1320-1329 Despencer War is in 14th Century Events.
On 6th April 1320 fifty-one Scottish magnates signed a letter to Pope John XII [age 76] declaring Scotland to be an independent sovereign state. The signatories included Malcolm Lennox 2nd Earl Lennox.
In 1321 Hugh "Elder" Despencer 1st Earl Winchester [age 59] and his son Hugh "Younger" Despencer 1st Baron Despencer [age 35] were exiled.
On 3rd January 1322 Philip V King France I King Navarre [age 29] died. His brother Charles [age 27] succeeded IV King France: Capet, I King Navarre although his niece was by right successor to the Kingdom of Navarre.
On 14th April 1322 Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere [age 46] was tried by Henry Cobham 1st Baron Cobham [age 62] at Canterbury, Kent [Map].
Sentenced to death Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere was drawn for three miles behind a horse to Blean, Canterbury, where he held property, where he was beheaded. His head was displayed on the Burgh Gate, Canterbury and the rest of his body left hanging at Blean, Canterbury. He was buried at Whitefriars. His nephew Henry Burghesh's [age 30] lands were also seized. These were restored around 1326.
Sempringham Continuation. A.D. 1322, on the tenth day sir Bartholomew of Badlesmere [age 46] was captured in a small wood near Brickden1, and taken by the earl of Mar to Canterbury, and there he was drawn, beheaded, and hanged [14th April 1322]. And sir Bartholomew de Burghersh, who had married his sister [Maud Badlesmere Baroness Burghesh] was also drawn and hanged there1.
Note 1. Possibly near the Bishop of Lincoln's Palace, Buckden [Map].
Note 2. The Chronicler here is confused. Robert Burghesh 1st Baron Burghesh, who had married Bartholomew's sister Maud Badlesmere Baroness Burghesh, died in 1306?
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. James Duglas, and Thomas Randol Capitaines of the Scottes seyng this, made a greate Rode into Northumbreland, and destroiyng the Contery aboute went forth to Northalreton, and brent it. And King Edward seyng this, reysid his Host beyond Trent, and they encounterid with the Scottes at Beighlande Abbaye xv Dayes after Michelmes1, and there were the Englisch menne discumfited. And there John of Bretayne [age 56] Erle of Richemont, Ennemy to Thomas Lancastre, was taken Prisoner, and after delyverid for a great Raunsom went yn to Fraunce, and never returnid in to England agayn.
Note 1. The Battle of Old Byland was fought on the 14th October 1322.
Sempringham Continuation. In the month of October next following, sir Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, pursued the king of England as far as to Blackmoor, and on 21st October 1322 the army of the king of England was defeated by the Scots near the town of Coxwold, and the earl of Richmond [age 56] was taken prisoner by the Scotch, and sir John Darcy, and many other knights and esquires, and others of the ranks, fled to York, and the Scotch burnt all the country and laid it waste as far as York, and came over the Wolds to Malton and all round, and they plundered all the country.
On 25th February 1323 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle [age 53] was arrested at Carlisle Castle [Map] by Anthony Lucy 1st Baron Lucy [age 40].
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 3rd March 1323 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle [age 53] was arraigned before a royal justice in Carlisle. He was hanged, drawn and quartered at Carlisle, Cumberland [Map] for having negotiated a truce with the Scots without the King's sanction. It recognised Scotland as an independent kingdom. King Edward considered the treaty to be an act treason. Earl Carlisle forfeit. After his death, his head was taken to the king at Knaresborough in Yorkshire, before it was hung up on London Bridge. The four parts of his body were dispersed around the country, and displayed in Carlisle, Newcastle, Bristol, and Dover. Less than three months after Harclay's execution, King Edward agreed on a thirteen-year truce with Scotland.
Heraldry in England. But Heraldry not only formed a convenient mode of bestowing eagerly-sought rewards for meritorious services, but occasionally a terribly severe means of chastising those who failed to uphold the honour and dignity of distinctions already conferred. Take, for instance, the following:
"Andrew de Harcla [age 52], a knight, and Earl of Carlisle, was in this sort degraded. He, being apprehended, was by the King's commandment brought [on 3rd March 1322] before Sir Antony Lucy [age 39], apparelled in all the robes of his estate as an earl and a knight, and so led unto the place of judgment. Being thither come, Sir Antony Lucy said to him these words, 'First, thou shalt lose the order of knighthood, by which thou hadst all thy honour ; and further, all worship upon thy body be brought to nought.' Those words being pronounced, Sir Antony Lucy commanded a knave to hew the knight's spurs from his heels, and after caused his sword to be broken over his head. That done, he was despoiled of his furred tabard, of his hood, of his furred coats, and of his girdle. Then Sir Antony said to him these words, 'Andrew, now thou art no knight, but a knave, and for thy treason the king doth will thou shalt be hanged.'"
Sempringham Continuation. And the same year, in the month of February, sir Andrew [age 53] rebelled against the king; but in the beginning of the March next following the said sir Andrew was taken by sir Anthony de Lucy in the castle of Carlisle, and by the commandment of the king he was drawn, hanged, beheaded, and quartered1, and the quarters were hung in different places in England.
Note 1. Andrew Harclay was executed on 3rd March 1323.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. Straite apon this was Syr Andrew Erle of Cairluel attayntid for Conspiracy with James Duglas the Scotte, whereby the Englisch men for lak of Harkeley ready help, wer vanquisshid yn Batel at the Abbay of Beighlande, and jugid be fore Syr Arcelyne Lufcy, the Kinges Commissioner, to be hangid, drawen, and quarterid at Cairluel, as Thomas of Lancastre prophetied of hym. And this was doone the laste day of Octobre yn the Yere a 1322. and this Day the Sunne chaungid in the Morning to blody Color, and so endurid to a xi of the Clok.
On 25th January 1327 King Edward II of England [age 42] abdicated King of England. His son Edward [age 14] succeeded III King of England.
