1400-1414 Epiphany Rising and Rebellions Against Henry IV

On 14 Feb 1400 (exact date not known) King Richard II (age 33) died at Pontefract Castle [Map] where he had been imprisoned three months before; possibly murdered, possibly starved to death. His death was a consequence of the Epiphany Rising; he was still considered a threat.

Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl March 7th Earl of Ulster (age 8) de jure Heir to the Throne of England since he was descended from Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster the daughter of Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence. The new King Henry IV (age 32) ignored his claim. Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl March 7th Earl of Ulster and his brother Roger Mortimer (age 6) were imprisoned in Windsor and Berkhamstead castles respectively; they were treated well.

On 17 Feb 1400 Richard's corpse was displayed at St Paul's Cathedral [Map].

On 06 Mar 1400 Richard's remains were buried at King's Langley Priory, Hertfordshire [Map].

Froissart Book 2 Chapter 249. [06 Jan 1400]. Of the death of king Richard of England; and how the truce between England and France was renewed; and also of the deposition of pope Benedict at Avignon.

Chronicle of John Benet. Mar 1400. In the beginning of March, King Richard died, having reigned for twenty-two years. He was buried at Langley, but later, his remains were transferred to Westminster by King Henry V.

, et in principio mensis Marcii defunctus est rex Ricardus cum regnasset XXII annis et sepultus apud Langeley et postea translata fuerunt ossa eius in Westimonasterium per Henricum regem quintum a conquestu.

Around Apr 1400 the newly crowned King Henry IV of England (age 32) created a number of new Garter Knights, including his children, to replace those of who had been executed during the Epiphany Rising.

95th John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford (age 10).

96th Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester (age 9).

97th Thomas Fitzalan 10th Earl of Surrey 5th or 12th Earl of Arundel (age 18).

98th Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 23).

On 22 Jun 1402 Owain ap Gruffudd "Glyndŵr" Mathrafal Prince Powys (age 43) defeated the army of Edmund Mortimer (age 25) at Knighton, Radnorshire [Map], who was captured, at the Battle of Bryn Glas.

King Henry IV of England (age 35) made no attempt to ransom Edmund Mortimer and, as a consequence, Edmund Mortimer changed his allegiance, and subsequently married Owain's daughter.

Walter Devereux (age 41) died from wounds.

On 22 Jun 1402 George Dunbar 10th Earl March (age 64) commanded a force of around 200 men from the Berwick garrison who defeated a Scottish army of around 400 men at Nisbet during the Battle of Nesbit Moor. Patrick "Younger" of Hailes Hepburn (age 50) was killed. John Cockburn, Thomas Haliburton, John Haliburton and Robert Lawedre were captured.

Scotichronicon Book 15 Chapter 13. The Battle of Nesbit Moor

On 14 Sep 1402 Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 60) and his son Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 38) lay in wait at Homildon Hill, Northumberland [Map] for the Scots to return from their laying waste to Northumberland. The Battle of Homildon Hill was a victory for the English forces whose longbowmen decimated the Scottish schiltrons. Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh (age 44) fought for the English.

John Swinton was killed.

Thomas Dunbar 2nd Earl of Moray (age 31) and Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl Orkney (age 27) were captured.

Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 30) was wounded. King Henry IV of England (age 35) forbade the ransoming of Scottish prisoners so that he could concentrate on the Welsh. By doing so he created a rift with the Percy family who subsequently defected to Owain ap Gruffudd Glyndŵr (age 43).

William Stewart of Jedworth and Teviotdale (age 46) was executed by Henry "Hotspur" Percy having been captured.

John Stewart 1st of Dalswinton and Garlies (age 32) fought at the Battle of Homildon Hill.

Scotichronicon Book 15 Chapter 14. The Battle of Homildon Hill

On 07 Feb 1403 King Henry IV of England (age 35) and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 33) were married at Winchester, Hampshire [Map]. Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England was crowned Queen Consort England. His third marriage, her second. She had eight children with her first husband but, despite ten years of marriage, none with Henry. She the daughter of Charles "Bad" II King Navarre and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre. He the son of John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. They were third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

Chronicle of John Benet. 21 Jul 1403. In the year of our Lord 1403, a great battle took place near Shrewsbury between King Henry and Henry Percy, the son of the Earl of Northumberland. On the king's side, the Earl of Stafford was slain, and on the opposing side, Henry Percy was killed. The Lord granted victory to the king on the eve of the feast of Saint Mary Magdalene.

