen Consort Scotland. Christopher Seton (deceased) and Bishop David de Moravia were present. He was wearing royal robes and vestments previously hidden from the English by Bishop Robert Wishart.
The following day, 28 Mar 1306, King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland was crowned by Isabella Countess Buchan whose family held the hereditary right to place the crown on the King's head; she had arrived too late for the coronation the day before. The right was held by her brother Duncan Fife 4th Earl Fife (age 18) who was under-age and held by the English so she assumed the right in his place.
Feast of the Swans
On 22 May 1306 the Feast of the Swans was a collective knighting of two hundred and sixty seven men at Westminster Abbey [Map].
At the feast following the knightings two swans were brought in. King Edward I of England (age 66) swore before God and the swans to avenge the death of John Comyn 3rd Lord Baddenoch - see Robert "The Bruce" murders John "Red" Comyn.
King Edward I of England first knighted his son King Edward II of England (age 22).
King Edward II of England then knighted the remaining two-hundred and sixty six including ...
Hugh "Younger" Despencer 1st Baron Despencer (age 20)
Edmund Fitzalan 9th Earl of Arundel (age 21)
John le Blund, Mayor of London
William Brabazon
Roger Mortimer 1st Baron Mortimer of Chirk (age 50)
Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 22) - this may have been the first time Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall and King Edward II of England met?
John Harrington 1st Baron Harington (age 25)
John Maltravers 1st Baron Maltravers (age 16)
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 19)
William Montagu 2nd Baron Montagu (age 31)
John Mowbray 2nd Baron Mowbray (age 19)
Thomas Multon 1st Baron Multon (age 30)
John Warenne 7th Earl of Surrey (age 19)
Battle of Methven
On 19 Jun 1306 the forces of Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 31) including Robert Pierrepont ambushed and routed the Scottish army of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland (age 31) including Simon Fraser, Christopher Seton and John Strathbogie 9th Earl Atholl (age 40) at Methven during the Battle of Methven. John Strathbogie 9th Earl Atholl was captured as well as many others.
Battle of Loch Ryan and the Execution of the Bruce Brothers
On 09 Feb 1307 the Battle of Loch Ryan was a victory of local forces, led by Dungal MacDowall, supporter of King Edward I, over a force consisting of 1000 men and eighteen galleys led by Thomas Bruce (age 23) and Alexander Bruce (age 22), brothers of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland (age 32), supported by Malcolm McQuillan, Lord of Kintyre, and Sir Reginald Crawford. Only two galleys escaped. Malcolm McQuillan was captured an summarily executed.
Thomas Bruce, Alexander Bruce and Reginald Crawford were hanged (possibly hanged, drawn and quartered) at Carlisle, Cumberland [Map].
Battle of Loudon Hill
Scalaronica 1307. [10 May 1307]. Hearing of this, Aymer de Valence marched against him, when the said Robert de Brus encountered the said Aymer de Valence at Loudoun, and defeated him, and pursued him to the castle of Ayr;1 and on the third day [after] the said Robert de Brus defeated Rafe de Monthermer (age 37), who was called Earl of Gloucester because Joan (deceased) the King's daughter and Countess of Gloucester had taken him for husband out of love [for him].
Note 1. Battle of Loudoun Hill, May 1307.
Death of King Edward I
Scalaronica 1307. [07 Jul 1307]. The aforesaid King Edward of England had remained at this same time exceedingly ill at Lanercost, whence he moved for change of air and to await his army which he had summoned to re-enter Scotland. Thus he arrived at Burgh-on-sands,1 and died there in the month of July, in the year of grace 1307, whence he was carried and was solemnly interred at Westminster beside his ancestors after he had reigned 34 years 7 months and 11 days, and in the year of his age 68 years and 20 days.
Note 1. Burch sure le Sabloun.
On 07 Jul 1307 King Edward I of England (age 68) died at Burgh by Sands [Map] whilst on his way north to Scotland. His son King Edward II of England (age 23) succeeded II King England. Earl Chester merged with the Crown.
Edward had gathered around him Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln (age 29), Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick (age 35), Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 32) and Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford (age 33) and charged them with looking after his son in particular ensuring Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 23) didn't return from exile.
