Earl Richmond is in Earldoms of England Alphabetically.
1204 Death of Arthur Duke of Brittany
18th February 1478 Execution of George Duke of Clarence
There have been eight creations of Earl Richmond:
1st. 1136. Alan "Black" Penthièvre 1st Earl Richmond. Extinct. 1221.
2nd. 1218. Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany. Extinct. 26th December 1458.
3rd. April 1240. Peter of Savoy 1st Earl of Richmond. Merged with the Crown. 15th May 1268.
4th. 30th April 1341. Robert III Artois. Extinct. 6th October 1342.
5th. 1351. John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster. Renounced. September 1372.
6th. 24th November 1413. John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford. Extinct. 14th September 1435. Death of John of Bedford.
7th. 15th December 1449. Edmund Tudor 1st Earl Richmond. Merged with the Crown. 30th October 1485. Coronation of Henry VII.
8th. 1461. George York 1st Duke of Clarence. Forfeit. 6th July 1483. Coronation of King Richard III.
See Earldoms of England Chronologically, Succeeded Countesses of England, Extinct Earldoms of England.
Summary
1136. Alan "Black" Penthièvre 1st Earl Richmond 1099-1146 [aged 36] created.
15th September 1146. Son Conan "The Young" Penthièvre IV Duke Brittany 1138-1171 [aged 8] succeeded.
20th February 1171. Son Constance Penthièvre Duchess Brittany [aged 10] succeeded.
5th September 1201. Son Prince Arthur 3rd Duke Brittany [aged 14] succeeded.
1204. Son Alix Thouars Duchess of Brittany 1201-1221 [aged 2] succeeded. See Death of Arthur Duke of Brittany.
1221. Alix Thouars Duchess of Brittany 1201-1221 extinct.
In 1136 Alan "Black" Penthièvre 1st Earl Richmond 1099-1146 [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
Before 1138 Alan "Black" Penthièvre 1st Earl Richmond 1099-1146 [aged 38] and Bertha Canhiart I Duchess Brittany [aged 13] were married. She by marriage Countess Richmond. The difference in their ages was 25 years. She the daughter of Conan "Fat" Canhiart III Duke Brittany [aged 41] and Matilda Fitzroy Duchess Brittany. He the son of Stephen Penthièvre Count Tréguier 1060-1136 and Hawise Guingamp. They were half second cousin once removed. She a granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
On 15th September 1146 Alan "Black" Penthièvre 1st Earl Richmond 1099-1146 [aged 46] died at Brittany [Map]. His succeeded son Conan [aged 8] succeeded 2nd Earl Richmond.
On 20th February 1171 Conan "The Young" Penthièvre IV Duke Brittany 1138-1171 [aged 33] died. His succeeded daughter Constance [aged 10] succeeded Duchess Brittany, 3rd Countess Richmond.
On 5th September 1201 Constance Penthièvre Duchess Brittany [aged 40] died. Her succeeded son Prince [aged 14] succeeded 3rd Duke Brittany, 4th Earl Richmond.
In 1204 Prince Arthur 3rd Duke Brittany [aged 16] was murdered at Rouen, France [Map]. His succeeded half sister Alix [aged 2] succeeded 5th Countess Richmond. His half-sister Eleanor "Fair Maid of Britanny" 4th Countess of Richmond [aged 20], who was imprisoned from 1202 to her death, also used the title Countess of Richmond.
In or before 1217 Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany [aged 29] and Alix Thouars Duchess of Brittany 1201-1221 [aged 15] were married. He by marriage Duke Brittany 1221 Dreux, Earl Richmond. She the daughter of Guy Thouars 1140-1213 and Constance Penthièvre Duchess Brittany. He the son of Robert Capet II Count Dreux [aged 62] and Yolande Coucy Countess Dreux [aged 52]. They were fourth cousins. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
In 1221 Alix Thouars Duchess of Brittany 1201-1221 [aged 19] died. Earl Richmond extinct. It isn't clear why her son didn't inherit the title? Her husband had been created Earl Richmond in his own right in 1218 so possible her son didn't inherit the first, contested, creation since he would succeed to the second creation.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 2nd October 1386 John Montfort V Duke Brittany [aged 47] and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England [aged 16] were married at Saillé [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Brittany 1221 Dreux, Countess Richmond. His third marriage, her first. The marriage proceeded when her father Charles "Bad" II King Navarre [aged 53] agreed to give his daughter 120,000 gold francs and to pay 6,000 francs owed to John, duke of Brittany, for the rent of certain lands. He, John, gave her the cities of Nantes [Map] and Guerrand [Map]. The difference in their ages was 31 years. She the daughter of Charles "Bad" II King Navarre and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
Summary
1218. Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany [aged 31] created.