Anno Domini MCCCCIII fuit grande bellum iuxta Solopiam inter regem Henricum et Henricum de Percey filium comitis de Northumberland, et ex latere regis interfectus est comes Stafordie et ex alia latere Henricus Percey, et victoriam dedit Dominus Regi in vigilia sancte Marie Magdalene.

Chronicle of Gregory. 21 Jul 1403. And that year, the year of our lord Mcccc iiij, was the batylle of Shrouysbury, that was uppon Mary Mawdelyn Evyn, in the whyche bataylle Syr Harry Percy (age 39) was sayle¹, and Thomas Percy (age 60) was i-takynne and kept iij dayes aftyr, and thenne he was drawe, hanggyd, quarteryd, and be-heddyd; and the quarters was sende one unto London Brygge. And in the same bataylle was the Prynce (age 16) shotte thorowe the hedde with an arowe, and the Erle of Stafforde (age 25) was i-slayne in the kyngys cote armure undyr his baner, and many mo lordys and knyghtes lost there lyvys, and squyers and many a goode yemon. For hit was one of the wyrste bataylys that evyr came to Inglonde, and unkyndyst, for there was the fadyr a-yenst the son and the son ayenste the fadyr, and brother and cosyn a-yenste eche othyr.

Note 1. sayle. So in MS., but the reading ought certainly to have been slain.

On 27 May 1405 Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) and Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19) assembled a force of around 8000 men at Shipton Moor, Hambleton. Believing they had been given safe conduct by Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 41) and assured their demands would be met, the rebel army disbanded

On 29 May 1405 Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) and Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19) were arrested and taken to Pontefract Castle [Map].

On 03 Jun 1405 Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 28) arrived at York [Map]. The King denied the accused trial by their peers. Thomas Fitzalan 10th Earl of Surrey 5th or 12th Earl of Arundel (age 23) and Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter sat in judgement of Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) and Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19). William Gascoigne (age 55) refused to pronounce sentence on Archbishop Richard Scrope and Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham asserting their right to be tried by their peers.

On 08 Jun 1405 before a great crowd at York [Map] ...

Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) was beheaded.

Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19) was beheaded. His brother John (age 13) succeeded 5th Earl Norfolk, 3rd Earl Nottingham, 8th Baron Mowbray, 9th Baron Segrave.

On 20 Jul 1405 John Fauconberg was beheaded in Durham, County Durham [Map].

Around Mar 1405 William Gascoigne (age 55) refused to pass sentence on Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) and Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19) who were accused of involvement in the Northern Rising asserting their right to be tried by peers. They were both subsequently executed.

Chronicle of Gregory. 08 Jun 1405. Alle so the same year Syr Richard Schroppe, Archebyschoppe of Yorke (age 55), and the Lord Mombray (age 19), were be-heddyd at Yorke.

Patent Rolls. 12 Jul 1408. Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland [Map]. Mandate to the mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne to receive the head of Henry Boynton, "chivaler," and to place it on the bridge of the town to stay there as long as it can last. By K.

The like to the keepers or governors of the city of York and their lieutenant to receive the heads of Richard de Ask and Ranulph del See, and place them on the gate called "Bothom Barre" of the city. By K.

On 25 Dec 1406 Henry III King Castile (age 27) died. His son John (age 1) succeeded II King Castile.

Around May 1405 Richard Grey 1st or 4th Baron Grey of Codnor (age 34) and Dafydd Gam Brecon (age 25) decisively defeated the Welsh army at the Battle of Pwll Melyn aka Usk. Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr Mathrafal (age 30) was captured. Tudur ap Gruffudd Mathrafal Lord Gwyddelwern (age 48) was killed. The Welsh lost around 1500 men with 300 prisoners being beheaded following the battle. The battle marked the beginning of the end of Owain Glyndŵr's (age 46) revolt.

On 24 Jan 1407 Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent (age 23) and Lucia Visconti Countess Kent (age 27) were married at Southwark Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Countess Kent. He was killed eighteen month's later at the Battle of Île de Bréhat. He the son of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 57).

