Therfore your lordeship shall understande, that Philip, by the grace of God king of England, Fraunce, Naples, Hierusalem, and Irelande, and sonne to the most fortunate and most victorious monarche Charles the fifth¹ of that name, nowe emperour of Rome, arrived to the coast of Englande, with a navie of vii. score saile, and landed at Southampton in Hamshire, within ten mile of the citie of Winchester, on friday the xx. day of July last, at iii. of the clocke at afternone². At which towne, the quenes majestie being seven mile from thens, the lordes of the coullsel and diverse other noble men most lovyngly welcomed him; where in the meane season my lord the erll of Arundel, lord steward of Englande, put a very riche garter about his left legge. And there, to recreat him selfe after the sea, with suche noble men as came with him, he continued friday, satterday, and sundaye.

Note 1. Misprinted first in the original.

Note 2. Some particulars of Philip's arrival not elsewhere recorded are given in the report made by the French ambassador to his master (Ambassades de Noailles, iii. 284.) It states that, "when the marquis de las Naves found that the prince was not far from land, he placed himself in a boat with the earl of Surrey [grandson of the Duke of Norfolk], the lord Maltravers eldest son of the earl of Arundel, lord Strange eldest son of the earl of Derby, lord Talbot eldest son of the earl of Shrewsbury, [lord Herbert of Cardiff] eldest son of the earl of Pemhroke, and a sixth young nobleman, and proceeded to the ship in which the prince was; to whom he presented the said English lords to be gentlemen of his chamber, to which he assented very graciously.

"The earls of Arundel, Derby, Shrewsbury, Pembroke, and other lords of the council of England, went into a barge richly adorned and gilt, and expressly prepared in order to land the prince; and repaired to his ship, in which the earl of Arundel presented him with the order of the garter, which was immediately put on him by the herald of the order. Then were read the laws, customs, and ordinances of the kingdom, which the said prince swore to maintain and cause to be observed. [These were, more probably, the laws of the order of the garter. Some accounts, as in the text, state that the garter was presented to Philip on his coming on shore; but Ashmole, p. 308, describes his investiture as having taken place before he landed.]

"Then he entered into the said barge to come to land with the said lords of the council, taking with him of his own lords only the dukes of Alva and Medina Celi, the admiral of Castille, and don Rui Gomez, who had been his governor, and was still the person by whose judgment he was chiefly guided.

"At the landing from the barge, sir Anthony Browne was waiting at the waterside holding by the bridle a hackney richly housed and harnessed, who, immediately the prince had placed his foot on shore, knelt and made a speech in Latin, giving him to understand that he had received the honour of being retained in the prince's service, before his arrival, in the office of master of the horses; and that, although he had already taken the oath of allegiance to his ambassador, yet that he again begged his majesty right humbly to be pleased to receive him as one of his most faithful, humble, and loyal subjects and servants. To which the prince listened favourably, and raised him very graciously. Then, the said Browne having kissed the stirrop of the hackney, the prince mounted thereon

"From this spot he went straightways to the church of [the Holy Rood in] Southampton, the English and Spanish lords accompanying him on foot, bareheaded; and, after he had returned thanks to God, he was brought to his lodging; where, after the lords of the council of England were assembled, he delivered to them a long discourse of the occasion of his coming into this kingdom, and how he had not left his own countries to increase or augment his estate or tbe greatness of his power or riches, for God, by his grace, had given him such share of them that he had as good reason to be content as any prince living; but, His divine goodness having summoned him to be the husband of the queen their mistress, he would not refuse His divine will, and for this purpose he had crossed the sea to live with the said lady and them, assuring them that, whilst they continued in their good mind to be faithful, obedient, and loyal to him as they promised him, he would be to them a right good and loving prince.

"This evening, after supper, the prince came into his presence-chamber, where were a great number of English gentleman, with whom he conversed privately, and among others with the lord admiral, to whom he showed great favour, and told him that he was come to marry in this country without having brought wherewith to dress or attire himself so richly as the greatness of the queen deserved; but that he hoped that the foot cloth of the hackney which that lady had sent him might serve him for a costly vestment; meaning thereby to enhance the richness of that foot-cloth. [The queen appears afterwards to have given him his bridal dress. See a note to the marriage ceremony hereafter, Appendix XI.]