1235. Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany forfeit.
1268. Son John "The Red" Capet I Duke Brittany [aged 50] restored.
8th October 1286. Son John II Duke Brittany [aged 47] succeeded.
1296. John II Duke Brittany forfeit.
15th October 1306. Son John Capet 4th Earl Richmond [aged 40] restored.
17th January 1334. Son John III Duke Brittany [aged 47] succeeded.
30th April 1341. John III Duke Brittany forfeit.
1372. Son John Montfort V Duke Brittany [aged 33] restored.
1st November 1399. Son Arthur Montfort III Duke Brittany [aged 6] succeeded.
26th December 1458. Arthur Montfort III Duke Brittany extinct.
In 1218 Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
In 1235 Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany [aged 48]. Earl Richmond since he was then aligned to the Kingdom of France.
In 1268 John "The Red" Capet I Duke Brittany [aged 50] was restored 2nd Earl Richmond.
On 8th October 1286 John "The Red" Capet I Duke Brittany [aged 68] died. His succeeded son John [aged 47] succeeded 2nd Duke Brittany 1221 Dreux, 3rd Earl Richmond.
Around 1296 John II Duke Brittany [aged 57] was deprived of the Earldom of Richmond since he had begun to support France.
On 15th October 1306 John Capet 4th Earl Richmond [aged 40] was restored 4th Earl Richmond.
On 17th January 1334 John Capet 4th Earl Richmond [aged 68] died. His succeeded nephew John [aged 47] succeeded 5th Earl Richmond.
On 30th April 1341 John III Duke Brittany [aged 55] died at Caen [Map]. Earl Richmond suspended. The succession of the Duchy of Brittany was disputed between Joan "Lame" Capet Countess Penthièvre 1319-1384 [aged 22] and John Montfort IV Duke Brittany 1295-1345 [aged 46] leading to the War of the Breton Succession. His succeeded niece Joan succeeded Duchess Brittany 1221 Dreux. Charles of Blois Duke Brittany [aged 22] by marriage Duke Brittany 1221 Dreux. His succeeded half brother John succeeded IV Duke Brittany 1221 Dreux. Joanna of Flanders Duchess Brittany [aged 46] by marriage Duchess Brittany 1221 Dreux.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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In 1372 John Montfort V Duke Brittany [aged 33] was restored 6th Earl Richmond. Joan Holland Duchess Brittany 1350-1384 [aged 22] by marriage Countess Richmond.
On 1st November 1399 John Montfort V Duke Brittany [aged 60] died. His succeeded son John [aged 9] succeeded V Duke Brittany 1221 Dreux. His succeeded son Arthur [aged 6] succeeded 7th Earl Richmond.
On 26th December 1458 Arthur Montfort III Duke Brittany [aged 65] died. Earl Richmond extinct.
Summary
April 1240. Peter of Savoy 1st Earl of Richmond 1203-1268 [aged 37] created.
15th May 1268. Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England [aged 45] merged with the crown.
In April 1240 Peter of Savoy 1st Earl of Richmond 1203-1268 [aged 37] was created 1st Earl Richmond although he never used the title. He had been granted the honour of Richmond rather than the Earldom.
On 15th May 1268 Peter of Savoy 1st Earl of Richmond 1203-1268 [aged 65] died. He left the Honour of Richmond to his niece Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England [aged 45] who transferred it to the crown.
Summary
30th April 1341. Robert III Artois 1287-1342 [aged 54] created.
6th October 1342. Robert III Artois 1287-1342 extinct.
After 30th April 1341 Robert III Artois 1287-1342 [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
Between 6th October 1342 and 20th November 1342 Robert III Artois 1287-1342 [aged 55] died. Earl Richmond extinct.
Summary
1351. John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 10] created. See 1351 Creation of Peers.
September 1372. John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster renounced.
In 1351 Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 41] was created 1st Duke Lancaster by King Edward III of England [aged 38]. Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster [aged 31] by marriage Duchess Lancaster.
Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 12] was created 1st Earl of Ulster.
John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 10] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford [aged 49] was created 1st Earl Stafford.