On 16th November 1326 King Edward II of England [age 42] was captured at Pant y Brâd, Llantrisant. He was imprisoned at Llantrisant Castle, Glamorganshire [Map]. Thereafter he was taken to Kenilworth Castle [Map], then Berkeley Castle [Map]. With him at the time of his capture were Hugh "Younger" Despencer 1st Baron Despencer [age 40], Robert Holden, controller of his wardrobe; Robert Baldock, chancellor of England; two knights, one sergeant-at-arms, one valet and one clerk.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. On the next day [25th January 1327], the same envoys, through the hands of Sir William Trussell,1 renounced, on behalf of the whole kingdom, the homage and allegiance previously sworn to Lord Edward of Caernarfon, lately king. And Sir Thomas de Blount, steward of the royal household, broke his staff of office, symbolizing the dissolution of the royal household. After this, the envoys returned to Parliament in London and reported the king's response, fully and, in fact, more fully than what had truly been said. The resignation, once reported, was gladly accepted by the community of the realm, always disdainful of the old and eager for the new. They promptly raised the king's eldest son, Lord Edward, a youth of good character and eleven years of age, as their new king, as will be told in more detail below. His youthfulness pleased some all the more, for they hoped that under such a gentle shepherd, they might guide the flock of the kingdom according to their own desires. As for the queen, Lady Isabella of Caernarfon, she was granted such a large and generous dower that scarcely a third of what pertained to the royal crown remained for her son the new king and Queen Philippa. To Lord Edward of Caernarfon, committed to the custody of the Earl of Leicester, Queen Isabella, the Bishop of Hereford, and Roger de Mortimer assigned one hundred marks per month for his maintenance, to be drawn from the royal treasury.
In crastino iidem nuncii homagia et ligiamenta domino Edwardo de Karnarvan nuper regi, per manus Willelmi Trossel militis, ex parte tocius regni refuderunt, et Thomas de Blount miles, regalis ospicii senescallus, fraccione virge, suum officium designantis, regiam familiam nunciavit esse licenciatam. Post hec ad parliamentum Londoniis reversi, responsionem regis plene, immo plenius quam facta fuit, retulerunt. Factam resignacionem communitas regni, veterum fastidiatrix, novorum semper appetitrix, gratanter admittens, suum primogenitum dominum Edwardum, bone indolis, undecim annorum, promptissime erexit, ut infra plenius dicetur; cuius puericia quibusdam eo plus cessit ad votum, quo sub tam molli pastore sperabant gregem regni suis libitis minare. Regine quoque, domine scilicet Isabelle de Cayrnarvan, fuit talis ac tanta dos assignata, quod regi filio suo et regine Philippe vix remansit tercia pars regie corone pertinencium. Domino vero Edwardo de Cayrnarvan, comitis Leicestrie deputato custodie, centum marcas pro mense expendendas ordinaverunt regina et episcopus Herefordensis et Rogerus de Mortuo mari, de fisco regali tribuendas.
Note 1. The form of renunciation spoken by sir William Trussell is given in Annales Paulini 324.
It is also given by Knighton 2550, and copied thence in Rymer's Fœdera 2.650. A Latin version is found in Gesta Edward de Carnarvon Auctore Bridlington, 90. The date of these proceedings is the 20th January. The commission reported back to parliament four days after.
According to the Brute chronicle (Harley MS. 2279), renunciation of homage was formally made, on the 25th January 1327 by John Hotham, bishop of Ely, for the clergy; by John Plantagenet, earl of Surrey (styling himself earl Warren), for the earls; by Henry, lord Percy, for the barons; and by sir William Trussell for the knights: "And sire William Trussell seide these wordes: 'Sir Edwarde, for encheson that ye have trayede youre peple of Engelonde and have undone meny grete lordes of Engelonde withoute eny cause, but now ye bene withstonde, thankid be God, and also for encheson that ye wolde noughte come to the parlement as ye ordeyned atte Westmynstre, as in youre owne lettere patent is conteynede, for to trete with youre liege men as a kyng shulde, and therfor, thurgh alle the comon assente of alle the lordes of Engelonde, I telle unto yow these wordes: Ye shulleth understande, sire, that the barouns of Engelonde, atte one assente, will that ye be no more kyng of Engelonde, but oneliche have putte yow oute of youre realte for evermore.' And the bisshop of Ely seide tho to the kyng: 'Sir Edward, here y yelde up feaute and homage for alle the erchebisshopes and bisshopes of Engelonde and for alle the clergie.' Tho seide sir John, erle of Garrenne: 'Sir Edward, I yelde up here unto yow feaute and homage, for me and for alle the erles of Engelonde.' And sir Henrie the Percie yaf up also ther his homage for him and for alle the barouns of Engelonde. And tho seide sir William Trusselle: 'I yelde up now, sir, unto yow myn homage, for me and also for alle the knyghtes of Engelonde, and for hem that holden by sergeantrye or by eny other maner thing of yow, so that fro this day afterward ye shulle noughte be claymede for kyng, neyther for kyng ben holde, but fro this tyme afterwarde ye shul ben holde a singuler man of alle the peple.' And so thei wente thens unto London, ther that the lordes of Engelonde hem abode; and sir Edward abode in prison under good kepyng. And that was the day of Conversion of seint [Paule]."
On 3rd April 1327 Thomas Berkeley 8th and 3rd Baron Berkeley [age 31] and John Maltravers 1st Baron Maltravers [age 37] were made keepers of King Edward II of England [age 42].
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Rymer's Fœdera Volume 2. One hundred shillings per day are granted for the expenses of the household of Edward, the late King of England.
The King, to his beloved Matthew de Cranthorn, receiver of the issues of our land of Glamorgan, greeting.
We command you that, from the aforesaid issues, you pay one hundred shillings per day to our beloved and faithful Thomas de Berkeley and John Mautravers [age 37], or to either of them, for the expenses of the household of Lord Edward, late King of England, our father, from the fourth day of April last past, and from now on, for so long as it shall happen that the said Thomas and John shall attend upon our said father.
And we will cause you to have due allowance thereof in your account at our Exchequer.
Witness the King at Stamford, on the 24th day of April [1327].
By writ of the privy seal.
Centum solidi per diem conceduntur, pro expensis hospitii Edwardi, nuper Regis Angliæ
Rex, dilecto sibi Matheo de Cranthorn, receptori exituum de terrâ nostrâ de Gloumorgan, salutem.
Mandamus vobis quòd de exitibus prædictis, centum solidos per diem, dilecto & fidelibus nostris Thomæ de Berkele, & Johanni Maltravers, vel eorum alteri, pro expensis hospitii domini E. nuper Regis Angliæ, patris nostri, à quarto die Aprilis proximò præterito, & exnunc, quamdiu ipsos Thomam & Johannem, dicto patri nostro intendere contigerit, solvatis.
Et nos vobis indè, in compoto vestro, ad scaccarium nostrum, debitam allocationem habere faciemus.
Teste Rege, apud Staunford, xxiv. die Aprilis.
Per breve de privato sigillo.
