Of lerned men that liued in the daies of this most famous prince, we find manie, as first Iohn Colet deane of Paules, and founder of the schoole there, he was borne in London of honest parents; William Lillie borne in the town of Odiham in Hampshire, and was the first schoolemaster of Paules schoole after it was erected; Thomas Linacer, or rather Linaker, borne in Darbie, a learned physician, and well séene in the toongs; Iohn Skelton a pleasant poet, Richard Pace that succeeded Iohn Colet in the roome of deane of Paules, Iohn Fisher bishop of Rochester of whome ye haue heard before, Thomas More borne in London of whome mention likewise is made in the life of this famous king; William Horman borne in Salisburie viceprouost of Eaton college, a learned man, as by his works it appeareth; Iohn Frith borne in London, William Tindall, of which two persons ye haue heard likewise in the historie of this king; Robert Wakefield excellentlie seene in toongs, Iohn Rastall a citizen and stationer of London, Christopher Saint German an excellent lawier, Robert Barnes of whom also we haue made mention before.

Sir Thomas Eliot knight, Edward Lée archbishop of Yorke, Iohn Leland a diligent searcher of antiquities, Anne Askew wrote certeine treatises concerning hir examinations, sir Iohn Bourchier knight lord Berners translated the chronicles of sir Iohn Froissard out of French into English, William Chubs, Henrie Standish a frier minor and bishop of saint Assaph wrote against Erasmus for his translation of the new testament, to his small praise as he handled the matter; Thomas surnamed Philomelus a Londoner an excellent poet, William Grocine verie expert in both toongs Gréeke and Latine, Thomas Spenser a Carmelite frier borne in Norwich, Henrie Bullocke, William Latimer, Yoong a moonke of Ramseie, Arnold of London wrote certeine collections touching historicall matters, Thomas Lupset a Londoner a learned yoong man departed this life in the six and thirtith yeare of his age about the yeare of our Lord 1532, he wrote sundrie vertuous treatises; William Melton chancellor of Yorke, Iohn Sowle a Carmelite frier of London and a doctor of diuinitie, Iohn Batemanson a Charterhouse moonke & prior of his house at London, Richard Whitford.

Thomas Altourborne in Norffolke and fellow with Bilneie in suffering persecution vnder cardinall Wolseie, Henrie Bradshaw borne in Chester where he was professed a blacke moonke wrote the life of saint Werbourgh and a certeine chronicle, Iohn Palsgraue a citizen of London wrote instructions for the perfect vnderstanding of the French toong, Iohn Skuish a Cornishman wrote certeine abbreuiations of chronicles with a treatise of the warres of Troie, Anthonie Fitzherbert a iudge wrote an abridgement of the lawe, Iohn Littleton wrote also of the principles of the law but he liued before this season, Wilfride Holme wrote a treatise of the rebellion in Lincolneshire and in the North after the maner of a dialog, Iohn Constable an excellent poet and rhetorician, Iohn Hilier, Edward For student in the kings college in Cambridge was aduanced to the bishops sée of Hereford and was imploied in diuerse amb [...]ssages from king Henrie the seuenth both into Germanie and Italie.

Iohn Lambert aliàs Nichols borne in Norffolke, of whome yee haue heard in the historie of this king, how he suffered for the controuersie of the sacrament; George Fulberie, Iohn Hooker, Thomas Lanquet wrote an epitome of chronicles and also of the winning of Bullongne, Iohn Shepre, Leonard Cox wrote diuerse treatises, one in English rhetorike whereof Bale maketh no mention; Thomas Soulmon borne in the Ile of Gernseie verie studious in histories as by his writings and notes it appeareth, Iohn Longland bishop of Lincolne, Maurice Chancie a Charterhouse moonke, Cutbert Tunstall bishop of Duresme, Richard Samson, Alban Hill a Welshman an excellent physician, Richard Croke verie expert in the Greeke toong, Robert Whittington borne in Staffordshire néere to Lichfield wrote diuerse treatises for the instruction of Grammarians, Iohn Aldrige bishop of Carleill, Iohn Russell gathered a treatise intituled Super iure Caesaris & Papae, he wrote also commentaries in Cantica; William Roie, Simon Fish a Kentishman borne wrote a booke called the supplication of beggers.

Iohn Powell and Edward Powell Welshmen wrote against Luther, Edward died in Smithfield for treason in denieng the kings supremacie in the yeare 1540; Iohn Houghton gouernour of the Charterhouse moonks in London died likewise for treason in the yeare a thousand fiue hundred thirtie and fiue; Iohn Rickes being an aged man, forsaking the order of a frier Minor, which he had first professed, imbraced the gospell; George Bullen lord Rochford, brother to quéene Anne, wrote diuerse songs and sonets; Francis Bigod knight borne in Yorkeshire wrote a booke against the cleargie intituled De impropriationibus, and translated certeine bookes from Latine into English, he died for rebellion in the yeare a thousand fiue hundred thirtie and seauen; Richard Wise, Henrie Morleie lord Morleie, wrote diuerse treatises, as comedies and tragedies, the life of sectaries, and certeine rithmes; William Boteuille aliàs Thin restored Chaucers workes by his learned and painfull corrections.

Iohn Smith sometime schoolemaister of Heiton, Richard Turpine borne of a worshipfull familie in England & seruing in the garrison of Calis wrote a chronicle of his time, he died in the yéere a thousand fiue hundred fortie and one, and was buried in saint Nicholas church in Calis; Sir Thomas Wiat knight, in whose praise much might be said, as well for his learning as other excellent qualities meet for a man of his calling, he greattlie furthered to inrich the English toong, he wrote diuerse matters in English méeter, and translated the seauen penitentiall psalmes, and (as some write) the whole psalter, he died of the pestilence in the west countrie, being on his iourneie into Spaine, whither he was sent ambassadour from the king vnto the emperour, in the yeare a thousand fiue hundred fortie and one; Henrie Howard earle of Surrie, sonne to the duke of Norffolke, delighted in the like studies with sir Thomas Wiat, wrote diuerse treatises also in English méeter, he suffered at Tower hill, as in the historie of this king before yée haue heard.

Iohn Field a citizen and lawyer of London wrote sundrie treatises, as his owne answers vnto certeine articles ministred to him by sir Thomas More, the bishop of Rochester, Rastall, and others; when he was in prison for religion, he wrote also a treatise of mans fréewill, De seruo hominis arbitrio, and collections of the common lawes of the land, &c: Tristram Reuell, Henrie Brinklow a merchant of London wrote a little booke, which he published vnder th [...] name of Roderike Mors, and also a complaint vpon London, &c: Robert Shinglet [...]n borne of a good familie in Lancashire wrote a treatise of the seauen churches, and other things, as of certeine prophesies, for the which (as some write) he suffered at London, being conuict of treason in the yeare 1544: William Parreie a Welshman wrote a booke intituled Speculum iuuenum.

Of strangers that liued here in this kings daies, and for their works which they wrote were had in estimation, these we find recorded by maister Bale: Barnard Andreas a Frenchman, borne in Tolouse an Augustin Frier, and an excellent poet; Adrian de Castello, an Italian of Corneto a towne in Thuscaine, he was commended vnto king Henrie the seuenth by the archbishop Morton, and therevpon was first made bishop of Hereford, and after resigning that sée, was aduanced to Bath and Welles; Andreas Ammonius an Italian of the citie of Luca, secretarie to the king wrote diuerse treatises; Iames Calco an Italian also of Pauia in Lumbardie, by profession a Carmelite frier, an earnest defender of the diuorse betwixt the king and the ladie Katharine Dowager, disproouing the marriage be [...]wixt them to be in anie wise lawfull.

Thus farre the right high and renowmed Henrie the eight, sonne and successor to Henrie the seuenth.

Edward the sixt, sonne and successor to Henrie the eight.

AFter it had pleased almightie God to call to his mercie that famous prince king Henrie the eight, the parlement as yet continuing, and now by his death dissolued, the executours of the said king, and other of the nobilitie, assembling themselues togither, did first by sound of trumpet in the palace of Westminster, and so through London, cause his sonne and heire prince Edward to be proclamed king of this realme by the name of Edward the sixt, king of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and of the churches of England and Ireland the supreame head, he being yet but nine yeares and od moneths of age: he was thus proclamed the eight and twentith of Ianuarie, in the yeare of the world 5513, and after the birth of our Lord 1547, according to the accompt of them that begin the yeare at Christmasse; but after the accompt of the church of England, in the yeare 1546, about the nine and twentith yeare of the emperor Charles the fift, the three and thirtith of Francis the first of that name king of France, and in the fift yeare of the reigne of Marie quéene of Scotland.

Shortlie herevpon the earle of Hertford with other of the lords resorted to Hatfield, where the yoong king then laie, from whence they conducted him with a great and right honorable companie to the Tower of London. During the time of his abode there, for the good gouernement of the realme, the honour and suertie of his maiesties person, his vncle Edward earle of Hertford, was by order of the councell, and the assent of his maiestie (as one most méetest to occupie that roome) appointed gouernour of his roiall person, and protector of his realmes, dominions and subiects, and so proclamed the first of Februarie by an herald at armes, and sound of trumpet through the citie of London in the vsuall places thereof, as it was thought expedient.