"Soon after the collation was brought in, with a great number of silver pots and ewers, full of wine, beer, and ale, according to the custom of the country. Then he addressed the Spanish lords who were about him, and told them they must at once forget all the customs of Spain, and live in all respects after the English fashion, in which he was determined to begin and show them the way; so he ordered some beer to be brought him, and drank of it." See in the Italian Relation of England (printed for the Camden Society,) at pp. l0, 21, the remarks which the peculiarity of the English in drinking beer and ale were wont to elicit from foreigners.

Than the next munday, which was the xxiv. of Juli, his highnes came to the citie of Winchester¹ at vi. of the clocke at nighte, the noble men of Englande and his nobles riding, one with another, before him, in good order, through the citie, every one placed according to his vocacion and office, he riding on a faire white horse, in a riche coate embroidered with gold, his doublet, hosen, and hat suite-like, with a white fether in his hat very faire. And after he lighted he came the hie waye towardes the weast dore of the cathedrall churche, where he was most reverently received wyth procession² by my lorde the bishop of Winchester, now lord chaunceller of England, and v. other bishops, mitred, coped, and staved, where also, after he had kneled, kissed the crucifix, and done his praier, he ascended from thens v. steps upon a skafholde which was made for the solemnizacion of his marriage: and untill he came to the quere doore, the procession song Laus, honor et virtus. And after he had entred the quere, and perceaved the moste holy sacrament, he put of his cap, and went bare-headed with great humilitie, until he entred his seate or travers as they cal it, where after he had kneled, my lorde chaunellor began Te Deum Laudamus, and the quere, together with the organs, song and plaied the rest. Whiche beeng doen, he was brought with torch-light to the deanes house, the lordes going before him, and the quenes garde in their riche coates standing al the way: whiche house was very gorgeously prepared for him, adjoinilig to my lorde the bishop of Winchester's palace, where the quenes highnes then lay, not passing a paire of but-lengthes betwene. Thys nighte, after he had sopped, at x. of the clocke (as I am crediblye informed), he was brought by the counsell a privie waye to the quene³, where her grace verye lovyngly, yea, and most joyfullye receyved him. And after they had talked together half an hour they kissed, and departed. I am crediblie informed also that at his departing he desired the quenes highnes to teache hym what he should say to the lordes in English⁴, at his departing: and she told him he should say, "Good night, my lordes all." And as he came by the lordes, he said as the quene had taught him.

Note 1. Of Philip's journey to Winchester some details will be found in Miss Strickland's Life of Queen Mary, derived from the Italian narrative of Baoardo, to which the present Editor has not access.

Note 2. Misprinted profession in the original.

Note 3. "About nine in the evening the earl of Arundel, with the great chamberlain, paid him a visit, and after some conversation, being joined by the count d' Egmont, conducted the prince to the queen secretly. This was the first time that they had seen each other." Narrative in the archives of Louvaine, printed in Tytler, ii. 430.

Note 4. Their conversation had been "in the Spanishe tongue," as it is expressly stated in Fabyan's chronicle.