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Close Rolls Edward III 1327. 24th April 1327. Stamford. To Matthew de Crauthorn, receiver of the issues of the land of Gloumorgan. Order to pay 100s, a day out of the said issues to Thomas de Berkele [age 31] and John Maltravers [age 37] for the expenses of the late king's household from 4 April last, for so long as Thomas and John shall intend the late king. By p.s. [669.] [Rymer's Fœdera 2.704.]
Before 15th June 1327 the Weardale Campaign commenced with the Scottish army crossed the border into England after truce negotiations had broken down. One army crossed in the west, one in the east.
On 24th January 1328 King Edward III of England [age 15] and Philippa of Hainault [age 17] were married at York Minster [Map] by Archbishop William Melton [age 53]. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She was crowned the same day. She the daughter of William of Avesnes I Count Hainaut III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland [age 42] and Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainaut [age 34]. He the son of King Edward II of England and Isabella of France Queen Consort England [age 33]. They were second cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Stephen I England.
The marriage was the quid pro quo for her father William of Avesnes I Count Hainaut III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland having supported his mother Isabella of France Queen Consort England and Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March [age 40] returning to England to usurp the throne of Edward's father King Edward II of England.
Rymer's Fœdera Volume 2. Bull of Pope John XX, concerning the dispensation for the marriage between the King and Philippa, daughter of the Count of Holland.
John, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his dearest son in Christ, Edward, illustrious King of England, and to his beloved daughter in Christ, the noble lady Philippa, daughter of our beloved son, the noble man William, Count of Hainault, greeting and apostolic blessing. Although among those who are connected by the bond of consanguinity the constitutions of the sacred canons forbid the bond of matrimony, nevertheless the Supreme Pontiff, by the fullness of power which he possesses not from man but from God, considering the quality of persons and of times, foreseeing what is more useful, sometimes tempers their rigour, especially in regard to exalted persons, with mildness, and what the severity of law denies, he grants by the grace of benignity, when he sees that it is fitting before God, and particularly expedient for the public good. Truly, from the petition presented to us on your behalf, most beloved son, and of our most beloved daughter in Christ, Isabella, illustrious Queen of England, your mother, and of our beloved son, the noble man William, Count of Hainault, father of the said Philippa, we have learned that recently, with due deliberation held, and with the counsel and assent of many prelates and nobles of the realm of England, there has been held a treaty, and moreover, under the hope of obtaining dispensation, so far as in you and them lay, it has been ordained that a marriage be contracted between you, aforesaid son, and you, aforesaid Philippa. But because you are joined in the third degree of consanguinity, you cannot contract the said marriage without obtaining an apostolic dispensation. Wherefore it has been humbly supplicated of us, on your behalf, and on that of the aforesaid Queen and Count, that since the stability and strength of the said realm will be regarded in such a contract (if it be made), we should be pleased to provide for you herein by the benefit of suitable dispensation. We therefore, who with singular goodwill desire the prosperous and peaceful estate of you, aforesaid son, and of your realm, and for the strength of you and your realm, and the public good which we hope, by God's help, may result therefrom, being inclined to the supplications of the said Queen and Count, as well as of you both, by apostolic authority and of our special grace, do dispense with you, that notwithstanding the impediment arising in any way from the said consanguinity, you may freely contract such marriage together, declaring the offspring to be begotten of such marriage legitimate. Therefore let no man whatever infringe this page of our dispensation and declaration, or rashly dare to oppose it. But if anyone shall presume to attempt this, let him know that he will incur the indignation of Almighty God, and of His blessed Apostles Peter and Paul. Given at Avignon, on the third day before the Kalends of September [30th August 1327], in the eleventh year of our pontificate. On the fold: John of Florence. Under silken threads of yellow and red color.
Bulla Johannis XX Papæ, de dispensatione super matrimonio inter Regem & Philippam comitis Hollandiæ filiam.
Johannes, episcopus, servus servorum DEI, charissimo in CHRISTO filio, Edvardo, Regi Angliæ illustri, & dilectæ in CHRISTO filiæ, nobili mulieri, Philippæ, natæ dilecti filii nobilis viri, Guillielmi comitis Hanoniæ, salutem & apostolicam benedictionem. Etsi inter illos qui consanguinitatis lineâ invicem sunt connexi, sacrorum canonum instituta matrimonialem copulam interdicant, summus tamen Pontifex, ex plenitudine potestatis quam non ab homine obtinet, sed à DEO, consideratâ personarum & temporum qualitate, utiliora prospiciens, nonnunquam rigorem eorum, maximè circa sublimes personas, mansuetudine temperat, & quod negat juris severitas, de gratiâ benignitatis indulget, cum id secundum DEUM, præsertim pro bono publico, prospicit expedire. Sanè, ex tuâ, fili carissime, & carissimæ in CHRISTO filiæ nostræ, Isabellis, Reginæ Angliæ illustris, matris tuæ, & dilecti filii, nobilis viri Guillielmi comitis Hanon', patris tui, filia Philippa, transmissâ nobis petitione percepimus, quòd nuper, providâ deliberatione præhabitâ, de multorum prælatorum ac nobilium regni Angliæ consilio & assensu, habitus fuit tractatus; & etiam, sub spe dispensationis obtinendæ, quantum in vobis & illis fuit, extitit ordinatum ut inter te, præfate fili, & te, præfata Philippa, matrimonium contrahatur. Verùm quia tertio estis consanguinitatis gradu conjuncti, dictum matrimonium contrahere non potestis, dispensatione super hoc apostolicâ non obtentâ. Quare nobis, pro parte vestrâ, & Reginæ, & comitis, prædictorum, fuit humiliter supplicatum ut, cùm contractus hujusmodi (si fiat) robur & stabilimentum præfati regni respiciat, providere vobis, super hoc, de oportunæ dispensationis beneficio dignaremur. Nos itaque, qui tuum, præfate fili, & regni tui statum prosperum & tranquillum, præcipuâ benivolentiâ, affectamus, pro tuo, & regni tui, robore, ac bono publico, quod exindè speramus, annuente Domino, provenire, tam eorumdem, Reginæ & comitis, quam utriusque vestrûm, supplicationibus inclinati, vobiscum ut, impedimento, quod ex dictâ consanguinitate provenit, aliquatenus non obstante, hujusmodi matrimonium invicem contrahere liberè valeatis, auctoritate apostolicâ, de speciali gratiâ, dispensamus; prolem, suspiciendam ex hujusmodi matrimonio, legitimam nunciantes. Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat hanc paginam nostræ dispensationis & nunciationis infringere, vel ei ausu temerario contraire; siquis autem hoc attemptare præsumpserit, indignationem Omnipotentis DEI, & Beatorum, Petri & Pauli, Apostolorum ejus, se noverit incursurum. Dat' Avinion', tertio kal' Septembris, pontificatus nostri anno undecimo. Super plicam, Jo' de Flor', Sub filis sericis, flavi rubeique coloris.