The sixt daie of Februarie the earle of Hertford lord protector adorned king Edward with the order of knighthood, remaining then in the Tower, and therewith the king standing vp, called for Henrie Hubbleshorne lord maior of the citie of London, who comming before his presence, the king tooke the sword of the lord protector, and dubbed the said Hubblethorne knight, he being the first that euer he made. The seauenteenth of Februarie the lord protector was created duke of Summerset, the earle of Essex was created marquesse of Northhampton, the lord Lisle high admerall of England was created earle of Warwike and high chamberlaine of England, sir Thomas Wriothesleie lord chancellour was created earle of Southhampton, sir Thomas Seimer was aduanced to the honour of lord of Sudleie and high admerall of England, which office the earle of Warwike then resigned, sir Richard Rich was made lord Rich, and sir William Willoughbie was created lord Willoughbie of Parrham, sir Edmund Sheffield was made lord Sheffield of Butterwike; and as saith a late writer of this action:

Vt quisque est ditione potentior, auctus honore,

Et noua virtutis sumens insignia fulget.

At the same time great preparation was made for the kings coronation, so that the foure and twentith of Februarie next insuing, his maiestie came from the Tower, and so rode through London vnto Westminster, with as great roialtie as might be, the stréets being hoong, and pageants in diuerse places erected, to testifie the good willes of the citizens, reioising that it had pleased God to deale so fauourablie with the English nation to grant them such a towardlie yoong prince to their king and souereigne thus to succéed in place of his noble father. Now as he rode through London toward Westminster, and passed on the south part of Pauls churchyard, an Argosine came from the battlements of the stéeple of Paules church vpon a cable, being made fast to an anchor by the deanes gate, lieng on his breast, aiding himselfe neither with hand nor foot, and after ascended to the middest of the cable, where he tumbled and plaied manie pretie toies, whereat the king and the nobles had good pastime.

The morrow after being Shrouesundaie and the fiue and twentith of Februarie, his coronation was solemnized in due forme and order, with all the roialtie and honour which therevnto apperteined. Shortlie after the coronation, to wit, the sixt of March, the erle of Southhampton, lord chancellour of England, for his too much repugnancie (as was reported) in matters of councell to the residue of the councellors about the king, was not onelie depriued of his office of chancellor, but also remooued from his place and authoritie in councell, and the custodie of the great seale was taken from him, and deliuered vnto sir William Paulet lord Saint-Iohn, that was lord great maister of the kings houshold.

Also shortlie after his coronation, the kings maiestie by the aduise of his vncle the lord protector and other of his priuie councell, minding first of all to séeke Gods honor and glorie, and therevpon intending a reformation, did not onelie set foorth by certeine commissioners, sundrie iniunctions for the remoouing of images out of all churches, to the suppressing and auoiding of idolatrie and superstition within his realmes and dominions, but also caused certeine homilies or sermons to be drawne by sundrie godlie & learned men, that the same might be read in churches to the people, which were afterward by certeine of these commissioners sent foorth as visitors, accompanied with certeine preachers th [...]roughout the realme, for the better instruction of the people, published and put in vre. At Easter next following, he set out also an order thorough all the realme, that the supper of the lord should be ministred to the laie people in both kinds.

15 May 1547. On the fifteenth of Maie doctor Smith recanted at Paules crosse.

All these things doone concerning religion (as before is said) the lord protector and the rest of the councell, calling to mind the euill dealing and craftie dissimulation of the Scots, concerning the matter of marriage betwixt the kings maiestie, and the quéene of Scotland (which marriage as ye haue heard, in the fiue and thirtith yeare of king Henrie the eight, was by authoritie of parlement in Scotland fullie concluded) thought it not to stand with the kings honor to be in such maner by them deluded, and withall considering how greatlie it shuld turne to the quietnesse and safetie of both realmes to haue these two princes conioined in matrimonie, they did deuise sundrie waies and meanes how the same might be brought to passe, and the rather (as some doo write) for that king Henrie (before his death) had giuen them in speciall charge by all indeuours to procure that the said marriage might take place, as wholie wishing by the coniunction of those two yoong princes, the vniting of the two kingdoms in perpetuall amitie and faithfull league of loue; as our poet saith:

Optat coniugio duo regna coire fideli,

Aeternam pacem hinc aeternáque foedera iungi.

But the lords of Scotland were so inueigled and corrupted by the French king, and abused by cardinall Beton, archbishop of saint Andrewes, and other of their clergie, that they not onelie shranke from that which they had promised, but also sought to destroie those that fauored the king of Englands part: wherevpon a great and puissant armie was now prepared to passe by land into Scotland, and likewise a nauie to passe by sea to attend vpon the same: whereof the great gallie and foure and twentie tall ships were thoroughlie furnished with men and munition for the warres, besides manie merchants ships and other small vessels, which serued for carriage of vittels, and other necessaries.

But now to shew what noble men and other were ordeined officers, and assigned to haue the conduction as well of the armie by land, as of the fleete by sea; ye shall vnderstand, that first the duke of Summerset, lord protector, tooke vpon him to go himselfe in person, as generall of the whole armie, and capteine also of the battell or middle-ward, wherin were foure thousand footmen. The marshall erle of Warwike appointed lord lieutenant of the same armie, led the fore-ward conteining thrée thousand footmen. The lord Dacres gouerned in the rere-ward, wherein were other thrée thousand footmen. The lord Greie of Wilton was ordeined high marshall of the said armie & capteine generall of all the horssemen, being in number six thousand. Sir Rafe Sadler knight treasuror of the armie. Sir Francis Brian knight, capteine of the light horssemen, in number two thousand.

Sir Rafe Uane knight lieutenant of all the men of armes and demilances. Sir Thomas Darcie knight capteine of all the kings maiesties pensioners, and men at armes. Sir Richard Leigh knight deuiser of the fortifications. Sir Peter Mewtas knight capteine of the harquebutters, which were in number six hundred. Sir Peter Gamboa knight, capteine of two hundred harquebutters on horssebacke. Sir Francis Fleming knight was master of the ordinance. Sir George Blaag & sir Thomas Holcroft commissioners of the musters. Edward Shelleie, the lord Greies lieutenant of the men of armes of Bullongne, who was the first that gaue the onset in the daie of battell, and died most honorablie in the same. Iohn Brenne capteine of the pioners being in number a thousand foure hundred. Thomas Audeleie and Edward Chamberleine harbengers of the field.

The lord Edward Clinton admerall of the fl [...]et sir William Woodhouse knight his viceadmerall. There were in the armie of great ordinance fifteene peeces, and of carriages nine hundred carts, beside manie wagons, whereof the commissarie generall was George Ferrers. As soone as the armie by land was in a readinesse, and set forward to come to Berwike at a daie appointed, the nauie likewise tooke the sea, and by the helpe of Gods good guiding had so prosperous speed in their passage, that they arriued at Berwicke in time conuenient, whither vpon the thirtith of August being tuesdaie, the lord protector came, and laie in the castell with sir Nicholas Strelleie knight, capteine there. The next daie commandement was giuen that euerie man should prouide himselfe for foure daies vittels to be caried foorth with them in carts.

01 Sep 1547. On thursdaie the first of September the lord protector, not with manie more than with his owne band of horssemen, rode to a towne standing on the sea coast, a six miles from Berwike within Scotland called Aimouth, whereat there runneth a riuer into the sea, which he caused to be sounded, and finding the same well able to serue for an hauen, caused afterwards a fortresse to be raised there, appointing Thomas Gower, that was marshall of Berwike, to be capteine thereof. On fridaie, all sauing the councell departed the towne of Berwike, and incamped a two flight shoots off, by the sea side, toward Scotland. And the same daie the lord Clinton with his fléet tooke the seas from Berwike, to the end that in case the wind should not serue them to kéep [...] course with the armie by land; yet were it but with the driuing of tides, they might vpon anie néed of munition or vittels be still at hand, or not long from them.

01 Sep 1547. The same daie the earle of Warwike, and sir Rafe Sadler treasuror of the armie, came to Berwike from Newcastell, where they had staid till then, for the full dispatch of the rest of the armie, and the next daie the earle of Warwike incamped in field with the armie. On which daie a proclamation with sound of trumpet was made by an herald in thrée seuerall places of the campe, signifieng the cause of the comming of the kings armie at that present into Scotland, which in effect was, to aduertise all the Scotish nation, that their comming was not to depriue them of their liberties, but to aduance the marriage alreadie concluded and agréed vpon betwixt the kings maiestie of England and their quéene, and no hostilitie ment to such as should shew themselues furtherers thereof. On the fourth of September being sundaie, the lord protector came from out of the towne, and the armie raised, and marched that daie a six miles, and camped by a village called Rostan in the baronrie of Boukendall.

The order of their march was this. Sir Francis Brian capteine of the light horssemen, with foure hundred of his band, tended to the skout a mile or two before. The carriages kept along the sea coast, and the men at armes and demilances diuided into thrée troops, answering the thrée wards, rid in arraie directlie against the cariages a two flight shoots asunder from them. The thrée foot battels kept order in place betwixt them both. The fore-ward foremost, the battell in the middest, the rere-ward hindermost, ech ward hauing his troope of horssemen and gard of ordinance, his aid of pioners for amendment of waies, where néed should be. The fift of September they marched an eight miles, vntill they came to the Peaths, a clough or vallie, running for a six miles west streight eastward, and toward the sea a twentie score brode from banke to banke aboue, and a fiue score in the bottome, wherein runnes a little riuer. Stéepe is this vallie on either side, and déepe in the bottome.