Britannia Volume 3. On the spot where Edward I died, the memory of which event was preferved by fome great stones rolled on it, is erected a handsome square pillar nine yards and an half high with this inscription in Roman capitals on the west side:
Memoriæ æternæ Edvardi I. regis Angliæ longè clarissimi , qui in belli apparatu contra Scotos occupatus hic in castris obiit 7 Julii A. 0 . 1307.
On the south, Nobilissimus princeps Henricus Howard dux Norfolciæ comes mareshall. Anglia , comes Arund &c ...... ab Edvardo I. rege Angliæ oriundus. P. 1685.
On the north, Johannes Aglionby I. C. F. C. i. e. juris consultus fieri curavit.
Monument to King Edward I of England at the location [Map] at which he died. By Thomas or John Longstaff for the Duke of Norfolk and John Aglionby. Red sandstone ashlar. Tall square column on moulded plinth, moulded cornice, shaped cap surmounted by cross. Latin inscription on south side to memory of Edward I, who died in his camp at Burgh by Sands, 7 July 1307; east side inscription giving titles of Henry Howard, Duke of Norfolk and date 1685; west side inscription John Aglionby. Also had inscription, Tho Longstaff, Fecit 1685 (Ms 7/3f191, St Edmund Hall, Oxford). Bronze plaque records restoration by the Earl of Lonsdale 1803 (collapsed, March 1795); further restoration of 1876. For full inscription see W. Hutchinson, History of Cumberland, 1794, vol. 2, p504:
Mr. J. Norman, of Kirkandrews, favoured us with the annexed fouth view of King Edward's monument, with the infcriptions, which he took in 1793, which he assures us are very accurate. At that time it leaned much to the west, and on the 4th of March, 1795, it fell down:
South Side: MEMORIÆ ÆTERNÆ EDVARDI I. REGIS ANGLIÆ LONGE CLARISSIMI QVI IN BELLI APPARATV CONTRA SCOTOS OCCVPATVS HlC INI CASTRIS OBIIT 7. IVLII A. D. 1307.
East Side Side: NOBILISSIMVS PRINCEPS HENRIC. HOWARD DVX NORFOLC. COM. MARESCHAL ANGL. COM. ARVNDEL SVRR. NORFOLC. ET NORWIC. BARO HOWARD MOWBREY SEGRAVE BREWS DE GOWER FITSALAN WARREN ESCALES CLVN OSWALDTREE MALTRAVERS FVRNIVAL GRAYSTCH ET HOWARD DE CASTLRISING PRÆNO. ORD. GARTER. MIL. CONSTAB. ET GVBERNATOR REGAL. CASTRI ET HONOR. DE WINDSOR CVSTOS FOREST DE WINDSOR DOM. LOCVMTEN. NORFOLC. SVRR. BERKER. ET CIV. ET COM. CIV. NORWICI OB EDV. I. REGE ANGLIuE ORIVNDVS P. 1685.
West Side. JOHANNES AGLIONBY I. C. F. C.
A singularity which attends the above fact is, that the army must have lain, and the royal tent been pitched, in a most improper place, on marshy ground, on a dead level; when, within a quarter of a mile further fouthward, there was a fine inclining ground, dry and healthy, and not subject to any surprise or attack from superior heights. Any one who has viewed this place, would be inclined to believe a skillful general would not encamp an army on the spot that tradition and this monunnent point out.
Return of Piers Gaveston
On 06 Aug 1307 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 23) was created 1st Earl Cornwall by King Edward II of England (age 23) to the shock of the nobility; Earl Cornwall usually reserved for the heir. The earldom gave Gaveston substantial landholdings over great parts of England, to the value of £4,000 a year. These possessions consisted of most of Cornwall, as well as parts of Devonshire in the south-west, land in Berkshire and Oxfordshire centred on the honour of Wallingford, most of the eastern part of Lincolnshire, and the honour of Knaresborough in Yorkshire, with the territories that belonged to it.
Marriage of Piers Gaveston and Margaret de Clare
Adam Murimuth Continuation. [02 Nov 1307]. Edward of Carnarvon, his son, succeeded him immediately after his death. He recalled Peter of Gaverstone (age 23) from his exile and gave him the county of Cornwall, and he gave him the daughter [Margaret Clare Countess Gloucester] of his sister [Joan of Acre Countess Gloucester and Hertford], namely, the daughter of the Earl of Gloucester, as a wife; and he was ruled by the counsel of this Peter, disregarding the counsel of other nobles, especially those whose counsel his father used above all others.