Chronicle of Gregory. 24 Jan 1407. Ande that year the Erle of Kent (age 23) weddyd the Erlys daughter (age 27) of Mylayne, at Synt Mary Overeys in Sowtheworke [Map], the xiiij day of Juylle..

Note. Other sources say 24 Jan 1407?

On 23 Nov 1407 Louis Valois I Duke Orléans (age 35) was murdered on the orders of John "Fearless" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 36) at Paris [Map]. His son Charles (age 12) succeeded Duke Orléans.

On 19 Feb 1408 Thomas Rokeby's (age 15) force of Yorkshire levies defeated the Percy army during the Battle of Bramham Moor bringing to an end the Percy rebellion.

Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 66) was killed. His body was afterwards hanged, drawn and quartered, his head being sent to London bridge and his quarters to diverse places. Earl of Northumberland, Baron Percy of Alnwick and Baron Percy of Topcliffe forfeit.

Thomas Bardolf 5th Baron Bardolf (age 38) was killed. Baron Bardolf of Wormegay in Norfolk had been forfeited in 1406 when Thomas Bardolf 5th Baron Bardolf was declared a traitor. It was restored on the 19th of July 1408 to his two daughters Anne Bardolf Baroness Cobham Sternborough (age 18) and Joan Bardolf (age 17) and their husbands William Clifford (age 33) and William Phelip (age 25) respectively.

The Abbot of Hailes Abbey [Map] was executed following the battle since he was wearing armour. Bishop Griffin Yonge (age 38), Bishop of Bangor, was captured, but wearing his vestments, he avoided execution.

Chronicle of Gregory. 1408. Ande that year the Erle of Northehumberlond (age 66) ande the Lord Bardoffe (age 38) were take in the Northe countre ande be-heddyd and quarteryd; and the hedde of the erle and the quartyr of the lord were brought unto Londyn Brygge.

In 1408 Edmund Mortimer (age 31) died at Harlech Castle [Map] during the Siege of Harlech Castle.

On 15 Sep 1408 Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent (age 24) was killed at Île de Bréhat during the Battle of Île de Bréhat. He was buried in Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire [Map]. Earl Kent, Baron Holand extinct. Baron Wake of Liddell abeyant.

Chronicle of Gregory. 1408. Alle so the same year the Erle of Kentt (age 23) was slayne at the castelle of Bryake whythe a stone.

Chronicle of Gregory. 1409. Ande that year was the grette playe at Skynners Welle in London. Ande that year there were grete justys in Smethefylde by twyne the Erle of Somersett (age 36) and the Synyschalle of Henowde [Hainault], and Syr John Corwayle and Syr Rycharde of Arundelle, and the son of Syr John Chenye, and othyr Fraynysche men dede the dedys of armys there.

On 20 Mar 1413 King Henry IV of England (age 45) died in the Jerusalem Chamber, Cheyneygates, Westminster Abbey [Map] in Westminster Abbey confirming a prophesy that he would die in Jerusalem. His son Henry (age 26) succeeded V King of England. His sons King Henry V of England and Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester (age 22) were present. He was buried in the Chancel of Canterbury Cathedral [Map].

Chronicle of Gregory. 20 Mar 1413. Ande that same year the kyng (age 45) dyde at Westemyster, the xx day of Marche, the year of our lord Ml CCCC and xij; and he is byryde at Cauntyrbury [Map] be-syde the schryne.

Annales of England by John Stow. 20 Mar 1413. The King his father drawing to his ende, after due thankes given, and supplications made to God, gave his benedicton to the Prince his sonne, and so yelded to God his spirit, the xx of March, which was then midlent Sunday. Anno 1412 [1413] after the account of the Church of England, the yéere of his age 46, when he had raigned 13 years, five moneths lacking 10 Dayes. His body was conveyed by water to Feversham, and from thence by land to Canterburp, and there buried by the Lady Mary his first wife, in the monastery of Christs Church, under a pillar in the North Ile. This King Henry, with Thomas Arundell Archbishop of Canterbury had béen great benefactor to this Church, in building a good part of the body thereof anewe. he had issues by Mary daughter to Humfrey Bohune Earle of Hereford and Nortbampton, Henry that succéeded him, Thomas Duke of Clarence, John duke of Bedtord, Humfrey Duke of Glocester, Blanch Dutchess of Bauere, and Philip Queene of Denmarke; for by Joan his second wife be had no issue.