The Scots had cast trenches ouerthwart the side waies on either side, in manie places, to make the passage more cumbersome: but by the pioners the same were soone filled, and the waie made plaine, that the armie, carriage, & ordinance were quite set ouer soone after sun set, & there they pitched downe their campe. Whilest the armie was thus passing ouer this cumbersome passage, an herald was sent from the lord protector, to summon a castell, that stood at the end of the same vallie, a mile from the place where they passed downe towards the sea. Matthew Hume capteine thereof, a brothers sonne of the lord Humes, vpon his summons required to speake with the lord protector. It was granted, and he came, whome the lord protector handled in such sort with effectuall words, putting him in choise whether he would yeeld, or stand to the aduenture, to haue the place woone of him by force, that he was contented to render all at his graces pleasure.

And so being commanded to go fetch his companie out of the house, he went and brought them, being in all one and twentie persons. The capteine and six other were staied and commanded to the kéeping of the marshall, the residue were suffered to depart whither they thought good. After this surrender, the lord Iohn Greie brother to the marques Dorset, was appointed to seize & take possession of the house, being capteine of a great number of demilances, as for his approoued worthinesse and valiancie right well he might, agréeable to the deserued report remaining of him in print in forren spéech as followeth:

—Graius heros

Ob summam belli cataphractis praefuit artem.

The spoile was not rich sure, but of white bread, oten cakes, and Scotish ale indifferent good store, and soone bestowed among my lords soldiors; for swords, bucklers, pikes, pots, pans, yarne, linnen, hempe, and heaps of such baggage, which the countrie people there about had brought into that pile, to haue it in more suretie, the soldiors would scarse vouchsafe to stoope and take the same vp.

In the meane time the lord protector appointed the house to be ouerthrowne, which by the capteine of the pioners was doone, though with some trauell, by reason the walles were so thicke, and the foundation so déepe, and thereto set vpon so craggie a plot. Tuesdaie the sixt of September, the armie dislodged and marched forward. In the waie as they should go, a mile and an halfe from Dunglas northward were two piles or holds, Thornton & Anderwike, set both on craggie foundations, & diuided a stones cast a sunder by a déepe gut, wherein ran a little riuer. Thornton belonged to the lord Hume, and was kept by one Thom Trotter, who vpon summons giuen him to render the house, lockt vp a sixteene poore soules like the soldiors of Dunglas fast within the house, tooke the keies with him, commanding them to defend the place till his returne, which should be on the morrow, wish munition and releefe: and this doone, he and his prickers prickt (as saith maister Patten) quite their waies.

Anderwike perteined to the lord of Hambleton, and was kept by his son and heire, whome of custome they call the master of Hambleton, & eight more gentlemen for the most part, as was reported. The lord protector at his comming nigh, sent vnto both these places, which vpon summons refusing to render, were streight assailed; Thornton by batterie of foure great péeces of ordinance, and certeine of sir Peter Mewtas hackbutters, and Anderwike by a sort of the same hackbutters, who so well bestirred them, that where these keepers had rammed vp their outer doores, cloied and stopt their staires within, and kept themselues for defense of their house about the battlements, the hackbutters got in, and fired them vnderneath, whereby being greatlie troubled with smoke, they cried for mercie, which the lord protector meant to grant them; but yer the messenger came, the hackbutters were got vp to them, & killed eight of them aloft: one leapt ouer the walles, and running more than a furlong, was after slaine without in a water.

All this while at Thornton was the assault on the English part, and the defense by them within stoutlie continued: but at length when they perceiued in what danger they stood, and how little able they were to helpe themselues, or to annoie the assailants, they pluckt in a banner which they had hoong foorth, in token of defiance, and put foorth a white linnen clout tied to a stickes end, crieng all with one tune for mercie: but hauing answer by the whole voices of the assailers that they were traitors, and that it was too late, they pluckt in their sticke, and set vp againe their banner of defiance, and shot off, hurled stones, & did what else they could with great courage of their side, & small hurt of the assailants. Wherefore perceiuing that they could not long kéepe out, being on the one side battered, and mined on the other, kept in with hackbutters on ech side, and some of the Englishmen being got into the house below, for they hauing shopt vp themselues also in the highest of their house, pluckt in againe their banner, and cried eftsoones for mercie, but being answered generallie by the assailants, that they should neuer looke for it, they fell to make this petition, that if they should needs die, they might rather suffer by hanging, and so reconcile themselues to God, than to die in malice with so great danger of their soules.

This sute was so furthered to the dukes grace by sir Miles Partrige that was néere at hand when they made this sute, that it was granted; and they comming foorth, humbled themselues, and without more hurt they were but commanded to the prouost marshall, who kept them for a time, and were after released. The house was shortlie after so blowen with pouder, that more than the one halfe of it fell streight downe to dust and rubbish, the rest stood all to shaken with rifts and chinks. Anderwike also was burned, and all the houses of office, and stacks of corne about them both. While this was in doing the dukes grace, in turning but about, saw the fall of Dunglas, which likewise was vndermined and blowen vp with pouder.

This doone, about noone the armie marched, and passing by Dunbar, the castell sent them diuerse shots of artillerie, but all in vaine. The Scotish prickers shewed themselues in the field with proffer of skirmish, but to no great purpose, one of them being killed with a shot of one of Barteuils men an hackbutter on horssebacke. The armie hauing marched that daie a ten miles, lodged at night néere vnto Tantallon, and had a blind alarum. Marching the next morning a two miles, they came to a riuer called Lin, where there is a stone bridge, named Linton bridge of a towne thereby on the right hand as the armie marched, and standing eastward vpon the same riuer: the horssemen and carriages passed thorough the water, for it was not verie deepe, and the footmen ouer the bridge. The passage was streict for an armie, and therfore the longer in setting ouer.

Beyond this bridge about a mile westward vpon the same riuer, on the south side standeth a proper castell called Hailes, perteining to the earle of Bothwell, but kept as then by the gouernors appointment, who held the earle in prison. Out of this castell as the lord protector passed forward in following the fore-ward, there were roundlie shot off (but without hurt) six or seuen péeces, the which before that (though some of the armie had beene verie nigh) yet kept they all couert. In the meane time rose a thicke mist, which caused a great disorder in the rere-ward, by reason they could not sée about them. The earle of Warwike therefore doubting least the enimies, who had béen pricking vp and downe néere to the armie, and offered skirmish the same morning, should now by occasion of the mist attempt some feat to the annoiance of the Englishmen in their passage, his lordship himselfe scant with sixtéene horsses (whereof Barteuill, and Iohn de Ribaud Frenchmen were two, seuen or eight light horssemen more, and the rest being his owne seruants) returned toward the passage to sée the arraie againe.

But to conclude, if the earle of Warwike had not thus valiantlie incountred them, yer they could haue warned their ambush how weaklie he was garded, he had béene beset round about by them yer he could haue bin aware of them, or rescued of other. Whereas hereby his lordship vndoubtedlie shewed his woonted valor, saued his companie, and disc [...]mfited the enimie. As Barteuill the Frenchman that daie had right honestlie serued, so did the lords right honorablie acquite it: for the earle of Warwike did get him a surgion, and dressed he was, streight after laid and conueied in the lord protectors owne chariot. The rest that were hurt were here also drest, Scots and others.

The armie hauing marched that same daie nine miles, incamped at night by a towne standing on the Frith called Lang Nuddreie. The next morning being thursdaie the eight of September, in time of the dislodging of the English campe, signe was made to some of the ships (whereof the most part and chiefest laie a ten or twelue miles in the Forth, beyond vs, ouer against Lieth & Edenborough) that the lord admerall should come a shore, to speake with the lord protector. In the meane time, somewhat earlie as our gallie was comming toward vs, about a mile and more beyond our campe, the Scots were verie busie, wasting here on shore toward them with a banner of saint George that they had, so to traine them to come on land there: but the earle of Warwike soone disappointed the policie, for making toward that place where the lord admerall should come on shore, the Englishmen on the water by the sight of his presence, did soone discerne their friends from their foes.

The lord admerall herevpon came to land, and riding backe with the earle vnto the lord protector, order was taken, that the great ships should remoue from before Lieth, and come to lie before Muskelborough; and the Scotish campe which laie there in field alreadie assembled, to resist the English power that marched thus towards them. The smaller vessels that were vittelers were appointed to lie néerer to the armie. The lord admerall herevpon, being returned to the water, & the armie marching onward a mile or two, there appéered aloft on a hill, that laie longwise east and west, and on the south side of them, vpon a six hundred of their horssemen prickers, wherof some within a flight shoot, directlie against the Englishmen, shewed themselues vpon the same hill, & more further off.