Then wedinsdaye, being Sanct James daie, the xxv. of July, his highnes (at x. of the clocke) and his nobles before him, went to the cathedral churche, and remayned there (the dores beyng very straightlie kepte) untill the quenes highnes came: whose magestie, with al her counsel and nobilitie before her, came thyther at half houre to aleven. And entring at the west dore of the said cathedrall churche (where her grace was receaved the satterday before, in like manner as his highnes was the munday following,) her majestie ascended the foresaid steps, and came towardes the quere dore: where a little without the same dore was made a round mount of bordes, ascendyng also five steps above the skafholde. On which mount, immediatelye after her magestie and the king were shreven, they were maried by my lord the bishop of Winchester lord chancellour of Inglande, her magestye standing on the right side of the said mount, and the king on the left side. And this the mariage being ended¹ and solemnizated, which with the biddinges and the banes ther of was declared and done by the said lord chauncelor, both in Latin and English, his lordship declared also there: How that the emperours magestie resigned, under his emperial seale, the kingdomes of Naples and Hierusalem to his sonne Philip prince of Spain, wherby it might well appeare to all men that the quenes highnes was then maried, not only to a prince, but also unto a king. The quenes mariage ring was a plain hoope of gold without any stone in it: for that was as it is said her pleasure, because maydens were so maried in olde tymes. Thys (as I have saide) being ended and done, the erle of Darbey beefore the quenes magestie, and the erle of Pembroke before the kinges highnes, did bere ech of them a swerd of honour. And so both their majesties entered the quere hande in hand under a canapye borne by iiij. knightes towardes the hie altar, where after they had kneled a while with ech of them a taper, they arose, and tbe quene went to a seate or travers of the right hande of the altar, and the kinge to another seate of the left hand, where they continued thus several in their meditacions and praiers untill the gospell was saied, and then they came out, and kneled all the hie masse tyme openly before the hie aultar, the care clothe beeyng holden, as the maner is². Where duryng hie masse tyme the quenes chapell matched with the quire, and the organs, used suche swete proporcyon of musicke and harmonye, as the like (I suppose) was never beefore invented or harde. The hie masse beeing done, whiche was celebrated and sayd by my lorde the bishop of Winchester, having to his coadjutors the five bishops aforesaid, that is to say, the bishops of Duresm, Ely, London, Lincolne, and Chichestre, (wherin both the princes offering rich jewels, and delivering their tapers, yea and the kinges highnes at the Agnus Dei kissyng the celebrator, according to the ceremonies of mariages used in holy catholicke churches,) the king of heroldes openly, in presence of both their magesties and the whole audience, solempnly proclaymed this their new stile and title in Latin, Frenche, and in Englishe.

Note 1. The ceremonial of the marriage, as recorded by the English heralds, forms the next article of this Appendix.

Note 2. i. e. over the heads: see Nares's Glossary and Brand's Antiquities. Its derivation is probably f'rom quarré, square.

And when they came to the drawe-bridge, there they made the fyrst staye, where there was in the hight thereof a fayre table, holden up with two greate giauntes, the one named Corineus Britannus, aml the other Gogmagog Albionus. In which table, in a field silver, with faire Romaine letters of sable, these xii. verses following were wrytten:

Unica Caesarae stirpis spes inclite princeps,

Cui Deus imperium totius destinat orbis,

Gratus et optatus nostras accedis ad oras.

Ecce sagittipotens tibi tota Britania dextram

Porrigit, et gremium tibi nobilis Anglia pandit,

Te tamen in primis urbs Londoniensis honorat,

Incolumemque suum gaudet venisse Philippum,

Ipsa suis sentit charum te civibus esse,

Note E. fore foelicem tali se principe credit.

Teque putant omnes missum divinitus urbi,

Cujus mens, studium, vox, virtus, atque voluntas

Gaudet, et in clari consentit amore Philippi.

That is to say,

O noble Prince, sole hope of Caesar's side,

Note B. God apointed all the world to gyde,

Right hartely welcome art thou to our land,

The archer Britayne yeldeth the hir hand,

And noble England openeth her bosome

Of hartie affection for to bid the welcome.

But chiefly London doth her love vouchsafe,

Rejoysing that her Philip is come safe.

She seith her citisens love thee on eche side,

And trustes they shal be happy of such a gide:

And al do thinke thou art sent to their citie

Note B. th' only meane of God's paternall pitie,

So that their minde, voice, study, power, and will,

Is onlie set to love the, Philippe, still

And at the signe of the Splaied Eagle they made a seconde staie, where the first pagent was devysed and made by the marchaunt straungers of the Stilliarde. Where emongest divers notable stories, there was in the top therof a picture of tbe king sitting on horssebacke, all armed verye gorgeously, and richly set out to the quicke. Under which picture were written in field silver with fayre Romaine letters of sable, these wordes folowinge after this maner:

Divo Phi. Aug. Max. Hispaniarum principi exoptatissimo.

That is to saye,

"In hononr of worthy Philip the fortunate and most mighty Prince of Spaine, most earnestly wyshed for."

And under that were wrytten in a field blue, whiche heroldes call azure, with faire Romaine letters of silver, these two verses folowinge:

Constantem fortemque animum, ter magne Philippe, Nec spes a recto, nec metus acer agit.

That is to saye,

Most mighty Philip, neither hope nor fear may frighte Thy stronge and valiaunt hart away from ryghte.