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When she was prepared, she was married by virtue of a duly executed proxy1, which had been brought to her on behalf of the King of England. She was then set upon the road to be led into England, to London, to her husband, who awaited her there in order to crown her. The noble knight John of Hainault, her uncle, escorted her as far as London, where he was received, feasted, and greatly honored by the king, by my lady the queen his mother, by all the ladies, and by all the barons of England. If there was at London at that time great festivity and high nobility of lords: dukes, earls, barons, knights, high-born ladies, maidens, with rich attire and splendid garments, with jousts and tourneys held for their love, with dancing, caroling, games, and fine banquets given each day, there is no need to ask; whoever knows what befits nobility may well imagine it. That celebration lasted fully seven weeks before the said Sir John departed.
Quant appareillie fu, elle fut espousée par la vertu d'une procuration! souffisaument faitte, qui luy fut aportée de par le roy d'Angleterre, et puis fut mise à la voye pour mener en Angleterre, à Londres, par devers son mary qui là l'attendoit pour la couronner. Jusques à Londres la conduisi le gentil chevalier messire Jehan de Haynau, son oncle, qui trés grandement fust rechut, festié et honnouré du roy, de madame la royne sa mere, de loutes les dames et de tous les barons d'Angleterre. S'il eust adoncques à Londres grande feste et grande noblesse de seigneurs, de ducs, de contes, de barons, de chevaliers, de haultes dames, de puchelles, de riches atours, de riches paremens, de jouster, de bouhourder pour l'amour d'elles, de danser, de caroller, de jeus, de beaulx mengiers chaseun jour donner, ce ne fait pas à demander; chascun qui scet que à noblesse affiert, le doibt bien penser. Et dura bien celle feste par l'espace de mm septmaines, ainchoys que ledit messire Jehan se partist.
Note 1. The letters by which Edward II of England granted authority to the Bishop of Coventry to betroth, in his name, Philippa of Hainault are dated 8th October 1327. On the 6th, he had granted a safe-conduct to William I, Count of Hainaut, her father, to come to England, no doubt concerning this marriage. (Rymer, Fœdera, vol. II, second part, p. 718.)
1. Les lettres par lesquelles Édouard II donna pouvoir à l'évêque de Coventry de fiancer en son nom Philippe de Hainaut sont du 8 octobre 1327. Le 6, il avait donné un saufconduit à Guillaume de Hainaut, son père, pour venir en Angleterre, sans doute an sujet de ce mariage. (Rymer, Fœdera, t. Il, IIe partie, p. 718.)
Note 2. The marriage of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault took place on the eve of the Conversion of Saint Paul [24th January 1328], but the queen's coronation did not occur until 1330, on Quadragesima Sunday (25 February). (Thomas Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, vol. I, p. 192.)
2. Le mariage d'Édouard III et de Philippe de Hainaut eut lieu la veille de la conversion de saint Paul (24 janvier 1328), mais le couronnement de la reine ne se fit qu'en 1330, le dimanche de la Quadragésime (25 février). (Th. Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, t. 1, p. 192.)
Note 3. A safe-conduct, valid until the Feast of the Purification 1328 [2nd February], had already been granted on 28 November 1327 to William I, Count of Hainaut and to his daughter Philippa of Hainault. (Rymer, Fœdera, vol. II, second part, p. 724.)
3. Un sauf-conduit, valable jusqu'à la fête de la Purification 1328 (2 février), avait été accordé dès le 28 novembre 1328 à Guillaume de Hainaut et à sa fille. (Rymer, Fœdera, t. II, IIe partie, p. 724.)
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Rymer's Fœdera Volume 2. Of the safe-conduct for the Count of Holland and his daughter Philippa.
The King, to the sheriffs, bailiffs, officials, and all his faithful subjects, both within liberties and without, to whom, etc., greeting.
Whereas we are sending our beloved and faithful servants Bartholomew de Burghersh [age 40], constable of our castle of Dover, and William de Clinton [age 23], to conduct the noble man William, Count of Hainault and Zealand, and the noble maiden Philippa, his daughter, who are about to come shortly into our realm, and to lead them, together with the nobles and others of their company, to us, as has been more fully enjoined upon them by us:
We command you, and each of you, firmly enjoining that, together with the aforesaid Bartholomew and William, you meet the aforesaid Count and maiden and their household whenever and whenever you shall have been forewarned by the said Bartholomew and William, or by either of them;
And that you treat the said Count and maiden and their household honourably when they pass through the districts of your jurisdictions, and, so far as lies within you, cause them to be so treated by others; and that you be attentive, advising and assisting the said Bartholomew and William in the premises, as they shall make known to you on our behalf.
In witness whereof, etc.
To endure until the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary next ensuing.
Witness the King, at Clipstone, on the 28th day of November [1327].
By the King himself.
De conductu pro comite Hollandiæ & Philippa, filiâ suâ.
REX, vicecomitibus, ballivis, ministris, & omnibus fidelibus suis, tam infra libertates quam extra, ad quos, &c. salutem.
Cùm mittamus dilectos & fideles nostros, Bartholomæum de Burghersh, constabularium castri nostri Dovorr', & Willielmum de Clynton, ad conducendum nobilem virum Willielmum Hanoniæ & Selandiæ comitem, & nobilem domicellam Philippam, filiam suam, qui infra regnum nostrum in proximò sunt venturi, & ipsos, unà cum nobilibus & aliis, in comitivâ suâ, ad nos ducendum, prout eis per nos pleniùs est injunctum;
Vobis, & cuilibet vestrum, mandamus, firmiter injungentes, quòd, unà cum præfatis Bartholomæo & Willielmo, præfatis comiti & domicellæ, ac eorum familiaribus, occurratis, quotiens & quando per ipsos, Bartholomæum & Willielmum, vel eorum alterum, fueritis præmuniti:
Ipsosque, comitem & domicellam, ac familiares suos, cum per locorum vestrorum districtus transierint, honorificè pertractetis, & quantum in vobis est, ab aliis pertractari faciatis; eisdemque Bartholomeo & Willielmo, in præmissis, sitis intendentes, consulentes, & auxiliantes, prout vobis scire facient ex parte nostrâ.
In cujus, &c. usque ad festum Purificationis Beatæ Mariæ Virginis proximò futurum, duraturas.
