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Lords Appellant is in 1380-1389 Peasants' Revolt and Lords Appellant.
In 1387 Bishop Richard Mitford was arrested by Lords Appellant and imprisoned in Bristol Castle, Gloucestershire [Map]. He was then imprisoned in the Tower of London [Map]. Thereafter he was released without charge.
In 1397 Thomas Beauchamp 12th Earl Warwick (age 58) was imprisoned at Beauchamp Tower, Tower of London [Map] during the Lords Appellant.
Before 08 Sep 1397 Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 42) was imprisoned in Calais [Map] to await trial for treason for being the leader of the Lords Appellant.
Around 08 Sep 1397 Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 42) was murdered in Calais [Map] for his role as leader of the Lords Appellant. Duke Albemarle, Duke Gloucester, Earl Essex forfeit. His son Humphrey Plantagenet 2nd Earl Buckingham (age 16) succeeded 2nd Earl Buckingham.
Walter Clopton was part of the inquiry into his death the outcome of which is not known. A John Hall was executed for the murder.
Battle of Radcot Bridge
Thomas Walsingham Chronicon Angliæ 1387. 19 Dec 1387. Meanwhile, the Duke of Ireland (age 25), fleeing, came to a river. When he wished to cross by a bridge, he found it broken. Reaching another bridge, he encountered archers who blocked his passage. Thus, turning away from them and searching for a ford, he urged his horse into the river. There, soon transformed from a rider into a swimmer, he reached the other bank. Since it was night, the servants of the lords did not pursue the fugitive, particularly because they were unfamiliar with the paths of the region. However, his horse, along with his helmet, gauntlets, and breastplate, fell into the possession of the lords. As a result, it was later believed for a long time that he had drowned. Additionally, the lords intercepted his cart and saddlebags, discovering many items, most notably letters from the king addressed to him. These letters instructed him to hasten to London with great force, assuring him that the king was prepared and committed to live and die by his side. These documents provided the lords with strong evidence of the king's inconsistency and fickleness.
Interea, Dux Hiberniæ, fugiens pervenit ad flumen, sed cum transire ad pontem vellet, confractum reperit. Ad alium vero pontem dum pervenisset, arcitenentes invenit, qui ejus transitum prohiberent. Igitur divertens ab eis, et vadum quærens, equum compulit intrare flumen ; in quo mox, ex equite natator factus, ad aliam ripam venit. Nox autem erat, ct ideo non sunt secuti fugientem servi procerum, eo maxime, quod diverticula patriæ nesciebant. Equus tamen ejus, cum casside, et, cum cbirotliecis, pectorale, in sortem pervenit Dominorum. Unde expost magno tempore submersus fuisse putabatur. Quadrigam ejus insuper, cum clitellis, proceres interceperunt ; in quibus plurima repererunt, et præcipue Regis ad ipsum litteras, in quibus continebatur, ut venire festinaret ad eum Londonias, cum potestate magna, et Rex paratus esset, et cor apponeret, ad vivendum ct moriendum cum eo. Qui apices magnam fidem fecerunt Dominis de Regis inconstantia et mutabilitate.
Holinshed's Chronicle 1387. 19 Dec 1387. Herevpon manie that were with him, cursing this his demeanour, prepared to yeeld themselues to the lords. But Thomas Molineux (age 49) determined to fight it out, sith the lords were not yet all come togither to that place, but onelie the earle of Derbie and certeine others. Neuerthelesse, after he had fought a while, and perceiued it would not auaile him to tarie longer, as one despairing of the victorie, betooke him likewise to flight, as the duke of Ireland had led him the waie: and plunging into the riuer, which was at hand, it chanced that sir Thomas Mortimer being present amongst other at the same place, willed him to come out of the water vnto him; for if he would not, he threatened to shoot him through with arrowes in the riuer where he stood.