Whiche picture, and al other notable stories and wrytinges in the saide pagent, pleasing their magesties very wel, they marched forward untill they came to Cornewall¹, where the conduite [Map] also there being very excellentlye painted, at the west end of the strete was the seconde pagent, which was ryght excellently handled and set out, where their magesties made the thirde staye. In whiche pagente were foure lively persons, which represented the foure moste noble Philips, of whose most noble actes and doinges we read in auncient stories. That is to saye, Philip kyng of Macedonia, Philip the Romayn Emperour, Philip duke of Burgundy surnamed Bonus, and Philip duke of Burgundy surnamed Audax; betwixt which foure princes, two beying of the right side of the pagent, and two of the leaft, there was a fayre table, wherin were written in a fielde azure, with Romaine letters of silver, these viii. verses folowyng:

Quatuor a priscis accepimus esse Philippos,

Quorum per totum celebratur gloria mundum.

Nobilitas primum summa decoravit honore,

Prosperitate facit clarum fortuna secundum,

Tertius aeterna bonitatis laude refulget,

Quartus bellator fortis memoratur et audax;

Sed tua nobilitas, fortuna, audatia, virtus,

Omnibus his praestat, vincisque Philippe Philippos.

That is to saye,

We read in time past Philips have bene foure,

Whose glory throwghout al the worlde is blowen;

The first through noble bloud past all before,

The secondes matche in good succes unknowen;

The third for goodnes gat eternall fame,

The forthe for boldnes used agaynst hys fone;

In birth, in fortune, boldnes, vertuous name,

Thou Philip passest these Phillips fower, alone.

Note 1. See before, in p. 80.

This pageante, with the stories therein contained, liking the kinges highnes and the quene wonderous wel, they passed towardes Chepeside, and at the easte ende therof, the conduite there also being finely paynted and trimmed, they made the fourth staye, where the thirde pageante was made. In the height wherof was one playing on a harpe, who signified the most ex ellent musician Orpheus, of whom and of Amphion we reade in the fables of old poetes; where also were nyne faire ladyes playing and singing on divers swete instrumentes, signifying the nine Muses. And not farre from them were men and children decked up like wilde beastes, as lions, wolfes, foxes, and beares. So that the moste swete strokes, Doyse, and soundes of Orpheus, with the nyne Muses playing and singinge, in the sayd pageant, and also the counterfeated beastes daunsing and leaping with Orpheus harpe and the Muses melodye, exhilarated and rejoysed their majesties very much. Under Orpheus, in a field silver, with faire Romaine letters of sable, were written in a very faire table these viii. verses followinge:

Eloquii claro ditatus munere princeps

Voce sua cives dectet, quocunque lubebit.

Hoc veteres olim docuere per Orphea vates,

Qui movisse feras cantus dulcedine fertur,

Sic tua sola tuos dicendi copia cives

Excitat, et moestae prebet solatia menti.

Ergo tibi merito magnas agit Anglia grates,

Anglia que solo gaudet dicente Philippo.

That is to saye,

The prince that hath the gift of eloquenoe

May bend his subjectes to his most behove,

Which in old time was shewed by covert sence

In Orpheus whose song did wilde beastes move.

In like case now thy grace of spech so franke

Doth comforte us, whose mindes afore were bleke,

And therefore England geveth the harty thanke,|

Whose chiefest joye is to hear thee, Philip, speke.

Their majesties being satisfyed with the sighte of that pageant, they marched from thence, and passinge through Chepeside, where they perceiving the crosse therof, which was with fine gold richely gilded, they staied a litle lookinge thereon, whiche was (no doute it is) unto them a right excellent view, where also the kinges highnes, perceaving the crucifix in the top therof, very humblie put of his cap. Thys sene, they marched forwarde, and at the west end of Chepe they made the fyft staye, where was the fourth and most excellent pageant of al, wherein was contained, declared, and shewed their most noble genealogy from kinge Edward the third, which genealogie was most excellently and moste ingeniously set out, with a great arboure or tree; under the roote wherof was an olde man liinge on his left side, with a long white beard and close crowne on his head, and a sceptour in his ryght hand, and a ball imperial in his lefte; which olde man signified kinge Edward the third, of whom both their majesties are lineally descended; which greene arbour or tree grewe up of both the sides, with braunches, whereon did sit young faire children, which represented the persons of such kinges, quenes, princes, dukes, earles, lordes, and ladies, as descended from the said king Edward the iii. unto their daies, whose names were written above their heades in fieldes azure, in faire tables, with Roman letters of silver. Where also in the top of the said arbour or tre, was a quene of the right hande, and a king of the left, which presented their magesties; above whose heades was written their new stile and title, with fayre Roman letters of sable in a fielde golde; and above that, in the height of al, wer both their armes joined in one, under one crown emperial. And finally, under the old man whiche lay under the rote of the arbour, and signified (as I have said) king Edward the third, were written these v. verses folowinge, in a field silver, with letters of gold:

Si te bellipotens veterum juvat Anglia regum

Gloria, quae summis quondam te laudibus auxit,

Illorum sobolem Mariam, magnumque Philippum

Diligere, et toto complecti pectore debes.

Quos Deus ex uno communi fonte profectos

Connnbio veterem voluit conjungere stirpem.

That is to saye,

Englande, if thou delite in auncient men

Whose glorious actes thy fame abrod dyd blase,

Both Mary and Philip their offspring ought thou then

With al thy hert to love and to embrace,

Which both descended of one auncient lyne

It hath pleased God by mariage to combyne.

Which pageant beynge throughlye vewed and much commended of their majesties, they wente hence towardes Paules church. And in their way a skoller of Paules skoole, decked up in cloth of gold, delyvered unto the kinges highnes a fayre boke, which he receyved verye jentlie. Where also a fellow came slipping upon a corde, as an arrowe out of a bow, from Paules steple to the grounde, and lighted with his heade forwarde on a greate sort of fether beds: And after he [had] clame up the corde againe, and done certene feates, their majesties lighted, and being in Paules church receaved with procession by the bishop of London, and Te Deum song and ended, they departed, and marched towardes Flete strete, at the condit whereof they made the sixt and last staye, where was the fift and hindermost pagent of all. Wherein was a quene and a king representing their highnes, having of their right side Justicia with a swerd in her hande, and Equitas with a payre of ballaunce; and of theyr left side Veritas wyth a boke in her hande, whereon was written Verbum Dei, and Misericordia with a hearte of golde. Where also from the height of the pageant descended one which signified Sapientia, with a crowne in eche of her handes, whereof the one she put on the head of her that presented the quene, and the other on the head of him that presented the king; under which two wer written, in a field azure, with fayre Roman letters of silver, these .vi. verses folowing:

Qui verax clemensque simul, ac justus et equus,

Virtutisque suam complevit lumine mentem,

Si diadema viro tali Sapientia donet,

Ille gubernabit totum foeliciter orbem.

Note E. quia te talem cognovimus esse, Philippe,

Nos fortunatos fore te regnante putamus.

That is to saye,

When that a man is jentle, just, and true,

With vertuous giftes fulfilled plenteously,

If Wisdome then him with hir crowne endne,

He governe shal the whole world prosperously.

And sith we know thee, Philip, to be such,

While thou shalt reigne we thinke us happy much.