Teste Rege, apud Clypston, xxviii. die Novembris.
Per ipsum Regem.
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Lanercost Chronicle. Around Christmas, the aforesaid Lord John, brother of the Count of Hainault, returned to England and brought with him the count's daughter Philippa. Soon afterward, the King of England married her at York with great splendour, namely on the Sunday that was the eve [24th January 1328] of the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul the Apostle.
Chronicle of Jean le Bel. When she was duly prepared, she was married by virtue of a sufficiently executed proxy1, which was brought to her on behalf of the King of England; and then she was set on her way to be taken into England, to London, to her husband, who was waiting for her there in order to crown her2. As far as London she was escorted by the noble knight Sir John of Hainault, her uncle3, who was very greatly received, feasted, and honoured by the king, by my lady the queen his mother, by all the ladies, and by all the barons of England.
Note 1. The letters by which Edward II gave power to the bishop of Coventry to betroth, in his name, Philippa of Hainault are dated 8 October 1327. On the 6th he had granted a safe-conduct to William of Hainault, her father, to come to England, no doubt on the subject of this marriage. (Rymer, Foedera, vol. II, part II, p. 718.)
Note 2. The marriage of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault took place on the eve of the Conversion of Saint Paul (24 January 1328), but the coronation of the queen did not take place until 1330, on the Sunday of Quadragesima (25 February). (Thomas Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, vol. 1, p. 192.)
Note 3. A safe-conduct, valid until the feast of the Purification in 1328 (2 February), had already been granted on 28 November 1327 to William of Hainault and to his daughter. (Rymer, Fœdera, vol. II, part I, p. 724.)
Quant appareillie fu, elle fut espousée par la vertu d’une procuration1 souffisaument faitte, qui luy fut aportée de par le roy d'Angleterre, et puis fut mise à la voye pour mener en Angleterre, à Londres, par devers son mary qui là l’attendoit pour la couronner2. Jusques à Londres la conduisi le gentil chevalier messire Jehan de Haynau, son oncle3, qui trés grandement fust rechut, festié et honnouré du roy, de madame la royne sa mere, de loutes les dames et de tous les barons d'Angleterre.
Note 1. Les lettres par lesquelles Édouard II donna pouvoir à l'évêque de Coventry de fiancer en son nom Philippe de Hainaut sont du 8 octobre 1327. Le 6, il avait donné un saufconduit à Guillaume de Hainaut, son père, pour venir en Angleterre, sans doute an sujet de ce mariage. (Rymer, Fœdera, t. Il, IIe partie, p. 718.)
Note 2. Le mariage d'Édouard IIII et de Philippe de Hainaut eut lieu la veille de la conversion de saint Paul (24 janvier 1328), mais le couronnement de la reine ne se fit qu'en 1330, le dimanche de la Quadragésime (25 février). (Th. Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, t. 1, p. 192.)
Note 3. Un sauf-conduit, valable jusqu'à la fête de la Purification 1328 (2 février), avait été accordé dès le 28 novembre 1328 à Guillaume de Hainaut et à sa fille. (Rymer, Fœdera, t. U, I partie, p. 724.)
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Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. That same year, on the Feast of the Conversion of St Paul [25th January 1328], Edward III married Philippa, daughter of the Count of Hainault1.
Hoc anno, in festo Conversionis Sancti Pauli, Edwardus tertius duxit in uxorem Philippam comitis Hanoniæ filiam.
Note 1. Philippa, third daughter of William Count of Hainault, and niece of the French king. The parties being within the forbidden degrees of consanguinity, being second cousins, a dispensation was granted by Pope John, dated at Avignon on the 30th of August, 1327, Rymer, Fœdera, 2.714.
After which, Roger, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, was made proctor, with full powers to contract the marriage, by letters-patent given at Nottingham on the 8th of October. Rymer, Fœdera, 2.718.
Froissart Book 1: 1307-1340. 38. Thus was that campaign undertaken by King Edward in the first year of his reign against the Scots, which was so great and so harsh, as you have heard. Not long afterward, the king, my lady his mother, the Earl of Kent, the Earl Henry of Lancaster, Sir Roger Mortimer, and the other barons of England who had remained as part of the king's council to aid and advise him in governing, came to an agreement and decided it was time to arrange his marriage. So they sent an embassy, a bishop, two knight-bannerets, and two worthy clerks to Sir John of Hainault, to ask him to help and advise in arranging a marriage for the young king, their lord. They asked that he be the one to negotiate, so that his brother, the Count of Hainault and Holland, might be persuaded to send one of his daughters, for she would be more welcome than any other, for the love they bore to him. The Lord of Beaumont [John of Hainault] received and honoured these envoys and commissioners from the English king with all the hospitality he could offer, for he knew well how to do so. After feasting and welcoming them well, he brought them to Valenciennes, to his brother, who received them with great honor and hosted them so splendidly that it would be too long to recount all the details.
38. Ensi fu celle chevaucie departie, que li rois Edowars, le premier an de se creation, fist contre les Escos, li quèle fu si grande et si dure que vous avés oy. Ne demora mies gramment de temps apriès, que cilz rois, ma dame se mère, li contes de Kent, li contes Henris de Lancastre, messires Rogiers de Mortemer et li aultre baron d'Engleterre, qui estoient demoret dou conseil le roy, pour lui aidier à conseillier et gouvrener, eurent avis et conseil de lui marier. Si envoiièrent un evesque, deus chevaliers banerès et deus bons clers à monsigneur Jehan de Haynau, pour lui priier qu'il vosist aidier et mettre conseil à che que li jones rois, leurs sires, fust mariés, et qu'il vosist boins moiiens estre, par quoi messires, ses frères, li contes de Haynau et de Hollandes, li volsist envoiier une de ses filles, car il l'aroit plus chière que nulle aultre, pour l'amour de lui. Li sires de Byaumont festia et honnoura ces messagiers et commissaires de par le roy englès, quanques il pot, car bien le savoit faire. Quant bien festiiés les eut, il les amena à Valenchiènes par devers son frère, qui moult honnourablement les rechut ossi, et les festia si souverainnement bien que longe cose seroit à raconter.
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On 1st February 1328 Charles IV King France I King Navarre [age 33] died. On 1st April 1328 His first cousin Philip [age 34] succeeded VI King France: Capet Valois. The succession somewhat complicated by Charles' wife Blanche of Burgundy Queen Consort France being pregnant. The child Blanche Capet was born two months later on 1st April 1328. A girl child therefore excluded from the succession confirming Philip's as King. Charles the last of the House of Capet. Philip the first of the House of Valois. His niece Joan [age 16] succeeded II Queen Navarre. Her husband Philip "Noble" III King Navarre [age 21] by marriage III King Navarre.