If I come (said Molineux) will ye saue my life? I will make thée no such promise (said sir Thomas Mortimer) but notwithstanding, either come vp, or thou shalt presentlie die for it. Well then (said Molineux) if there be no other remedie, suffer me to come vp, and let me trie with hand-blowes, either with you or some other, and so die like a man.
But as he came vp, the knight caught him by the helmet, plucked it off his head, & streightwaies drawing foorth his dagger,Thomas Molineux slaine. stroke him into the braines, and so dispatched him. This was the end of sir Thomas Molineux, which through his bold and rash aduenture, in a most dangerous and desperat case, he pulled vpon himselfe; and might as well haue auoided as incurred, if the same prouident care of safetie had taken him in the head that mooued the duke of Ireland to take flight for his indemnitie: wherein he séemed to remember that there is no safe attempting of any perilous enterprise without dread of danger: for he that can tell when a thing is to be feared, can tell in like sort when it is to be vndertaken; as the wiseman verie sententiouslie saith:
Animus vereri qui scit, scit tutò aggredi. i.e. A mind that knows how to fear, knows how to proceed safely.
Thomas Walsingham Chronicon Angliæ 1387. 19 Dec 1387. At that time, there was a certain Thomas Molyneux (age 49), who prepared himself for battle, as not all the lords had yet gathered at that place, but only one—Henry, the Earl of Derby, son of the Duke of Lancaster. After fighting for some time, Henry, exhausted and despairing, entered the nearby river. Among the many present, Thomas de Mortimer (age 37), a knight, urged him either to come ashore or be pierced with arrows in the river without a doubt. "If I come ashore," said Thomas, "will you spare my life?" "I make no such promise," replied the knight, "but either come ashore or you will soon perish." To this, Thomas responded, "If that is the case, allow me to come ashore and fight you or any one of you, so that I may die as a man." As he began to ascend, the knight grabbed him by the helmet and pulled it off his head. Immediately, drawing a dagger, the knight pierced Thomas's brain, killing him.
Erat ibi tune dictus Thomas Mulinewes, qui se praparavit ad pugnam, quia nondum Domini cuncti convenerant ad illum locum, sed unus tantum, filius Ducis Lancastriæ, Henricus, Comes Derbeyæ; qui, cum aliquandin pugnasset, fessus et desperans flumen, quod prope erat, ingressus est. Inter multos vero, Thomas de Mortuo Mari, miles, hortabatur ut ascenderet, vel sine dubio eum in flumine sagittis perforaret. "Si," inquit Thomas, "ascendam, visne servare vitam meam ?" "Non hoc promitto," ait miles, "sed vel ascendas vel occumbes mox." Cui ille,—"Si sic," inquit, "necesse est, sinas ut ascendam et tecum, vel quocunque vestrum, pugnem, ut moriar sicut homo." In ascendendo autem cepit eum miles per cassidem, et de capite suo traxit, et mox, extracto cultello daggardo, ejus cerebrum perforavit.
On 19 Dec 1387 an army of the Lords Appellant led by the future King Henry IV of England (age 20) prevented the forces of King Richard II of England (age 20) commanded by Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 25) from crossing the bridge [Map] over the River Thames at Radcot in Oxfordshire. When Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 32) arrived with further Lord Appellant's men the King's men were encircled. The King's men attempted to force the crossing of the bridge at which time the only casualties occurred including Thomas Molyneux (age 49) who was killed by Thomas Mortimer (age 37). Around 800 men drowned in the marshes whilst trying to escape. Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland narrowly escaped to France.
In 1397 Thomas Mortimer (age 47) was charged with treason for having killed Thomas Molyneux at the Battle of Radcot Bridge. Ordered to surrender himself with three months he decided to flee to Scotland.
Merciless Parliament
On 03 Feb 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 04 Jun 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.
Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.
Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.
On 19 Feb 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 25 Mar 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church, Greyfriars [Map].
On 05 May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 12 May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.
Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.
Walter Clopton pronounced the death sentences.