"My lordes all, and you that are the commons of this present parliment assembled, which in effecte is nothing els but tbe state and body of the whole realme, As the cause of my repaire hither hath been both wisely and gravely declared by my lord chaunceller, so before that I entre to the particularities of my commission, I have somewhat to say touching myselfe, and to geve most humble and harti thankes to the king and quenes magesties, and after them to you all, whiche of a man exiled and banisht from this common wealth have restored me to a member of the same: and of a man having no place nether here or els where within this realme, have admitted me in place where to speake and to be heard. Thys I protest unto you al, that though I was exiled my natyve country without just cause, as God knoweth, yet that ingratitude could not putt from me the affeccion and desire that I had to profitt and doe you good. Yf the orfer of my service might have been receaved, it was never to seke: and where that could not be taken, you never failed of my prayer, nor never shall. But leaving the rehersall thereof, and cumming more nere to the matter of my commission, I signifie unto you all that my principall travayl is, for the restitucion of this noble realme to the auncient nobilitie, and to declare unto you, that the Sea Apostolike, from whens I come, hath a special respect to this realme above al other; and not without cause, seing that God himselfe, as it were by providence, hath geven this realme prerogative of nobilitie above other, which to make more playne unto you, it is to be considered that this iland first of all ilandes received the light of Christes religion. For, as stories testifie, it was prima provinciarum quae amplesxa est fidem Christi. For the Brittons being first inhabitauntes of this realme (notwithstandyng the subjeccion of the emperours and heathen princes) dyd receyve Christes fayth from the Apostolike Sea, universally, and not in partes, as other countryes, nor by one and one, as clockes encrease their houres by distinction of tymes, but altogether at ones as it were in a moment. But after that their ill merites or forgeatfulnes of God had deserved expulsion, and that straungers being infidels had possessed this land, yet God of his goodnes not leaving where he ones loved, so illumined the hartes of the Saxons, being heathen men, that they forsoke the darknes of heathen errours, and enbraced the light of Christes religion, so that within small space idolatry and heathen supersticion was utterlye abandoned in this iland. This was a greate prerogative of nobilitie, wherof though the benefite be to be ascribed to God, yet the meane occasion of the same came from the church of Rome, in the faithe of whiche churche we have ever since continued and consented, with the rest of the worlde, in unitye of religion. And to shew further the fervent devotion of the inhabitauntes of this iland towardes the churche of Rome, we rede that divers princes in the Saxons' time, with great travell and expenses, went personally to Rome, as Offa and Adulphus, whiche thought it not inough to shew themselfes obedient to the said see, unles that in their owne personnes they had gon to that same place from whence they had receved so great a grace and benefite. In the time of Carolus Magnus, who first founded the university of Parys, he sent into England for Alcuinus, a great learned man, which first brought learning to that university. Whereby it semeth that the greatest part of the world fet the light of religion from England. Adrian the fourth, being an Englishman, converted Norway from infidelity, which Adrian afterwardes, upon great affection and love that he bare to thys realme, being his native country, gave to Henry the ii. king of England the right and seniory of the dominion of Ireland, whiche pertained to the see of Rome.

"I wil not reherse the manifold benefites that this realme hath receaved from the Apostolike Sea, nor how ready the same hath been to relive us in all our necessities. Nor I wil not rehearse the manifolde miseries and calamities that this realme hath suffred by swarving from that unitie. And even as in thys realme, so in all other countries which, refusing the unitie of the catholike fayth, have followed fantastical doctryne, the like plages have happened. Let Asia, and the empire of Grece, be a spectacle unto the world, who, by swarving from the unitie of the churche of Rome, are brought into captivitie and subjeccion of the Turke. All storyes be full of like examples. And to cum unto latter tyme, loke upon our nie neighbours of Germany, who, by swarving from this unitie, are miserablye afflicted with diversitie of sectes, and devided in factions. What shal I rehearse unto you, the tumultes and effusion of blood that hath happened there in late dayes; or trouble you with the rehersal of those plages that have happened sins this innovacion of religion, whereof you have felt the bitternes, and I have hearde the reporte; of al which matters I can say no more but suche was the misery of the tyme. And see how farre forth this furie went. For those that live under the Turke may frely live after their conscience, and so was it not lawfull here. Yf men examined wel upon what groundes these innovations began, they shall well finde that the rote of thys, as of many other mischiefes, was avarice, and that the lust and carnal affeccion of one man confounded all lawes, both devine and humane; and notwithstandyng all these devises and pollicies practised within thys realme against the church of Rome, they neded not to have loste you, but that they sought rather as frendes to reconcile you, then as enemies to enfeaste you; for they wanted no great offers of the most mightie potentates in all Europe to have ayded the church in that quarell. Then marke the sequel; ther semed by these chaunges to rise a gret face of riches and gayne, which in profe cam to gret misery and lacke. Se howe God then can confounde the wisdome of the wise, and turne unjust pollicy to mere folye, and that thing that semed to be done for reliefe, was cause of playne ruyne and decay. Yet see that goodnes of God, which at no tyme fayled us, but most benignlye offered hys grace, when it was of our partes leaste soughte, and worste deserved.