By this second wife of Luxembourg, who was very humble and most virtuous, the king had a son who died very young; and soon afterward the mother1 also died, at Issoudun in Berry. Both died under somewhat suspicious circumstances, and certain people were afterward secretly accused in connection with it. Afterward King Charles was married a third time, to the daughter of his uncle by remarriage, daughter of the Count of Évreux and sister to the King of Navarre. It then happened that this lady was pregnant when the king fell ill and lay upon his deathbed. When he perceived that he must die, he declared that, if it should happen that the queen bore a son, he wished that his cousin, Philip of Valois, should be regent of the kingdom of France until the child came of age to be king. But if it should be a daughter, then the twelve peers and the other barons of France were to take counsel together and give the kingdom to him who ought to have it by right. Thereupon he died in the year 1328, about the month of March3.
De celle seconde femme de Luxembourch, laquelle estoit moult humble et moult prœude femme, eut le roy ung filz qui morut moult jœune, et assez tost la mere aprez, à Ysodun en Berry; et morurent tous deux assez souspechonneusement, de quoy aucunes gens furent encoulpez en derriere couvertement. Aprez, cil roy Charle fut remarié tierce foys à la fille de son oncle de remariage, fille à monseigneur le conte d'Œu et seur au roy de Navarre, puis avint que celle dame acoucha enchainte et le roy fut malade au lit de la mort. Quant il perchut que morir le convenoit, il devisa que, s'il avenoit que la royne acouchast d'ung filz, il vouloit que messire Philippe de Valois, son cousin germain, fust regent du royaume de France jusques à ce qu'il seroit en aage d'estre roy, et s'il avenoit que ce fust une fille, que les x pers et les aultres barons de France eussent conseil entre eulx et donnassent le royaume à cil qui le debvroit avoir par droit. Sur ce ala morir l'an M CCC et XXVIII, entour le mois de mars.
Note 1. Marie of Luxembourg died at Issoudun in the course of March 1324, about Mid-Lent, and was buried in the church of the Dominican nuns at Montargis. (Grandes Chroniques, vol. V, p. 276; and the Anonymous Parisian Chronicle, in the Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France, vol. XI, p. 92.)
1. Marie de Luxembourg mourut à Issoudun dans le courant du mois de mars 1324, vers la mi-carème, et fut enterrée dans l'église des Dominicaines de Montargis. (Grandes Chroniques, t. V, p. 276, et Chronique parisienne anonyme, dans les Mémoires de la Soc. de l'Hist. de Paris et de l'Ile-deFrance, t. XI, p. 92.)
Note 2. Charles IV of France married Jeanne of Évreux, daughter of Louis of Évreux, on 5th July 1324, according to the continuator of Jean de Saint-Victor and according to Bernard Gui (Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, vol. XXI, pp. 682 and 733); or in the month of August, according to the Anonymous Parisian Chronicle (Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France, vol. XI, p. 94).
2. Charles IV épousa Jeanne, fille de Louis de France, comte d'Évreux, le 5 juillet 1324, suivant le continuateur de Jean de Saint-Victor et suivant Bernard Gui. (Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, t. XXI, p. 682 et 733, et au mois d'août, suivant la Chronique parisienne anonyme, dans les Mémoires de la Soc. de l'Hist. de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, t. XI, p. 94.)
Note 3. Charles IV of France died at Vincennes on 1st February 1328. He was buried at Basilica of Saint-Denis on 5th February; his heart was carried the following day, the 6th, to the church of the Dominicans in Paris, and his entrails were buried on the 7th at the Abbey of Maubuisson. (Anonymous Parisian Chronicle, in the Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France, vol. XI, pp. 112–113; cf. Grandes Chroniques, ed. P. Paris, vol. V, p. 303; and the Journaux du trésor of Philip VI of France, no. 1.)
3. Charles le Bel mourut à Vincennes le 1er février 1328; il fut enterré à Saint-Denis le 5 février, son cœur fut porté le lendemain 6 en l'église des Dominicains à Paris et ses entrailles enterrées le 7 en l'abbaye de Maubuisson. (Chronique parisienne anonyme, dans les Mémoires de la Soc. de l'Hist. de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, t. XI, p. 112 et 113. Cf. Grandes Chroniques, éd. P. Paris, t. V, p. 303, et les Journaux du trésor de Philippe VI de Valois, no 1.)
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On 17th March 1328 Robert the Bruce [age 53] signed the Treaty of Edinburgh Northampton bringing to an end the First Scottish War of Independence. The English Parliament signed at Northampton [Map] on 03 May 1328. The terms of the Treaty included:
Scotland to pay England £100,000 sterling,
The Kingdom of Scotland as fully independent,
Robert the Bruce, and his heirs and successors, as the rightful rulers of Scotland, and.
The border between Scotland and England as that recognised under the reign of Alexander III (1249-1286).
The Treaty lasted four years only being regarded by the English nobility as humiliating; the work of Edward's [age 15] mother Isabella of France Queen Consort England [age 33] and Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March [age 40] rather than King Edward. Two years after King Edward commenced his personal reign he commenced the Second War of Scottish Independence in Aug 1332.
Froissart Book 1: 1307-1340. [17th March 1328] 40. After the Scots departed by night from the mountain where young King Edward and the lords of England had besieged them, as you have heard, they traveled twenty-two leagues through that wild land without stopping, and crossed the River Tyne1 not far from Carlisle, in Wales. The next day, they returned to their own country, and then dispersed according to the orders of their lords, each one going back to his own home. Soon afterward, some lords and wise men worked diligently between the King of England and his council, and the King of Scotland, until a truce was agreed upon between them, to last for the space of three years.
40. Apriès chou que li Escot se partirent par nuit de le montagne, là où li jones rois Edowars et li signeur d'Engleterre les avoient assegiés, si com vous avés oy, il alèrent vingt et deus liewes de celui sauvage pays, sans arrester, et passèrent celle rivière de Thin assés priès de Cardueil, en Galles. Et à l'endemain, il revinrent en leur pays, et se departirent par l'ordenance des signeurs, et en rala cescuns en se maison. Assés tost apriès, signeur et aucun bon preudomme pourcacièrent tant entre le roy d'Engleterre et son conseil et entre le roy d'Escoce, que une triewe fu acordée entre yaus, à durer par l'espasse de trois ans.