Toward these, ouer a small bridge that laie ouer a little riuer there, verie hardlie did ride about a dozen haquebutters on horssebacke, and held them at baie so nie to their noses, that whether it were by the goodnesse of the same haquebutters, or the badnesse of them, the Scots did not onelie not come downe to them, but also verie courteouslie gaue place, and fled to their fellowes. The armie went on, but so much the slowlier, bicause the waie was somewhat narrow, by meanes of the Forth on the one side, and certeine marishes on the other. The Scots kept alwaies pase with them, till there were shot off two field peeces twise, wherewith there was a man killed, and the leg of one of their horsses striken off, which caused them to withdraw, so that the Englishmen saw no more of the [...], till they came to the place where they meant to incampe, for there they shewed themselues againe aloft on the fore remembred hill, standing as it were to view and take muster of the armie: but when the lord Greie made towards them, minding to know their commission, they wiselie ment their waie, and would not once abide the reasoning.

Little else was doone that daie, but that George Ferrers, one of the duke of Summersets gentlemen, and one of the commissioners of the cariages in the armie, perceiuing where certeine Scots were got into a caue vnder the earth, stopping some of the vents, and setting fire on the other, smothered them to death, as was thought it could be none other, by coniecture of the smoke breaking forth at some of the other vents. The English ships also taking their leaue from before Lieth, with a score of shot or more, and as they came by saluting the Scots in their campe also, with as manie, came and laie according to appointment. The armie hauing marched this daie about a fiue miles, incamped at Salt Preston by the Forth. On fridaie the ninth of September, the English armie lieng in sight & view of the Scotish campe, that laie two miles or therabouts from them, had the Forth on the north, and the hill last remembred on the south, the west end whereof is called Faurside Braie,[...] on the which standeth a sorie castell, and halfe a score houses of like worthinesse by it, and had westward before the Englishmen, the Scots lieng in campe. About a mile from the English campe were the Scots horsemen verie busie, pranking vp and downe, & faine would haue béene a counsell with the Englishmens doings; who againe, bicause the Scots seemed to sit to receiue them, did diligentlie prepare that they might soone go to them, and therfore kept within their campe all that daie.

The lord protector and the councell sitting in consultation, the capteines and officers prouiding their b [...]nds, store of vittels, and furniture of weapons, for furtherance whereof our vessels of munition and vittels were here alreadie come to the shore. The Scots continued their brauerie on the hill, the which the Englishmen not being so well able to beare, made out a band of light horssemen, and a troope of demilances to backe them: the Englishmen and strangers that serued among them, got vp aloft on the hill, and thereby of euen ground with the enimie rode streight toward them with good spéed and order, whom at the first the Scots did boldlie countenance and abide: but after, when they perceiued that our men would néeds come forward, they began to pricke, and would faine haue béene gone, yer they had told their errand. But the Englishmen hasted so spéedilie after, that euen streight they were at their elbowes, and did so stoutlie then bestirre them, that what in the onset at the first, and after in the chase, which lasted a thrée miles welnie to as far as the furthest of their campe on the south side, they had killed of the Scots within a thrée houres, aboue the number of thirtéene hundred, and taken the maister of Hume, the lords Humes sonne and heire, two priests and six gentlemen, whereof one by sir Iaques Granado, and all vpon the highest and welaéere nighest of the hill toward the Scots, within the full sight of their whole campe.

On the English part one Spanish haquebutter hurt, and taken sir Rafe Bulmer knight, Thomas Gomer marshall of Berwike, and Robert Crouch, all capteins of seuerall bands of the English light horssemen, and men of right good courage and approued seruice, & at this time distressed by their owne too much forwardnesse, and not by the enimies force. To conclude, of fiftéene hundred horssemen for skirmish, and fiue hundred footmen to lie close in ambush, and to be readie at néed, which came that morning out of their campe, there returned not home aboue seuen hundred, and diuerse of those sore hurt, and among other, the lord Hume himselfe for hast in the flight, had a fall from his horsse, and burst the canell bone of his necke, that he was faine to be caried streight to Edenborough, and finallie there departed this life of that hurt. So that it is true which C. O. saith, that in this skirmish manie a good rider was dismounted, their horsses with emptie saddles and loose bridles running vp hill and downe dale, as if they had beene starke mad, and to conclude (saith he)

—equi lapsurus inhaesit

Tergo alius summo tellurem vertice pulsans.

Then after this, the lord protector, and the earle of Warwike, and other of the councell, with a small gard, mounting vp the hill where the slaughter had beene made, about halfe a mile southeast from the Scotish campe, tooke full view therof, the plot where they laie, so chosen for strength, as in all their countrie (some thought) not a better, saue on the south by a great marish, & on the north by the Forth, which side they fensed with two field péeces, and certeine haquebutters a crooke, lieng vnder a turffe wall, Edenborough on the west at their backes, and eastward betwéene the Englishmen and them stronglie defended by the course of a riuer called Eske, running north into the Forth, which as it was not verie deepe of water, so were the bankes of it so high and stéepe, as a small sort of resistants might haue beene able to kéepe downe a great number of commers vp. About a twelue score from the Forth, ouer the same riuer, is there a stone bridge, which they did kéepe also well garded with ordinance.

When the lord protector, and the earle of Warwike had viewed euerie thing, as they thought expedient, they returned home towards their campe, alongst before the campe of the enimies, within lesse than two flight shoots, entring into a lane of thirtie foot bread, fensed on either side with a wall of turffe, an ell of heigth. The Scots did often shoot at them in the waie as they passed thus homewards, without hurt, sauing the killing of an horsse among thrée hundred, the rider escaping else harmelesse. And as the dukes grace was passed welnie halfe the waie homewards, a Scotish herald with a cote of his princes armes vpon him (as the maner is) and with him a trumpetter, ouertooke them.

The herald declaring this message to the lord protector, pretended to come from the gouernour, to inquire of prisoners taken, and therewith to proffer honest conditions of peace. And after he had told his tale, then began the trumpetter, and said, how he was sent from the earle of Huntleie:

My lord my maister (saith he) hath willed me to shew your grace, that bicause this matter maie be the sooner ended, and with lesse hurt, he will fight with your grace for the whole quarell, twentie to twentie, ten to ten, or else himselfe alone with your grace man to man. The lord protector hauing kept with him the lord lieutenant, had heard them both throughlie, and then in answering, spake somewhat with lowder voice, than they had doone their messages.

Wherevpon they that were the riders by, thinking that his grace would haue it no secret, were somewhat the bolder to come néerer, the words whereof were vttred so expeditelie with honour, and so honourablie with expedition, that the standers by were mooued to doubt whether they might rather note in them the promptnesse of a singular prudence, or the boldnesse of a noble courage: and they were thus.

Your gouernour maie know, that the speciall cause of our comming hither was not to fight, but for the thing that should be the weale, both of vs and you. For God we take to record, we mind no more hurt to the realme of Scotland, than we doo to the realme of England, and therefore our quarell being so good, we trust God will prosper vs the better. But as for peace, he hath refused such conditions at our hands, as we will neuer proffer againe: and therefore let him looke for none, till this waie we make it: and thou trumpetter, saie to thy maister, he seemeth to lacke wit so to make this chalenge to me, being of such estate, by the sufferance of God, as to haue so weightie a charge of so pretious a iewell, the gouernance of a kings person, & then the protection of all his realms, whereby in this case I haue no power of my selfe, which if I had, as I am true gentleman, it should be the first bargaine I would make: but there be a great sort amongst vs his equals, to whome hee might haue made this chalenge without refusall.

Then quoth the lord lieutenant to them both, He sheweth his small wit to make this chalenge to my lords grace, and he so meane, but if his grace will giue me leaue,

I shall receiue it: and trumpetter bring me word thy maister will so doo, and thou shalt haue of me an hundred crownes. Naie (quoth my lords grace) the earle of Huntleie is not meet in estate with you, my lord: but herald saie to the gouernor, and him also, that we haue béene a good season in this countrie, and are here now but with a sober companie, and they a great number, and if they will méet vs in field, they shall be satisfied with fighting inough: and herald bring me word if they will so doo, and by my honour I will giue the a thousand crownes. Ye haue a proud sort among you, but I trust to sée your pride abated shortlie, and of the erle Huntleies too: Iwis he is a glorious yoong gentleman.

This said, the earle of Warwike continued his request, that he might receiue this chalenge: but the lord protector would in no wise grant it. These messengers had their answers, and therewith leaue to depart. The Scots in midst of this message, dooing contrarie to the order of warre, which as it granteth safetie to heralds and trumpett [...]rs, to passe betwixt armie and armie: so during the time of anie such message, as this was, hostilitie on both parts ought to ceasse, but it skilled not. On the morow after, they had their guns taken from them (as saith maister Patten) and put into their hands that could vse them with more good maner. But now concerning the message of the herald, it was thought that he was sent therewith, not for that it was beléeued of them, that it would be accepted; but rather that whilest he was dooing his errand, he might surueie the English power: or else for that vpon refusall of the offer, they might vse the victorie (whereof they accounted themselues assured) with more crueltie.

Of nothing they doubted more, than least the Englishmen would haue béene gone backe, and gotten to the water, before they should haue incountered them, and therefore they had appointed to haue giuen the English armie a camisado in the night before the daie of the battell: but peraduenture, vnderstanding that the Englishmen had warning of their intention, and were prouided for them if they had come, they staied and came not at all. But in the morning, they were vp verie timelie, and being put in order of battell, they marched streight towards the English campe, against whome then, though they saw the English horssemen readilie to make: yet could not be persuaded, but that it was for a policie to staie them, till the English footmen and cariages might fullie be bestowed a shipboord, and that for the same purpose the English ships were come backe from before Lieth.