"And see howe miraculouslye God of hys goodnes preserved her hyghnes contrarye to the expectacyon of manne. That when numbers conspyred agaynste her, and policies were devised to disherit her, and armed power prepared to destroye her, yet she being a virgin, helples, naked, and unarmed, prevailed, and had the victorye over tyrauntes, which is not to be ascribed to any pollici of man, but to the almighty greate goodnes and providence of God, to whome the honour is to be geven. And therefore it may be sayd Da gloriam Deo. For in mannes judgemente, on her grace's parte was nothinge in apparance but dispayre. And yet for all these practises and devises of ill men, here you se hir grace established in hir estate, being your lawful quene and governes, borne amonge you, whome God hathe appointed to reigne over you, for the restitucion of true religion, and extirpacion of all erroures and sectes. And to confirme her grace the more stronglye in thys enterprise, lo howe the providence of God hath joyned her in mariage with a prince of like religion, who being a kinge of great might, armour, and force, yet useth towardes you neyther armour nor force, but seketh you by the waye of love and amitie, in which respecte greate cause you have to gyve thankes to Almighty God that hathe sent you suche catholyke governours. It shal be therefore your parte againe to love, obey, and serve them. And as it was a singuler favoure of God to conjoyne theym in maryage, so it is not to be doubted but that he shal sende them yssue for the comforte and suerty of thys common wealthe. Of all prynces in Europe, the emperoure hath travayled most in the cause of religion, as it appereth by hys actes in Germany; yet happly by some secret judgement of God he hath not atchieved the ende; with whom in my journey hetherwardes I had conference touchinge my legation, whereof when he had understandinge, he shewed great apperaunce of most ernest joye and gladnes, saying that it rejoyced him no les of the reconcilement of this realme unto christian unitie, then that his sonne was placed by mariage in the kingdome. And most glad of all that the occasion thereof shuld come by me, beinge an Englishemanne borne, whiche is, as it were, to call home oure selves. I can wel compare hym to David, whiche, thoughe he were a manne elected of God, yet, for that he was contaminate with bloode and war, coulde not builde the temple of Jerusalem, but lefte the finishynge thereof to Salomon, whiche was Rex pacificus. So may it be thoughte, that the appeasing of controversies of religion in Christianity, is not appoynted to this emperour, but rather to his sonne, who shal perfourme the buildyng that his father hath begun; which church cannot be perfitly builded without universallye, in all realmes, we adhere to one head, and do acknowledge hym to be the vicar of God, and to have power from above. For al power is of God, accordyng to the saying, Non est potestas nisi a Deo. And therefore I consider that all power being in God, yet for the conservacion of quiet and godly life in the world, he hath derived that power from above into two partes here in earthe, whiche is the power imperial and ecclesiasticall; and these two powers, as they be severall and distinct, so have they two severall effectes and operacions. For seculer princes, to whom the temporall swerde is committed, be ministers of God to execute vengeance upon transgressours and ill livers, and to preserve the wel doers and innocentes from injury and violence, which power is represented in these two most excellent persons, the king and quenes magesties here present, who have this power committed unto them immediatlye from God, wythout any superioure in that behalfe. The other power is of ministracyon, whyche is the power of the keies, and order in the ecclesiastical state, which is by the authoritie of God's word, and examples of the apostles, and of all olde holy fathers, from Christ, hitherto attributed and geven to the Apostolike Sea of Rome, by speciall prerogative. From which sea I am here deputed legate and ambassadour, having full power and ample commission from thence, and have the keyes committed to my handes. I confess to you that I have the keyes not as mine owne keyes, but as the keyes of him that sent me, and yet cannot open, not for want of power in me to gyve, but for certayne impedimentes in you to receave, whiche must be taken awaye before my commission can take effect. This I protest unto you, my commyssion is not of prejudice to anye persone. I cum not to destroy but to build. I cum to reconcyle, not to condemne. I cum not to compel, but to call againe. I am not cum to call any thing in question already done, but my commission is of grace and clemencye to suche as will receave it; for touchinge all matters that be past, they shal bee as thinges cast into the sea of forgetfulnes. But the meane wherby you shal receave this benefit, is to revoke and repeale those lawes and shtutes whiche be impedymentes, blockes, and barres to the execution of my commission. For like as I myself had neyther place nor voice to speake here amonge you, but was to all respectes a banished man, til such time as ye hadde repealed those lawes that laie in my way; even so cannot you receave the benefite and grace offered from the Apostolike Sea, untyll the abrogacion of suche lawes whereby you have disjoyned and dissevered yourselves from the unity of Christes church; it remaineth therefore that you, lyke true christians and provydente men, for the weale of your soules and bodies, ponder what is to be don in this so weightye a cause, and so to frame youre actes and procedinges, as they may tend first to the glorye of God, and next to the conservacion of youre common wealthe, suertye, and quietnes."