On 19th May 1359, or thereabouts, a double-royal wedding celebration took place at Reading Abbey, Berkshire [Map] whereby two children of King Edward III of England [aged 46] were married:
John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 19] and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Countess Richmond. She the daughter of Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 49] and Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster [aged 39]. He the son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England [aged 48]. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 11] and Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Pembroke 1346-1361 [aged 12] were married. At the time John Hastings 2nd Earl Pembroke was a ward of King Edward III of England who would enjoy the benefit of the substantial revenue of the Earldom of Pembroke until John came of age nine years later in 1368. She died two or so years later probably of plague. She the daughter of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England. He the son of Laurence Hastings 1st Earl Pembroke and Agnes Mortimer Countess of Pembroke [aged 42]. They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King John of England.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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In September 1372 John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 32] surrendered the Earldom of Richmond to his father King Edward III [aged 59].
Summary
24th November 1413. John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford [aged 24] created.
14th September 1435. John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford extinct. See Death of John of Bedford.
On 24th November 1413 John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford [aged 24] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
On 14th September 1435 John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford [aged 46] died at Rouen Castle [Map] without legitimate issue. Duke Bedford, Duke Bedford, Earl Kendal and Earl Richmond extinct. Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester [aged 44] became heir to the throne.
Summary
15th December 1449. Edmund Tudor 1st Earl Richmond [aged 19] created.
3rd November 1456. Son King Henry VII of England and Ireland succeeded.
30th October 1485. Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 67] merged with the crown. See Coronation of Henry VII.
On 15th December 1449 Edmund Tudor [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Richmond by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 28].
On 1st November 1455 Edmund Tudor 1st Earl Richmond [aged 25] and Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 12] were married at Bletsoe Castle [Map]. She by marriage Countess Richmond. She the daughter of John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp Duchess Somerset [aged 45]. He the son of Owen Tudor [aged 55] and Catherine of Valois Queen Consort England. They were half fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 3rd November 1456 Edmund Tudor 1st Earl Richmond [aged 26] died of plague at Carmarthen Castle [Map] leaving his thirteen year old wife Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 13] pregnant with their child Henry Tudor, the future King Henry VII. His succeeded son Henry Tudor succeeded 2nd Earl Richmond posthumously.
On 30th October 1485 King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 28] was crowned VII King of England by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 67] at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Earl Richmond merged with the crown. Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 42], his mother, attended.
Robert Dymoke [aged 24] attended as the Kings' Champion.
John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford [aged 43] carried the King's train.
Summary
1461. George York 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 11] created.
18th February 1478. King Richard III of England [aged 25] succeeded. See 18th February 1478 Execution of George Duke of Clarence.
6th July 1483. Anne Neville Queen Consort England [aged 27] forfeit. See Coronation of King Richard III.
In or after 1461 George York 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 11] was created 1st Earl Richmond. The seventh creation was still extant being held by King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 3] which was not recognised by the House of York.
On 18th February 1478 George York 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 28] was drowned in a butt of wine (Malmsey) wine in the Bowyer Tower in the Tower of London [Map]. "in a butt of Malmsey wine" may refer to 1. a butt full of Malmsey wine or 2. a butt that once contained Malmsey wine that was subsequently re-used for another purpose such as washing or bathing.
William Hussey [aged 35] conducted the impeachment of the Duke of Clarence for treason.
Richard, Duke of Gloucester [aged 25] succeeded 2nd Earl Richmond.
The only other person known to have been executed, or ritually killed, by drowning in a butt of wine is Muirchertach mac Muiredaig High King of Ireland -534 (as reported by the Annals of Ulster) in his case at Newgrange Passage Tomb [Map].
On 6th July 1483 King Richard III of England [aged 30] and his wife Anne Neville [aged 27] at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Duke Gloucester, Earl Richmond forfeit merged with the Crown. Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 65] officiated. Anne Neville Queen Consort England by marriage Queen Consort England.
John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk [aged 58] was appointed Lord High Steward. William Brandon [aged 58], Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel [aged 33], Thomas St Leger [aged 43], Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby [aged 50], Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England [aged 46], Elizabeth York Duchess Suffolk [aged 39], Giles Daubeney 1st Baron Daubeney [aged 32] and Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland [aged 59] attended.
Robert Dymoke [aged 22] attended as the Kings' Champion.
Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent [aged 66] carried The Pointed Sword of Justice. Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 40] carried the Crown. Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell [aged 27] carried the Third Sword of State. John de la Pole 2nd Duke of Suffolk [aged 40] carried the Sceptre. John de la Pole Earl Lincoln 1st [aged 21] carried the Cross and Ball. Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham [aged 28] carried the king's train. Edward Stafford 2nd Earl Wiltshire [aged 13] bore the Queen's Crown.
Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby [aged 48] carried the Lord High Constable's Mace. Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 40] held Queen Anne's train. Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland [aged 34] carried The Blunt Sword of Mercy. Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby [aged 30] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland attended.
Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York [aged 68] refused to attend the Coronation of King Richard III. History doesn't record her reason.