Note 1. This may be a mistake since the River Tyne doesn't flows near Carlisle. The River Eden flows through Carlisle.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In this year, on the twelfth day of the month of July [1328], the King of Scotland1, son of Robert Bruce, took to wife at Berwick Joan of the Tower, sister of Edward III since the Conquest; on the occasion of which marriage the King of England, then under age, was stirred up and induced, chiefly by his mother and by Roger de Mortimer, to resign all right and claim of overlordship which he or his forebears had at any time held, or which, by reason of past times, his successors might also hold in the future. For in those days Roger de Mortimer gathered the royal treasure, usurped royal power, and, as it seemed, kept the king in subjection; so that Henry, the elder Earl of Lancaster, who at the king's coronation had been appointed guardian of the king by the agreement of the magnates, being unable to approach, advise, or guard the king, was led, on the counsel of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the bishops, and certain of the magnates, around the feast of Saint Hilary, with a great army, to correct as far as possible the shortcomings and to amend the wrongs; and against the said Roger he tarried about Leicester and Bedford, and by the mediation of the archbishop and many others, Earl Henry humbled himself before the king and promised to answer in parliament for the offence, making satisfaction for it2.
Hoc anno, duodecimo die mensis Julii, rex Scotiæ, filius Roberti Brus, duxit in uxorem apud Berewicum Johannam de Turri sororem Edwardi a Conquæstu tertii; occasione cujus matrimonii excitatus fuit et inductus rex Angliæ, minoris tunc ætatis, per matrem suam præcipue et Rogerum de Mortuo-mari, ad resignandum omne jus et vendicationem superioritatis quod ipse vel progenitores sui temporibus quibuscunque habuerunt, vel ratione temporis præteriti successores etiam habere poterunt in futurum. Illis enim diebus Rogerus de Mortuo-mari thesaurum regium congregavit, potestatem regiam usurpavit, regem, ut videbatur, suppeditavit; ita quod comes Lancastria Henricus senior, in coronatione regis per procerum consensum regis custos deputatus, regi appropiare, consulere, nec custodire valens, consilio archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, episcoporum ac aliquorum procerum, ductus circa festum Sancti Hilarii cum magno exercitu, ut defectus reformaret errataque pro posse raises an corrigeret, contra dictum Rogerum circa Leicestriam et Bedefordiam moram traxit, medianteque archiepiscopo ac multis aliis, comes Henricus regi se humiliavit et ut in parliamento responderet errori inter eos satisfaciendo repromisit.
Note 1. Prince David, the future King of Scotland. He was about five years of age when he married the Princess Joanna. He did not accede to the throne of Scotland till the 7th of June in the year following. He married Joan of the Tower [of London], named for where she was born. The Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, of which the marriage formed a part, was signed at Edinburgh by Robert Bruce and the English plenipotentiaries, the Bishops of Lincoln and Norwich, Henry de Percy, William la Zouche of Ashby, and Geoffrey le Scrope, on the 17th of March, 1328. Rymer, Fœdera, 2.734.
The Scots, in consideration of the concessions made by King Edward, undertaking to pay the sum of twenty thousand pounds sterling, by three instalments, within the term of three years, Rymer, Fœdera, 2.735.
Note 2. Henry Earl of Lancaster, in conjunction with the King's uncles, the Earls of Norfolk and Kent, and many other nobles, assembled a large force with the intention of depriving Mortimer of the authority he had usurped; but being unexpectedly deserted by the King's uncles, the Earl of Lancaster and his confederates were obliged to submit: upon which, having taken an oath not to attempt anything against the King, the Queen, or any of their Council, they received pardon, with the exception of four, who fled into France, H. Knyghton, Hist. Ang. Script. 2554.
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On 31st May 1328 the Mortimer family leveraged their new status at a lavish ceremony that celebrated the marriages of two of Roger Mortimer's [age 41] daughters at Hereford [Map].
Edward Plantagenet [age 8] and Beatrice Mortimer [age 6] were married. She the daughter of Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March and Joan Geneville Baroness Mortimer 2nd Baroness Geneville [age 42]. He the son of Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl Norfolk [age 27] and Alice Hales Countess Norfolk. They were half third cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.
Laurence Hastings 1st Earl Pembroke [age 9] and Agnes Mortimer Countess of Pembroke [age 11] were married. She the daughter of Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March and Joan Geneville Baroness Mortimer 2nd Baroness Geneville. He the son of John Hastings 2nd Baron Hastings 14th Baron Abergavenny and Juliana Leybourne Countess Huntingdon [age 25]. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.
King Edward III of England [age 15] and his mother Isabella of France Queen Consort England [age 33] attended as well as Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March.
On 17th July 1328 King David II of Scotland [age 4] and Joan of the Tower Queen Consort Scotland [age 7] were married at Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland [Map]. She the daughter of King Edward II of England and Isabella of France Queen Consort England [age 33]. He the son of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland [age 54] and Elizabeth Burgh Queen Consort Scotland.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Lanercost Chronicle. 17th July 1328. The young king, as mentioned, also gave his younger sister, Lady Joan of the Tower, in marriage to David [age 4], the son of Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, who was then five years old, just as his mother, the Queen of England, had arranged—she who at that time ruled the entire kingdom. The wedding was solemnly celebrated at Berwick on the Sunday next before the feast of Saint Mary Magdalene.
Dedit etiam juvenis rex predictus sororem suam juniorem, dominam Johanam de Turre, in uxorem David filio Roberti de Brus, regis Scotia, qui puer tunc erat quinque annorum, sicut ordinaverat mater sua regina Angliæ, que tunc temporis totum regnum regebat. Celebrate vero funt nuptiæ folemniter apud Berwicum, Dominica die proxima ante festum sanctæ Mariæ Magdalenæ.
Bourgeois de Valenciennes. And when Tuesday came, the night [23rd] of Saint Bartholomew in August 1328, the Flemings who were assembled upon Mount Cassel, from Bergues and the neighbouring towns, descended from the mountain, without any captain, in three divisions, intending to make straight for the king’s tents. Such was their purpose. Silently and quietly they began to pass and to enter the camp, without speaking, making noise, or committing any disorder, boldly and subtly, until they reached the place where wine and food were being sold. Then the said sellers of provisions perceived that these were Flemings coming thick and close together, with their goedendags1 and pikes upon their shoulders. At once the camp began to stir on all sides and to cry, "To arms!" Then the Flemings stood firm and began the battle fiercely and bitterly, striking, killing, and cutting down with axes and goedendags. The men of Hainault and of Bar defended themselves, the French came to their aid, and knights and men-at-arms issued from their tents and ran boldly upon the Flemings. Then all manner of men, French and others, rushed upon them.