Cui successit Edwardus de Carnervan, filius suus, statim post mortem ejusdem. Qui revocavit Petrum de Gaverstone ab exilio suo, et dedit sibi comitatum Cornubiæ, et dedit sibi filiam sororis suse, videlicet filiam comitis Gloucestriæ, in uxorem; et ipsius Petri consilio regebatur. spretis consiliis aliorum nobilium, et eorum precipue quorum consilio pater suus pre ceteris utebatur.
On 02 Nov 1307 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 23) and Margaret Clare Countess Gloucester were married. Arranged by King Edward II of England (age 23). Margaret Clare Countess Gloucester grand-daughter of Edward I through his daughter Joan and, as such, significantly higher than Gaveston in the nobility. She the daughter of Gilbert "Red Earl" Clare 7th Earl Gloucester 6th Earl Hertford and Joan of Acre Countess Gloucester and Hertford. She a granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Tournament at Wallingford
On 02 Dec 1307 King Edward II of England (age 23) held a tournament to celebrate Piers Gaveston's (age 23) recent wedding. Gaveston took the opportunity to humiliate the older nobility including John Warenne 7th Earl of Surrey (age 21), Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex (age 31) and Edmund Fitzalan 9th Earl of Arundel (age 22) further increasing his unpopularity.
Marriage of King Edward II and Isabella of France
Adam Murimuth Continuation. 25 Jan 1308. In the year of our Lord one thousand three hundred and seven, in the second year of Pope Clement V, beginning from the feast of Saint Michael, Edward aforementioned of Carnarvon, in the first year of his reign, took Isabella, the daughter of King Philip of France, as his wife at Bologna by the sea on the twenty-second day, on Sunday in Quinquagesima, namely the twenty-fifth day of February,
Anno Domini millesimo CCCmoVIIto,, pape Clementis vti. anno secundo, inchoando a festo sancti Michaelis, Edwardus prædictus de Carnervan, anno regni sui Primo, duxit lsabellam, filiam regis Philippi Franciæ, in uxorem apud Bononiam supra mare XXIJoum, die Dominica in Quinquagesima, scilicet XXVo. die Februarii,....
On 25 Jan 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23) and Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 13) were married at Boulogne sur Mer [Map]. She the daughter of Philip IV King France (age 39) and Joan Blois I Queen Navarre. He the son of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England. They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
Boulogne Agreement
On 31 Jan 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23) and a group of England's leading nobles signed the Boulogne Agreement that attempted to curtail King Edward's rule. The signatories included Antony Bek, Bishop of Durham and Patriarch of Jerusalem (age 63), John Warenne 7th Earl of Surrey (age 21), Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 33), Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury (age 57) and Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick (age 36).
King Edward II and Isabella of France arrive in England
Fine Rolls Edward II. On 07 Feb 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23) and Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 13) returned from their wedding in Boulogne sur Mer [Map] to Dover, Kent [Map].
07 Feb 1308. Be it remembered that on Wednesday after the Purification, Edward II, the king, returning from beyond seas, to wit, from Boulogne sur Mer [Map], where he took to wife Isabel, daughter of the king of France (age 39), touched at Dover, Kent [Map] in his barge about the ninth hour [1500], Hugh le Despenser (age 46) and the lord of Castellione of Gascony being in his company, and the Queen a little afterward touched there with certain ladies accompanying her, and because the great seal which had been taken with him beyond seas then remained in the keeping of the keeper of the wardrobe who could not arrive on that day, no writ was sealed from the hour of the king's coming until Friday following on which day the bishop of Chichester, chancellor, about the ninth hour [1500] delivered to the king in his chamber in Dover castle [Map] the seal used in England during the king's absence, and the king, receiving the same, delivered it to William de Melton (age 33), controller of the wardrobe, and forthwith delivered with his own hand to the chancellor the great seal under the seal of J. de Benstede, keeper of the wardrobe, and Master John Painter Fraunceis, in the presence of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster (age 30), Peter, Earl of Cornwall (age 24), and Hugh le Despenser, William Martyn and William Inge, knights, and Adam de Osgodby, clerk; and the chancellor on that day after lunch in his room (hospicio) in God's House, Dover, sealed writs with the great seal.
