Ordinaries is in Terms.
Joicey Arms. Argent three lozenges Sable within two bendlets invected gules between two miners' picks in bend proper. Source.
Nelson Arms. Or, a cross flory sable a bendlet gules. Source.
Bendy is a pattern of diagonal stripes (bendlet), running from top-left to bottom-right.
Crusilly. Sprinkled. Similar, if not the same as Semée.
Beresford Arms. Argent, crusilly fitchée sable, three fleurs-de-lis within a bordure engrailed of the second. Source.
Orle. A border around the edge of the shield composed of charges.
Brownlow Arms. Or an escutcheon within an orle of martlets sable. Source
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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Pale. Vertically. Usually a vertical stripe, sometimes an animal.
Brandon Arms. Barry of ten argent and gules, a lion rampant or ducally crowned per pale of the first and second. Source.
Plantagenet Arms. Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure. Source.
Giffard Arms. Gules Three lions passant guardant or in pale or.
Normandy Arms. Gules, two lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure. Source.
Strange Arms. Argent, two lions passant in pale gules. Source.
Semée. Seeded like the field being sown.
Brunswick Luneburg Arms. Per pale, I gules two lions passant guardant or (for Brunswick), II or a semy of hearts gules a lion rampant azure (for Lunenburg).
Clifton Arms. Sable semée of cinquefoils and a lion rampant argent. Source.
Darcy Arms. Azure semée of cross crosslets argent, three cinquefoils of the last. Source.
France Ancient Arms. Azure semy-de-lis or. Source.
Holand Arms. Azure, semée-de-lys argent, a lion rampant. Source.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Pierrepoint Arms. Argent, semée of cinquefoils gules, a lion rampant sable. Source.
Tressure. A subordinary. A line or two lines forming a border. Possibly a diminutive of the orle.
Duke Atholl Arms.
Earl Atholl Arms overall, an inescutcheon en surtout azure three mullets argent within a double tressure flory or ensigned of a Marquess's coronet. Source.
Bowes Lyon Arms. Quarterly 1&4 Argent a lion rampant azure, armed and langued gules within a double tressure flory counter-flory of the second (for Lyon); 2&3 ermine three bows stringed palewise in fess proper (for Bowes).
Marquess Zetland Arms.
Dundas Arms within a double tressure flory counterflory gules, all within a bordure azure. Source.
Dunkeld Arms. Or a lion rampant gules armed and langued azure a double tressure flory counter-flory gules.
Murray Arms. Azure, three mullets argent, within a double tressure flory counter-flory or. Source.
Earl Roseberry Arms. Quarterly, 1&4 vert, three primroses within a double tressure flory counter-flory or (for Primrose); 2&3 argent, a lion rampant double queued sable (for Cressy). Source.
Stewart Royal Arms. Or a lion rampant gules armed and langued azure within a double tressure flory counter-flory of the second.
Vair describes the pattern made frrom squirrel furs.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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