Chronicle of Robert Fabyan. 20 Mar 1413. At length, whan he was comynto himselfe, natknowynge where he was, freyned of suche as then were aboute hym, what place that was; the which shewyd to hym, that it belongyd unto y^e abbot of Westmynster; and for he felte hymself so syke, he comaunded to aske if that chambre had any specyall name; whereunto it was answeryd, that it was named Iherusalem. Than sayd the kynge, "louynge be to the Fader of heuen, for nowe I knowe I shall dye in this chambre, accordyng to y^e prophecye of me beforesayd, that I shulde dye in Jerusalem: and so after he made hymself redy, & dyed shortly after, upon y^e day of seynt Cuthbert, or y^e. xx. day of Marche, when he had reygned. xiii. yeres. v. monthes, &. xxi. dayes, leuynge after hym. iiii. sones, that is to meane Henry that was kyng, Thomas that was duke of Orleaunce [Clarence], lohn duke of Bedforde, and Humfrey duke of Glouceter, [and the. v. was named Henry, ryche cardynall of Wynchester,] and ii. doughters, that one beynge quene of Demnarke, and that other duchesse of Barre, as before is shewyd.

Whanne kynge Henry was deed, he was conveyed by water unto Feversham, and from thens by lande unto Caunterbury, and there enteryd by the shryne of seynt Thomas. [To the foresayd Henry, the riche cardynall, kynge Henry had or begat, ii. other sonnes upon dame Katheryne Swynford, as before is shewyd in the viii. yere of Richarde y^e seconde, whiche were named as there is expressyd.]

On 09 Apr 1413 King Henry V of England (age 26) was crowned V King of England by Archbishop Thomas Fitzalan aka Arundel (age 60) at Westminster Abbey [Map].

Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 31) was appointed Lord High Steward. Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh (age 55) was appointed Constable of England. Duke Lancaster merged with the Crown.

Chronicle of Gregory. 1413. Thes ben the namys of Mayrys of London and of the Sherevys of the same for-said cytte in the tyme of Kyng Harry the v (age 26), that was crownyd the ix day of Aprylle at Westemyster, the year of our lord MlCCCC xiij. And it was apon Passyon Sonday, and that was a full wete day of rayne.

Deeds of King Henry V 1413. 09 Apr 1413. The Most Serene Prince, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, Henry the Fifth, after the conquest, was crowned at Westminster on the ninth day of the month of April, on the Lord's Day, in the Passion of the Lord, in the year of the Incarnation 1413. When he began to reign as a young man but with the maturity of an old man, as a true chosen of God, he diligently sought to embrace with all devotion those things which could regard the honour of God, the expansion of the Church, the liberation of the homeland, and the peace and tranquility of the kingdoms, especially the two kingdoms of England and France, which are more closely connected and united, having afflicted each other with internal wars for a long time, not without great and deplorable shedding of human blood.

Serenissimus princeps Rex Angliæ et Franciæ et Dominus Hiberniæ, Henricus quintus post conquestum, coronatus est apud Westmonasterium, nono die mensis Aprilis, Dominica, in passione Domini, ab incarnatione ejusdem MCCCCXIII. Cum regnare cœpisset ætate juvenis sed maturitate senex, ut verus electus Dei, quæ sursum sunt sapiens, ea studuit omni devotione complecti, quæ honorem Dei, ampliationem ecclesiæ, patriæ liberationem, ac pacem et tranquillitatem regnorum respicere poterant, et præsertim duorum regnorum Angliæ et Franciæ, ut magis cohærentium et conjunctorum, quæ à diuturnis flebilibus temporibus, non sine magnâ et deplorandâ effusione cruoris humani, præliis intestinis se invicèm affecerunt.

On 16 May 1414 King Henry V of England (age 27) created Dukedoms for his two brothers:

Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester (age 23) was created 1st Duke Gloucester, 1st Earl Pembroke.

John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford (age 24) was created 1st Duke Bedford, 1st Earl Kendal.

In May 1414 the Fire and Faggot Parliament at Greyfriars Priory Leicester, Leicestershire [Map]. Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 35) was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons. It was named for the Suppression of Heresy Act which called for burning the Lollards with bundles of sticks known as faggots.