Close Rolls Edward II 1307-1313. 09 Feb 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23). Dover, Kent [Map]. To Alice, late wife of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and Marshall of England. Order to meet the king at Dover, Kent [Map] on his return from France with his consort about Sunday next after the Feast of the Purification of St Mary. Witnessed by Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 24).
The like to:
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford and Essex (age 25).
Henry de Lancastre (age 27).
Robert de Monte Alto.
Almaric de Sancto Amando[Ibid].
To R Archbishop of Canterbury (age 63). Order to attend the king's coronaion on Sunday next after the feast of St Valentine [14 Feb] at Westminster [Map], to execute what pertains to his office.
To the Sheriff of Surrey. Order to proclaim in market towns, etc., that no knight, esquire, or other shall, under pain of forfeiture, pressure to tourney or make jousts or bordices (torneare, justos seu burdseicas facere), or otherwise go armed at Croydon, Surrey [Map] or elsewhere before the king's coronation.
Coronation of Edward II and Isabella
In 1308 Henry Tregoz 1st Baron Tregoz (age 58) and his wife were summoned to the Coronation of Edward II and Isabella.
Close Rolls Edward II 1307-1313. 08 Feb 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23). Dover, Kent [Map]. To William Leybourne. Order to attend the king's coronation with his wife on Sunday next after the feast of St Valentine.
The like to seventy others in various counties.
Adam Murimuth Continuation. 25 Feb 1308 ... both he and the queen were crowned by the Bishop of Winchester, Henry, by the commission of Lord Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury. And present at the said coronation were Charles (age 13), the brother of the queen (age 13), who later became King of France, Duke of Brittany, Henry (age 33), Count of Luxembourg, who later became Emperor, and Peter de Gavestone (age 24), who nobly appeared, surpassing all, incurred the envy and hatred of all. Also, Louis (age 31), the brother of the King of France (age 39), was there.
... tam ipse quam ipsa regina fuerunt coronati per episcopum Wyntoniensem Henricum, ex commissione domini Roberti archiepiscopi Cantuariensis. Et dicte coronationi interfuerunt Karolus, frater regine, qui postea fuit rex Francie, dux Britanniæ, Henricus comes Luceburgiæ, qui postea fuit imperator, et Petrus de Gavestone, qui nobiliter apparuit omnes transcendens, invidiam et odium omnium incurrebat. Item, Lodowycus, frater regis Francis, fuit ibidem
On 25 Feb 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23) was crowned II King England at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Henry Woodlock, Bishop of Winchester. Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 13) was crowned Queen Consort England.
Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 24) carried the Royal Crown.
William Marshal 1st Baron Marshal (age 30) carried the Gilt Spurs.
Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex (age 32) carried the Royal Sceptre.
Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster (age 27) carried the Royal Rod.
Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln (age 30) carried the sword Curtana.
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 20) carried the table bearing the Royal Robes.
Thomas Grey (age 28) and Robert Fitzwalter 1st Baron Fitzwalter (age 61) attended.
de Clare and de Burgh Double Marriage
On 29 Sep 1308 (possibly 30th) in a Siblings Marriage de Clare siblings married de Burgh siblings at Waltham Abbey, Essex [Map] in the presence of King Edward II of England (age 24).
John Burgh (age 22) and Elizabeth Clare Lady Verdun (age 13) were married. She the daughter of Gilbert "Red Earl" Clare 7th Earl Gloucester 6th Earl Hertford and Joan of Acre Countess Gloucester and Hertford. He the son of Richard "Red Earl" Burgh 2nd Earl Ulster (age 49) and Margaret Burgh Countess Ulster. She a granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl Gloucester 7th Earl Hertford (age 17) and Matilda Burgh Countess Gloucester and Hertford (age 20) were married. She by marriage Countess Gloucester, Countess Hertford. She the daughter of Richard "Red Earl" Burgh 2nd Earl Ulster and Margaret Burgh Countess Ulster. He the son of Gilbert "Red Earl" Clare 7th Earl Gloucester 6th Earl Hertford and Joan of Acre Countess Gloucester and Hertford. He a grandson of King Edward I of England.