Et quant ce vint le mardy qui fut la nuit Saint-Bertelemieu en aoust mil et III et XXVIII, les Flamens qui estoient assemblés sur le mont de Cassel, de Bergues et des villes voisines, descendirent de celuy mont, sans nul capitaine, en trois batailles pour eulx adreschier droit aux tentes du roy. Ainsy estoit leur pourpos. Et tout quoit taisant commenchèrent à passer et à entrer en l’ost, sans parler, ne faire noise, ne sans rien fourfaire, hardiement et soubtillement jusque là où on vendoit le vin et les viandes. Et adont se perchurent les dis vendeurs de denrées, que estoient Flamens qui ainsy venoient espès et drus, ces goudendas et ces picques à leurs cols. Et adont se commencha l’ost à esmouvoir de toutes pars et à cryer: "À l’arme!" Dont se commenchèrent les Flamens à tenir quois, et commenchèrent la bataille bien et asprement, et à férir et à tuer et à décopper de haches et goudendas, et Hainnuiers et Barois à eulx deffendre, et Francois à sourvenir, et chevaliers et gens d’armes à yssir de leur tentes et courir sus aux Flamens hardyement. Adont leur coururent sus toutes manières de gens, François et aultres.
Note 1. Goedendag. A weapon particular to Flanders being a combination of club and spear, between 0.9m and 1.5m long, wider at one end at which there was a sharp spike.
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In October 1328 Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March [age 41] was created 1st Earl March by his own authority to the surprise, perhaps astonishment, of the nobility who compared his behaviour as similar to the usurped Edward II.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. In the year of our Lord 1328, the second year of King Edward III from the Conquest, the king held a parliament at Salisbury1 shortly after the feast of Saint Michael [29th September]. At this parliament, he created three earls: namely, Lord John of Eltham, his brother, as Earl of Cornwall; Roger de Mortimer as Earl of the March of Wales; and the Butler of Ireland as Earl of Ormond. From this parliament, the Earl of Lancaster, Lord Wake, and certain other nobles withdrew themselves, and among their company were Lord Henry de Beaumont and the Earl Marshal; they came near, however, armed. This provoked the king's displeasure. But afterward, in summer, through the mediation of the Archbishop of Canterbury, they submitted themselves to the king's grace at Bedford. Not long after, the Earl of Lancaster became blind, and devoted himself wholly and patiently to the service of God.
Anno Domini MCCCXXVIIJ, ipsius regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu anno secundo, post quindenam sancti Michaelis tenuit rex parliamentum Sarisburie; in quo fecit tres comites, scilicet dominum Ioannem Deltham, fratrem suum, comitem Cornubie, et Rogerum de Mortuo mari comitem Marchie Wallie, et pincernam Hibernye comitem de Ormonde. Ab hoc parliamento comes Lancastrie et dominus de Wake, et alii quidam nobiles se subtraxerunt, et in eorum comitiva dominus Henricus de Bellemonte et comes Marescallus; prope tamen venerant armati. Unde in offensionem regem commoverunt, set postmodum in estate, procurante archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, apud Bedeford gracie regis se submiserunt; non multumque postea comes Lancastrie cecus effectus ad pacienter Deo serviendum se totum ordinavit.
Note 1. This parliament sat from the 16th to the 31st October. Lancaster's abortive attempt to throw off Mortimer's yoke is thus described by Knighton 2553-2555.
The Brute chronicle (Harley MS. 2279).
Lancaster's submission took place about the 12th or 13th January 1329. Bishop Stubbs's Introduction to Chronicle Edward I, II, i, cxxi. and Annales Paulini 343-4.
Chronicle of Henry Knighton. October 1328֫. At Salisbury, Queen Isabella and Roger de Mortimer created new earls, namely, John of Eltham as Earl of Cornwall, Roger de Mortimer as Earl of the March, and Edmund Butler as Earl of Ormond. All of these, together with their adherents, gathered a great army under Isabella's authority against Henry, Earl of Lancaster, and other magnates of the realm who had not agreed to their wicked deeds. With strength and arms, they rode into the lands of the said earl and came to Leicester with a great army of English and Welshmen on the day before the Nones of January [i.e., January 4], and they remained in Leicester and the surrounding countryside for eight days. They plundered the entire region, woods, parks, vineyards, ponds, fishponds, and took with them whatever their hands could find, whether precious or worthless: gold, silver, grain, household goods, bedding, tableware, weapons, clothing, wild and domestic animals, sheep and cattle, geese, hens, and even church ornaments. They left nothing untouched in the churches or elsewhere, as if it were a time of war between kingdoms.
Apud Salusbury regina Isabella et Rogerus de Mortuo mari fecerunt novos comites scilicet Johannem de Eltham comitem Cornubiæ, Rogerum de Mortuo mari comitem de Marchia, Edmundum Botoler comitem de Ormunde. Qui omnes cum suis adhærentibus congregaverunt magnum exercitum ad Isabellam reginam contra comitem Lancastriæ Henricum et alios magnates de regno qui non fuerant eorum nefariis operibus consentientes. Et equitaverunt viribus et armis super terras dicti comitis et venerunt Leycestriam cum magno exercitu Anglicorum et Wallanorum pridie nonas Januarii, et morabantur in Leycestria et in circumjacenti patria octo diebus, et spoliaverunt undique patriam, et boscos, parcos, viness, stagna, piscinas, et secum abduxerunt quiequid preciosum aut vile manus eorum invenire potuerunt, aurum, argentum, blada, utensilia, lectualia, mensualia, arma, vestimenta, bestias feras et domesticas, oves et boves, aucas, gullinas, et ornaments ecclesiastica, nihil in ecclesiis inventum vel alibi relinquendo, ac si esset in tempore guerræ inter regna.
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On 7th June 1329 King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland [age 54] died at Cardross Manor, Argyll. He was buried at Dunfermline Abbey [Map]. His son David [age 5] succeeded II King Scotland. Joan of the Tower Queen Consort Scotland [age 7] by marriage Queen Consort Scotland.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In this year Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, stricken with leprosy, died on the seventh day before the Ides of June [7th June 1328].
Hoc anno Robertus Brus, rex Scotiæ, lepra Death of percussus obiit septimo idus Junii.
On 9th October 1329 Thomas Butler 1st Baron Dunboyne [age 58] was killed at the Battle of Ardnocher by the Chief of the Clan Geoghegan. His son Piers [age 35] succeeded 2nd Baron Dunboyne.