In the night of this daie, the dukes grace appointed, that earlie in the next morning part of the ordinance should be planted in the lane (wherof mention before is made) vnder the turfe of the wall, next to their campe, and some also to be set vpon the hill nie to Undreske church afore remembred: and this to the intent we should with our shot cause them either wholie to remooue their campe, or else much to annoie them in that place where they laie. It was not the least of the Englishmens meaning also to win from them certeine of their ordinance, that laie néerest vnto this church. And herewith the same morning, being the tenth of September, and Saturday, somewhat before eight of the clocke, the English armie dislodged, & marched streight toward the church of Undre [...]ke, as well for intent to haue incamped neere the same, as for placing their ordinance, and other considerations afore remembred.

The Scots either for feare of the Englishmens departing, or hope of their spoiling, were out of their campe comming toward them, passed the riuer, gathered in araie, and well néere at this church, yer the Englishmen were halfe waie to it, so quite disappointing the Englishmens purpose. Which at the first séemed verie strange in their eies, as altogither beside their expectation, as they that thought they would neuer haue forsaken their strength, to méet them in the field. But after it was knowne that they did not onelie thus purpose to doo, but also to haue assailed them in their campe, as they laie if they had not béene stirring the timelier, and hauing caused all their tents to be let flat downe to the ground, yer they came out, bicause none should lie lurking behind them in their campe, and as well the nobles as other, leauing their horsses behind them (except such as were appointed to serue on horssebacke) marched on with their souldiors on foot.

They came spéedilie forwards on both sides, the one till then no whit aware of the others intent: but the Scots indeed with a rounder pase betweene two hillocks, betwixt the Englishmen and the church, mustred somewhat brim, at whome as they staied, the English gallie shot off, & slue the maister of Greime, with fiue and twentie others néere by him, and therewith so skard foure thousand Irish archers, brought by the earle of Argile, that where (as it was said) they should haue béene a wing to the fore-ward, they could neuer after be made to come forward. Hervpon did their armie hastilie remooue, & from thence declining southward, tooke their direct waie toward Fauxside braie. Of this, sir Rafe Uane, lieutenant of all the English horssemen, first of all, or with the first, noting it, quicklie aduertised the lord protector, who thereby did readilie conceiue their meaning, which was to win the hill, and thereby the wind and sunne, the gaine of which thrée things (as is thought) whether partie in fight of battell can hap to obteine, hath his force doubled against his enimie.

In all this enterprise, they vsed for haste so little the helpe of horsse, that they plucked foorth their ordinance by draught of men, which at that present began fréelie to shoot off towards the English armie, whereby it was perceiued they ment more than a skirmish. Herewith euerie man began to applie him selfe in his charge and dutie which he had to doo. And herewith the lord protector, and other of the councell on horssebacke as they were, fell streight in consultation. The sharpenesse of whose circumspect wisedoms, as it quicklie espied out the enimies intents, so did it among other things promptlie prouide therin remedie, to preuent them (as néedfull it was) for the time asked no leisure.

Their deuise was, that the lord Greie of Wilton, marshall of the armie, with his band of Bulleners, and with the lord protectors band, and the earle of Warwikes, all to the number of eightéene hundred horssemen, on the left hand on the east halfe, and sir Rafe Uane, with sir Thomas Darcie capteine of the pensioners, and men of armes, and the lord Fitzwaters, with his band of demilances, all to the number of sixtéene hundred, to be readie and euen with the lord marshall, on the west halfe. And thus all these togither afore to incounter the enimies afront, whereby either to breake their araie, and that waie to weaken their power by disorder, or at the least to stop them of their gate, and force them to staie, while the fore-ward might wholie haue the hilles side, and the battell and rere-ward be placed in grounds next that in order, and best for aduantage. And after this, that the same horssemen should retire vp to the hilles side to come downe in order afresh, and infest them on both sides, whilest the foot battels should occupie them in fight afront.

Which enterprise, though it séemed right dangerous to the assailers, yet was it not more wiselie deuised by the councell, than valiantlie and willinglie executed of the lord marshall, & the others. For euen there taking their leaues of the councell, the said lord marshall requiring onelie, that if it went not well with him, the dukes grace would be good to his wife & children, he said he would méet those Scots, and so with their bands the foresaid capteins tooke their waie, and made towards the enimie. By this time were the fore-wards on either part aduanced within two flight shoots in sunder. The Scots came on so fast, that it was thought of the most part of the Englishmen, they were rather horssemen than footmen. The Englishmen againe were led the more with speed, to shew that they were as willing as the Scots to trie the battell. The master of the ordinance to their great aduantage pluckt vp the hill at that instant certeine péeces, and soone after planted two or thre canons of them welnigh vpon the top there, wherby hauing so much the helpe of the hill, he might ouer the Englishmens heads shoot niest at the enimie. As the lord protector had so circumspectlie taken order for the araie and station of the armie, and for the execution of euerie mans office beside, he being perfectlie appointed in faire armour, accompanied onelie with sir Thomas Chaloner knight, one of the clearkes of the kings priuie councell, got him to the hight of the hill, to tarrie by the ordinance, where hée might best surueie the whole field, and succour with aid where most he saw néed, and also by his presence to be a defense to the thing that stood weakest in place, and also most in daunger, the which how much it stood in stead, anon ye shall heare further.

As he was halfe vp the hill, the erle of Warwike was ware the enimies were all at a sudden staie, and stood still a good while, so that it séemed to him that they perceiuing now their owne follie in leauing their ground of aduantage, had no will to come anie further forward, but gladlie would haue bin whence they came. The reasons were these. First bicause at that time, beside the full muster of the English footmen, of whome they thought there had béene none there in field, but all to haue béene either shipt, or a shipping; then they saw plaine that the Englishmen were sure to haue the gaine of the hill, and they the ground of disaduantage out of their hold, and put from their hope: and hereto, for that their herald gaue the lord protector no warning, the which by him (if they had ment to fight it out) who would not haue presumed that for the estimation of their honor, they would little haue stucke to haue sent; and he againe, and it had beene but for his thousand crowns, would right gladlie haue brought? Well yet how so euer their meaning changed, finallie considering belike the state they stood in, that as they had left their strength too soone, so now to be too late to repent, vpon a change of countenance, they made hastilie forward againe, and (as it séemed) with no lesse stoutnesse of courage, than stronglie in order, whose maner, armour, weapon, and order in fight in those daies and also before (though now somewhat changed as well as amongest other nations) was as insueth.

Harquebutters had they few, and appointed their fight most commonlie alwaies on foot. They vsed to come to the field well furnished, with iacke and skull, dagger, buckler, and swords, all notablie brode and thin, of excéeding good temper, and vniuersallie so made to slice, as hard it is to deuise the better: hereto euerie man his pike, and a great kercher wrapped twise or thrise about his necke, not for cold but for cutting. In their araie toward the ioining with the enimie, they thrust so nie in the fore-ranke, shoulder to shoulder, togither with their pikes in both hands, streight afore them, and their followers in that order so hard at their backes, laieng their pikes ouer their foregoerrs shoulders, that if they doo assaile vndisseuered, no force can well withstand them.

Standing at defense, they thrust shoulders likewise so nie togither, the fore-ranks well nie to knéeling stoope low before, for their fellowes behind, holding their pikes in both hands, and therewith in their left their bucklers, the one end of their pike against their right foot, the other against the enimie breast high, their followers crossing their pike points with them before, and thus each with other, so nie as place and space will suffer, through the whole rankes so thicke, that as easilie shall a bare finger pearse through the skin of an angrie hedgehog, as anie incounter the front of their pikes. Thus prouided, they (I meane the Scots) addressed themselues to incounter inflamed with a heat of furious hatred, but not aduised whether the cause were iust or vniust, for the which they were vp in armes: which foolish madnesse the poet pointeth at, and painteth out, saieng:

Arma Scotus poscit, valida contendere vi vult,

Is nec habet pensi sit it aequum an prorsus iniquum.

The lord marshall notwithstanding, whome no danger detracted from dooing his enterprise, with the companie and order afore appointed, came full in their faces from the hill side towards them. Herewith waxed it verie hot on both sides, with pitifull cries, horrible rore, and terrible thundering of guns, beside the daie darkened aboue head with smoke of the artillerie, the sight and appeerance of the enimie euen at hand before, the danger of death on euerie side else, the bullets, pellets and arrowes flieng each where so thicke, and so vncerteinelie lighting, that no where was there anie suretie of safetie, euerie man striken with a dreadfull feare, not so much perchance of death, as of hurt, which things though they were but certeine to some, yet doubted of all, assured crueltie at the enimies hands, without hope of mercie, death to flie, and danger to fight.

The whole face of the field on both sides vpon this point of ioining, both to the eie and to the eare so heauie, so deadlie, lamentable, furious, outragious, terrible, confuse, and so quite against the quiet nature of man, as if to the nobilitie the regard of their honor and fame, to the knights and capteines the estimation of their worship and honestie, and generallie to them all the naturall motion of bounden dutie, their owne safetie, hope of victorie, and the fauour of God, that they trusted vpon for the equitie of their quarrell, had not béene a more vehement cause of courage, than the danger of death was cause of feare, the verie horrour of the thing had beene able to haue made anie man to forget both prowesse and policie. But the lord marshall and the others, with present mind and courage warilie and quicklie continued their course towards them. The enimies were in a fallow field, whereof the furrowes laie sidelong toward the Englishmen, next to whome by the side of the same furrowes, & a stones cast from the Scots, was there a crosse ditch or slough, which the Englishmen must needs passe to come to them, wherein manie that could not leape ouer stucke fast, to no small danger of themselues, and some disorder of their fellowes.