He declared also how the said king sente him and ser Henry Knyvet, knyghte, to the emperoure, exhorting his imperial majestie to be intercessour for him to the pope to receyve the supremacye; but it tooke none effect, because the time was not. He declared further, howe in kinge Edwardes dayes the counsell were once mynded to have the pope restored to the supremacy, but the let thereof was in those daies because, as it was supposed, it would have been sayd that the realme could not be defended durynge the kynges minoritie without the pope's adsistaunce. And, finally, he declared how the quenes magestie at her coronacyon thoughte for to have restored the popes holynes to his supremacy, but the tyme (he sayed) was not then. But now (sayd he) the tyme is cum that the kinges and quenes magesties have restored our holy father the pope to his supremacy, and the thre estates assembled in the parliament, representing the whole body of thys noble empire of England and dominions of the same, have submitted themselves to his holynes, and his successours for ever. He declared also, howe that the moste reverende father in God, lorde cardinall Poole, beinge there put¹ by the kinge, was sente in [to] Englande as deputed legate and ambassadoure from the Sea Apostolyke of Rome, havinge full and ample commission from the popes holynes to blesse the realme of Englande. And here also he declared, howe muche bounde Englande is to thanke God, who of his devine providence hath appointed suche a godlye and vertuous prynce as the kynge that now is, he beinge sonne to soo victorious and moste riche an emperour, and he beinge also so riche a prince himselfe, to joyne in mariage with the quenes majestie, who for the moste hartye love that he had to hir hyghnes, lefte his owne countreys, realmes, and regions to strengthen hir most noble grace, and to enriche her empyre of Englande. And so to conclude, his lordshippe declared, that all the premisses being well remembred and consydered of all the audience, and also the kyng and quenes majesties godly procedinges beinge of them and all other theyr true subjectes hartely embraced and faithfully followed, they al then mighte synge with the angell whiche appered to the shepherdes at the natyvytie and birth of oure Savioure Jesus Christ, Gloria in excelsis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus, &c. And finally to say with the prophet and psalmist David, Haec est dies quam fecit Dominus, exaltemus et letemur in ea.

Note 1. So the original, probably an error for present, - seated next the King.

Other newes I have none, but those newes which most joifully rejoyseth all Englande, that the quenes magestie is conceaved with child, whom our Lord long preserve, and send her highnes a gracious delyveraunce. And also, that in Christmasse holydayes, the prynce of Piemont arryved in Englande, and shortly after hym the prince of Orenge, whiche are very pryncely intreated with the king and quenes magesties. And beecause I thought youre lordshipe woulde be somewhat desirous to knowe the stature and shape of this noble prince, the kynges magestie of Englande that nowe is, whom you have not sene, I thought it not muche amysse to descrybe hys person by wryting, that your mynde may conceave that which your iye hath not seen. As for the quenes most excellent magesties person, whose person you have so often tymes sene, I shall not greatlye nede to depainte unto you. Understande, therfore, that touchyng hys higth, I can wel compare hym to John Hume my lord of Jedwardes kinsman¹. Of visage he is well favored, with a brod forhead, and grey iyes, streight nosed, aml manly countenaunce. From the forhead to the point of hys chynne, hys face groweth smal. His pace is princely, and gate so straight and upright, as he leseth no inche of his higthe; with a yeallowe head and a yeallowe berde. And thus to conclude, he is so wel proporcioned of bodi, arme, legge, and every other limme to the same, as nature cannot work a more parfite paterne; and, as I have learned, of the age of xxviii. yeares; whose majesty I judge to bee of a stoute stomake, pregnaunt witted, and of most jentel nature.

The lord of Jedwarth, or Jedburgh, at this time, appears to have been sir John Ker, whose father, sir Andrew Ker, of Fernihurst, had received the offlce of bailiary of Jedburgh forest in 1542, and whose mother was Janet, second daughter of sir Patrick Home, of Polwarth. The "John Hume" here alluded to was probably one of the Johns named in the descent of the earls of Marchmont. Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, by Wood, ii. 174,175.