Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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Kingdom of Italy

Kingdom of Italy is in Italian Royalty.

King Italy

In 844 Louis II King Italy Holy Roman Emperor (age 19) succeeded II King Italy.

On 25th December 961 Otto I King Germany I King Italy Holy Roman Emperor (age 49) was appointed I King Italy. Adelaide Welf Holy Roman Empress (age 30) by marriage Queen Consort Italy.

On 12th April 996 Otto III King Italy III King Germany III Holy Roman Emperor (age 15) was appointed III King Italy.

On 10th June 1190 Frederick "Barbarossa" Hohenstaufen I Holy Roman Emperor (age 68) drowned in the Saleph River whilst on the journey of pilgrimage to Jerusalem. His son Henry (age 24) succeeded VI Holy Roman Emperor and King Italy.

Queen Consort Italy

On 5th October 851 Louis II King Italy Holy Roman Emperor (age 26) and Engelberga Spoleto Holy Roman Empress were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Italy. He the son of Lothair Holy Roman Emperor (age 56) and Ermengarde Tours Queen Consort Bavaria Queen Consort Middle Francia.

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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On 25th December 961 Otto I King Germany I King Italy Holy Roman Emperor (age 49) was appointed I King Italy. Adelaide Welf Holy Roman Empress (age 30) by marriage Queen Consort Italy.

On 25th December 980 Otto "Red" II King Germany II Holy Roman Emperor II King Italy (age 25) was appointed II King Italy. Theophanu Unknown Holy Roman Empress by marriage Queen Consort Italy.

Rudolph "Pious" II King Burgundy II King Italy and Bertha Swabia Queen Consort Italy were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Italy. He the son of Rudolph I King Burgundy.