The enimie perceiuing the Englishmen fast to approch, disposed themselues to abide the brunt, and in this order stood still to receiue them. The earle of Angus next to the Englishmen in the Scotish foreward as capteine of the same, with an eight thousand men, and foure or fiue péeces of ordinance on his right hand, and a foure hundred horssemen on his left. Behind him westward, the gouernour with ten thousand Inland men (as they call them) the choisest soldiers counted of their countrie. And the earle of Huntleie in the rere-ward, welnie euen with the battell on the left side with eight thousand. The foure thousand Irish archers as a wing to them both, last indéed in order, & first (as they said) that ran awaie. The battell and also the rere-ward were garded likewise with their ordinance according.

Edward Shelleie lieutenant vnder the lord Greie of his band of Bulleners, was the first that passed ouer the s [...]ough. The lord Greie himselfe next, with the lord Iohn Greie and others in the foremost ranke, and so then after two or thrée rankes of their former bands. But badlie yet could they make their rase, by reason the furrowes laie trauerse to their course. That notwithstanding, and though also they were nothing likelie well to be able thus afront to come within them to doo them hurt, as well bicause the Scotishmens pikes were as long or longer than their staues, as also for that their horsses were all naked without bards, whereof though there were right manie among them, yet not one put on, for as much as at their comming forth in the morning, they looked for nothing lesse than for battell that daie: yet did those worthie gentlemen, the lord Greie of Wilton, the lord Iohn Greie, and maister Shelleie with the residue, so valiantlie & stronglie giue the charge vpon them, that whether it were by their prowesse or power, the left side of the enimies that his lordship did set vpon (though their order remained vnbroken) was yet compelled to swaie a good waie backe, and giue ground largelie, and all the residue of them beside to stand much amazed.

Beside this, as the Englishmen were welnie at their enimies, they stood verie braue and bragging, shaking their pike points, & crieng; Come lounds, come héere tikes, come heretikes; and such like rhetorike they vsed. But though (saith master Patten) they meant but small humanitie, yet shewed they thereby much ciuilitie, both of faire plaie, to warne yer they stroke, and of formall order, to chide yer they fought. The English capteines that were behind, perceiuing at eie, that both by the vnéeuennesse of the ground, by the sturdie order of the enimie, and for that their fellowes were so nie and streight before them, they were not able to anie aduantage to mainteine this onset, did therefore according to the deuise in that point appointed, turne themselues, and made a soft retire vp toward the hill againe. Howbeit, to confesse the truth, some of the number that knew not the prepensed policie of the counsell in this case, made of a sober aduised retire, an hastie, rash, and vnaduised flight: howbeit, without capteine or standard, & vpon no cause of néed, but of a méere vndiscretion and madnesse. A madnesse indéed, for first the Scots were not able to pursue, bicause they were footmen; and then if they could, what hope by flight so farre from home in their enimies land, where was no place of refuge?

The valiant lord Greie, Edward Shelleie, little Preston, Brampton, and Ierningham, Bulleners, Ratcliffe, the lord Fitzwaters brother, sir Iohn Cleres sonne and heire, Rawleie a gentleman of right commendable prowesse, Digs of Kent, Ellerker a pensioner, Segraue: of the duke of Summersets band, Standleie, Woodhouse, Conisbie, Horgill, Norris, Denis, Arthur, and Atkinson, with other in the fore-ranke, not being able in this earnest assault, both to tend to their fight afore, and to the retire behind: the Scots againe well considering herby how weake they remained, caught courage afresh, ran sharplie forward vpon them, and without anie mercie, slue the most part of them that abode furthest in prease a six more of Bulleners, and other than before are named, in all to the number of twentie six, and most part gentlemen. My lord Greie yet and my lord Iohn Greie, and likewise my lord Edward Seimer (as some grace was) returned againe; but neither all in safetie, nor without euident markes they had bin there: for the lord Greie with a pike through the mouth was rased a long from the tip of the toong, and thrust that waie verie dangerouslie more than two inches in the necke; and the other two had their horsses vnder them with swords sore wounded. Like as also a little before this onset, sir Thomas Darcie vpon his approch to the enimies, was striken glansing wise on the right side, with a bullet of one of their field péeces, and thereby his bodie brused with the bowing in of his armour, his sword hilts broken, and the forefinger of his right hand beaten flat. Euen so vpon the parting of this fraie, was sir Arthur Darcie slasht at with swords, and so hurt vpon the wedding finger of his right hand also, as it was counted for the first part of curing to haue it quite cut awaie.

About the same time, certeine of the Scots ran on hastilie to the kings standard of the horssemen (the which sir Andrew Flammocke bare) and laieng fast hold vpon the staffe therof, cried, A king, a king,. that if both his strength, his hart, and his horsse had not beene good, and herewith somewhat aided at this pinch by sir Rafe Coppinger a pensioner, both he had béene slaine, and the standard lost, which the Scots neuerthelesse held so fast, that they brake and bare awaie the nether end of the staffe to the burrell, and intended so much to the gaine of the standard, that sir Andrew (as hap was) scaped home all safe, and else without hurt. At this businesse also the lord Fitzwaters, both earle of Sussex and lord chamberleine to the quéenes maiestie, capteine there of a number of demilances was vnhorst, but soone mounted againe, scaped yet in great danger, and his horsse all hewen. Hereat further were Caluerleie the standard-bearer of the men at armes, and Clement Paston a pensioner, thrust each of them into the leg with pikes, and Don Philip a Spaniard into the knée, diuerse others maimed and hurt, and manie horsses sore wounded beside.

By this time had the English fore-ward accordinglie gotten the full vantage of the hilles side, and in respect of their march stood sideling toward the enimie: who neuerthelesse were not able in all parts to stand full square in arraie: by reason that at the west end of them vpon their right hand, and toward the enimie, there was a square plot inclosed with turffe (as their maner of fensing in those parts, as well as in diuerse other is) one corner whereof did let the square of the same arraie. The battell in good order next them, but so as in continuance of arraie, the former part thereof stood vpon the hils side, the taile vpon the plaine, and the rere-ward wholie vpon the plaine. So that the placing and countenance of the English armie in this wise, they shewed themselues in maner to compasse in the Scots battels, that they should no waie escape them: but how little able they were to doo it with power and number, you may easilie coniecture.

Those horssemen that were so repelled, and in their comming backe vnorderlie brake their arraie from the residue, ran so hastilie through the ranks of the English fore-ward as it stood, that it did both disorder manie, feared manie, and was a great incouragement to the enimie. The worthie earle of Warwike, who had the guiding of this fore-ward, right valiantlie had conducted the same to their standing, and there did verie noblie incourage and comfort them with such chéerefull words, offering to liue and die among them, that doubtlesse his presence, deme [...]ing himselfe in such manlike sort, stood the whole companie in great stead. Neither wanted there the chearefull diligence of those capteines, with whome his honor was furnished in that fore-ward likewise to incourage their bands, nor the worthie behauiour of other in the battell and rere-ward, euerie one according to his calling, shewing such proofe of his dutie, as the most part certeinlie deserued to haue their names registred in the kalendar of fame, where no rust of cankered obliuion might fret out the remembrance of their commendable demeanours: and therefore if anie among them should haue shewed anie lacke of courage, their dispraise had béene the more, sith by others they saw such worthie example giuen, and were to stand vpon this resolution, to haue harts hardened against all hazzards in a iust cause, whereof they hoped almightie God had vndertaken the managing and direction, vnto whome they had committed the same; as the poet truelie saith:

Iusta Deo commissa Anglorum causa tonanti,

Audaces animosfecit impauidósque pericli.

Their gouernour and other the principall capteins that had brought them to the bargaine, tooke their horsses and fled amaine, which other perceiuing did quicklie follow, and with the formost of that crue their Irishmen, and therewith turned all the whole rout, cast downe their weapons, ran out of their wards, off with their iackes, and with all that euer they might, betooke them to the race that their gouernour began. The Englishmen at the first had found them (as what could scape so manie eies) and sharpelie and quicklie with an vniuersall outcrie, They flie, they flie, pursued after in chase so egerlie, and with such fiercenesse, that they ouertooke manie, and spared indéed but few, that when they were once turned, it was a woonder to see how soone, and in how sundrie sorts they were scattered. The place they stood on like a wood of staues strewed on the ground, as rushes in a chamber, vnpassable (they laie so thicke) for either horsse or man. Here at the first had they let fall all their pikes, and after that, euerie where scattered swords, bucklers, daggers, iackes, and all things else that was of anie weight, or might be any let to their course: which course among them, thrée waies speciallie they made, some along the sands by the Frith towards Lith, some streight towards Edenburgh, whereof part through the parke there (in the walles whereof, though they be round about of flint stone, yet were there manie holes alreadie made) and part of them by the high waie that leadeth along by the abbaie of Holierood house; and the residue and most part of them towards Daketh, which waie by means of the marish our horssemen were worst able to follow.

Sundrie shifts, some shrewd, some sorie, made they in their running: diuerse of them in their courses, as they were ware they were pursued but of one, would suddenlie start backe, and lash at the legs of the horsse, or foine him in the bellie, and sometime did they reach at the rider also, whereby Clement Paston in the arme, and diuerse in other parts of their bodies otherwise in this chase were hurt. Some other laie flat in a furrow as they were dead, thereby past by of the Englishmen vntouched, and (as was reported) the earle of Angus confessed he couched in that sort till his horsse hapt to be brought him. Other some were found to staie in the riuer, couring downe his bodie vnder the root of some willow tree, with scant his nose aboue water for breath. Some for lightnesse cast awaie shoos and doublets, and ran in their shirts, and some were séene in this race all breathlesse to fall flat downe, and haue run themselues to death.

Before this, at the time of the onset, which the English horssemen gaue, there came eastward fiue hundred of the Scotish horsmen vp along this Fau [...]side braie, streight vpon the English ordinance and cariage. The lord protector (as yée haue heard) most speciallie for doubt hereof, placing himselfe by the same, caused a péece or two to be turned toward them, with a few shots whereof they were soone turned also and fled to Daketh. But had they kept on their purpose, they were prouided for accordinglie. For one parson Keble a chapleine of his graces, and two or thrée other, by and by discharged foure or fiue of the carts of munition, and therewith bestowed pikes, billes, bowes and arrowes, to as manie as came; so that of carters and other, there were soone weaponed about a thousand, whome parson Keble and the other did verie handsomlie dispose in arraie, and made a pretie muster.

To returne now after this notable strewing of their footmens weapons, began a pitifull sight of the dead corpses, lieng dispersed abrode, some their legs off, some but hought, and left lieng halfe dead, some thrust quite through the bodie, others their necks halfe a sunder, manie their heads clouen, with other thousand kinds of killing. After that, and further in chase all for the most part killed, either in the head, or in the necke, for the horssemen could not well reach them lower with their swords. And thus with bloud and slaughter of the enimie, this chase was continued fiue miles in length, westward from the place of their standing, which was in the fallow fields of Undreske, vntill Edenburgh parke, and well nigh to the gates of the towne it selfe, and vnto Lith, and in breadth nie foure miles, from the Forth sands vp toward Daketh southwards: in all which space, the dead bodies laie as thicke as a man may note cattell grasing in a full replenished pasture. The riuer ran all red with bloud (a signe of great slaughter) so that in the same chase were slaine to the number of ten thousand men, some saie aboue fouretéene thousand, as I doo find by this report concerning the battell:

Millia bis septem sunt morte absumpta Scotorum,

Caetera pars certam quaerit fugiendo salutem.

To conclude, considering the smalnesse of the Englishmens number, and shortnesse of the time (which was scant fiue houres, from one till well nigh six) the mortalitie was so great (as it was thought) the like afore time had not béene séene. One great cause whie the Englishmen spared so few of them, was thought to be their tyrannous vow by them made (which the Englishmen certeinly heard of) that whensoeuer they fought and ouercame, they would kill so manie, and spare so few: a sure proofe whereof they plainelie had shewed at the first onset giuen, where they killed all, and saued not a man that came within their danger. An other respect was, to reuenge their great and cruell tyrannie shewed at Paniar hough, where they slue the lord Euers, whome otherwise they might haue taken prisoner and saued, and cruellie killed as manie else of our men as came into their hands. An other occasion also was their armor among them so little differing, all clad alike in iacks couered with white leather, doublets of the same, or of fustian, and most commonlie all white hosen, not one with either chaine, brooch, ring, or garment of silke, vnlesse chains of latten drawne foure or fiue times along the vpper stocks, or to vse master Pattens words, the thighs of their hosen and doublet sleeues for cutting.

This lacke for difference in apparell was the chiefest cause that so manie of their great men and gentlemen were killed, and so few saued. The outward shew, the resemblance or signe, whereby a stranger might discerne a poore man from a gentleman, was not among them to be séene: as for words and goodlie profers of great ransoms, were as rife in the mouths of the one as the other. And it came here to passe, that after at the examination and counting of the prisoners, there were found taken aboue twentie of their common countrie people, to one of their gentlemen, whome no man need to doubt the Englishmen had rather haue spared than the other, if they could haue séene anie difference betweene them in taking. And yet verelie considering the case as it stood, the Englishmen shewed more grace, and tooke more to mercie, than the respects before mentioned might séeme to haue required. For beside the earle of Huntleie, who in good armor appointed likest a gentleman of anie among them, but could not then escape bicause he lacked his horsse, and hapned to be taken by sir Rafe Uane, and beside the lord of Yester, Hobbie Hambleton capteine of Dunbar, the master of Sanpoole, the lard of Wimmes taken by Iohn Bren, a brother of the earle of Cassils, and besides one Montrell, taken by Cornelius comptrollor of the ordinance in the armie, and one Camals an Irish gentleman, and beside manie other Scotish gentlemen more, taken by diuerse others.

The prisoners reckoned in the marshals booke were numbred to aboue fiftéene hundred. Touching the slaughter, sure they killed not so manie, as for the time & oportunitie they might, if they had minded crueltie. For the lord protector mooued with pitie at the sight of the dead bodies, and rather glad of victorie than desirous of slaughter, soone after (by gesse) fiue of the clocke, staid the standard of his horssemen at the furthest part of their campe westward, & caused the trumpets to sound a retreat. Whereat also sir Rafe Sadler treasuror (whose great diligence at that time, and readie forwardnesse in the chiefest of the fraie before, did woorthilie merit no small commendation) caused all the footmen to staie; and then with much trauell & great paine made them to be brought in some order againe: which was a thing not easilie doone, by reason they all as then were somewhat busie in applieng their market, the spoile of the Scotish campe, where was found good prouision of white bread, ale, otencaks, otemeale, mutton, butter in pots, chéese, and in diuerse tents good wine also, and in some tents among them was found some siluer plate and chalices, which with good deuotion ye maie be sure were plucked out of their cold clowts, and thrust into their warme bosoms.

The plot of their campe called Edmonston edge, nigh Gilberton a place of the lord of Brimstons, halfe a mile beyond Muskelburgh, and foure miles on this side Edenburgh, occupied in largenesse with diuerse tents and tenticles, that stood in sundrie places out of square, about a miles compasse, wherein as the Englishmen vpon the sound of the retreat somewhat assembled, they all with a lowd and entire outcrie and hallowing, in signe of gladnesse and victorie, made an vniuersall noise and showt, the shrilnesse whereof (as after was reported) was heard vnto Edenburgh. It was a woonder to sée, but (as they saie) manie hands make light woorke, how soone the dead bodies were stripped out of their garments starke naked, euen from as farre as the chase went, vnto the place of the onset, whereby the personages of the enimies might by the waie easilie be viewed and considered, the which for the talnesse of their stature, cleannesse of skin, bignesse of bone, with due proportion in all parts was such, as the beholders, if they had not séene it, would not haue beleeued that there had béene so many of that sort in all their countrie. Among them laie manie priests, and kirkmen, as they call them, of whome it was bruted that there was a whole band of thrée or foure thousand, but it was found afterwards not to be altogither so.

Among other banners, standards, and penno [...]s, a banner of white sarsenet was found, vnder which it was said these kirkmen came, wherevpon was painted a woman with hir haire about hir shoulders, knéeling before a crucifix, & on hir right hand a church, after that written in great Romane letters, Afflictae sponsae ne obliuiscaris. It was said that this was the abbat of Dunfirmlings banner, but whether it was his or the bishop of Dunkels, the gouernours brother, who (as was said) were both in the field, his meaning was, to signifie that the church made intercession to Christ hir husband, not now to forget hir his spouse, being at that time afflicted and persecuted by the Englishmen. But whose deuise soeuer it was, it maie séeme, that this church comming thus to battell, full appointed with weapon, and garded with such a sort of deacons to fight, howsoeuer in painting he had set hir out, a man might well thinke, that in condition, he had rather framed hir like a curst queane, that would plucke hir husband by the pate, except she had hir will; than like a meeke spouse, that went about humblie by submission and praier to desire hir husbands helpe, for redresse of things amisse.

This night the Englishmen with great gladnesse and thanksgiuing to God (as good cause they had) about seauen of the clocke pitched their campe at Edgebuckling braie, beside Pinkerslough, and a mile beyond the place they camped at before. Now after the battell, among other questions, one was mooued who killed the first man that daie in the field, the glorie whereof one Ieronimo an Italian would gladlie haue had, a gentleman sure that had serued that daie right valiantlie: howbeit it was after well tried, that Cutbert Musgraue, a gentleman of the earle of Warwiks, deserued the praise of killing the first enimie that died that daie, who right hardilie slue a guner at his péece in the Scots fore-ward, yer euer they began anie whit to turne. As for the ordinarie soldiors, it was a pleasure vnto them to make rehearsall of their aduentures past, and to record what dangers (in maner ineuitable) they had escaped, according to the poets report in that case, saieng:

—res est meminisse laboris

Praeteriti iucunda: grau [...] effugisse peri lum

Summa recordari secura mente voluptas.

11 Sep 1547. The next daie being sundaie the eleuenth of September, somewhat before noone, the armie remooued, & marching along the Forth side toward Lieth about three of the clocke in the after noone pitched their field, a pricke shot on this side that towne on the southeast halfe, somewhat shadowed from Edenburgh by a hill, but yet the most part of it laie within the full sight and shot of the castell there, and in distance somewhat aboue a quarter of a mile. The lord marshall, and the most part of the horssemen wer [...] bestowed and lodged in the towne of Lieth. The dukes grace, the lord lieutenant, and the rest of the armie in the campe. On tuesdaie the thirteenth of September, the smaller vessels of the English flée [...] burned Kinkorne, and a towne or two standing on the north shore of the Forth against Lieth.

11 Sep 1547. In the after noone the dukes grace rowed vp the Forth a six or seuen miles westward, as it runneth into the land, and tooke in his waie an Iland there called saint Cooms ins, which lieth foure miles beyond Lieth, and a good waie neerer the north shore than the south, yet not within a mile of the néerest. It is but halfe a mile about, and had in it an abbeie, but the moonks were gone: fresh water inough, and store of conies, and is so naturallie strong, that but by one waie it can be entred; the plot whereof the lord protector considering, did quicklie cast to haue it kept, whereby all traffike of merchandize, all commodities else comming by the Forth into their land, and vtterlie the whole vse of the Forth it selfe, with all the hauens vpon it, should quite be taken from them.

12 Sep 1547. The next daie the lord protector riding backe againe eastward, to view diuerse things and places, tooke Daketh in his waie, where a house of George Dowglas did stand, and comming somewhat néere it, he sent Summerset his herald with a trumpet to know who kept it, and whether the keepers would hold or yéeld it to his grace? Answer was made, that there were three score persons within, whome their maister lieng there saturdaie at night after the battell, did will that they, the house, and all that was in it, should be at his graces commandement. Wherevpon the chiefest came, and in name of all the rest humbled himselfe to the dukes will. From thense his grace passed to the place where the battell had béene striken, and so by Muskleburgh returned backe to the campe.

15 Sep 1547. On thursdaie being the fiftéenth of this moneth, the lord Clinton high admerall, taking with him the gallie whereof Richard Brooke was capteine, and foure or fiue other smaller vessels besides, as well appointed with munition and men, rowed vp the Forth a ten miles westward, to an hauen towne standing on the south shore called Blacke Nesse, whereat toward the water side is a castell of a pretie strength; as nigh wherevnto as the depth of the water would suffer, the Scots for safegard had laid the Marie Willoughbie, and the Anthonie of Newcastell, two tall ships, which with extreme iniure they had stollen from the Englishmen before time, when no war was betwixt vs: with these laie there also an other large vessell called the Bosse, and seauen more, wherof part laden with merchandize. The lord Clinton and his companie with right hardie approach, after a great conflict betwixt the castell and his vessels, by fine force wan from them those thrée ships of name, and burnt all the residue before their faces.

The sixtéenth of September the lard of Brimston a Scotish gentleman came to the dukes grace from their counsell for cause of communication, and returned againe to them, hauing with him Norreie an herald and king at armes of ours, who found them with the old quéene at Sterling. On saturdaie the seauentéenth of September, sir Iohn Luttrell in the after noone departed toward saint Cooms ins, hauing with him an hundred harquebutters, fiftie pioners, & two row barks well furnished with munition, and thrée score and ten mariners to remaine there, & kéepe that from inuasion of the enimies, against whom the English were so sharplie whetted, that when they came to incounter, they gaue proofe of their manhood by wounds and bloudshed, according to the report of C.O. in these verses following:

— Anglorum pectora Mauors

Belliger exacüit, crescunt ad vulnera vires.

In the time whilest the armie laie thus in the campe betwéene Lieth and Edenburgh, manie lards and gentlemen came in to the lord protector to require his protection, the which his grace to whome he thought good did grant. This daie came the earle of Bothwell to his grace, who hauing beene kept in prison by the gouernour, the night after the battell was set at libertie, and comming thus to the lord protector, was friendlie welcomed and interteined; and hauing this night supped with his grace, he departed.

Lieth was set on fire this saturdaie, whereas it was meant, that there should haue beene but one house onelie burnt, belonging to one Barton that had plaid a slipperie part with the lord protector. But the soldiors being set a worke to fire that house, fired all the rest. Six great ships also that laie in the hauen, which for their age and decaie were not so apt for vse, were likewise set on fire and burnt. On sundaie the eightéenth of September, the lord protector (for considerations moouing him to pitie) hauing all this while spared Edenburgh from hurt, did so leaue it, but Lieth and the ships burning, soone after seauen of the clocke in the morning, caused the campe to dislodge, and as they were raised and on foot, the castell shot off a peale, with chambers hardlie and all, of foure and twentie péeces. Passing that daie seauen miles, they camped earlie for that night at Crainston by a place of the lard of Brimstons.

The same morning the lord protector made maister Andrew Dudleie knight, brother to the earle of Warwike, dispatched my lord admerall and him by ships full fraught with men and munition toward the winning of an hold in the east side of Scotland called Broughticrag, which stood in such sort in the mouth of the riuer of Taie, as that being gotten, both Dundée, saint Iohns towne, and diuerse other townes standing vpon the same riuer the best of the countrie in those parts, set vpon the Taie, should either become subiect vnto this hold, or else be compelled to forgo the whole vse of the riuer, for hauing anie thing comming in or outward. The lord admerall, and the said sir Andrew sped themselues with such good successe and diligence in that enterprise, that on the wednesdaie following, being the one and twentith of September, after certeine of their shot discharged against that castell, the same was yeelded vnto them, yéelded to the Englishmen. the which sir Andrew did then enter, and after kept, as capteine to his high praise and commendation.

19 Sep 1547. But now to the armie. On mondaie the nineteenth of September, they marched ten miles, and incamped a little on this side a market towne called Lawder. Here as they were setled in their lodging, the herald Norrie returned from the Scotish councell, with the lard of Brimston, and Rose their herald, who vpon their sute to the lord protector, obteined that fiue of their councell should haue his graces safe conduct, that at anie time and place within fiftéene daies, during his abode in their countrie, or at Berwike, the same fiue might come and commune with fiue of the English councell, touching matters in controuersie betwéene them. Rose the herald departed earlie with his safe conduct, the campe raised, and that daie they went seauen miles till as far as Hume castell, where they camped on the west side of a rockie hill that they call Hare crag, standing about a mile westward from the castell.

Soone after the lord protectors surueie of the plot, and determination to doo as much in déed for making it defensible, as shortnesse of the time & season of the yéere could suffer (which was) that one great trench of twentie foot broad with depth according, and a wall of like depth, bredth, and heigth, should be made crosse within the castell from the one side wall to the other, and fortie foot from the west end: and that a like trench and wall should likewise be cast a trauerse within, about a coits cast from the east end, and hereto that the castell walles on either side where néed was, should be mended with turffe, and made with lowps, as well for shooting directlie forward as for flanking at hand: the worke of which deuise did make that (beside the safegard of these trenches and walles) the keepers should also be much defended from the enimies force by both the end walles of the castell: the pioners were set a worke, and diligentlie applied in the same.

The lard of Sesseforth, and manie other lards and gentlemen of Tiuidall and the Mers, hauing come and communed with the lord protector and the councell, made an assurance, or as it were a truce for that daie, till the next daie at night; and on the next daie, while assurance lasted, these lards and gentlemen being the chiefest in the whole Mers and Tiuidale, came in againe, whome the dukes grace with wisedome and policie without bloudshed did win then vnto the kings obedience, for the which they did willinglie then receiue an oth: whose names in part insue. The lard of Sesseforth, the lard of Fernihurst, the lard of Greenehead, the lard of Hunthill, the lard of Huntleie, the lard of Markeston by Merside, the lard of Boniedworth, the lard of Ormeston, the lard of Mailestaine, the lard of Warmeseie, the lard of Linton, the lard of Egerston, the lard of Marton, the lard of Mow, the lard of Reddell, the lard of Reamerside. George Trombull, Iohn Holliburton, Robert Car of Greiden, Adam Kirton, Andrew Kirton, Andrew Meither, Sander Spur of Erleston, Marke Car of Littleden, George Car of Faldenside, Alexander Makdowell, Charles Rotherford, Thomas Car of the Yere, Iohn Car of Meinthorne, Walter Holiburton, Richard Hanganside, Andrew Car, Iames Dowglas of Cauers, Iames Car of Mersington, George Hoppringle, William Ormeston of Enmerden, Iohn Grimstow. Manie more there were beside, but ouerpassed by maister Patten, for that they remained in the register with these, as he saith. The duke of Summerset tendred the furtherance of the worke so much, that he forbare not to laie his owne hand to the spade and shouell, thereby to incourage others: so as there were but few lords, knights, and gentlemen in the field, but with spade, shouell, or mattocke did therein their parts.

25 Sep 1547. The fiue and twentith of September being sundaie, the Scots began to bring vittels to the campe, & were so well intreated and paied for the same, that during the time of the Englishmens abode there, they wanted not of the commodities which their countrie could minister. The eight and twentith of September a Scotish herald accompanied with certeine Frenchmen, that were perchance more desirous to marke the armie than to wit of their welfare, came and declared that within a seauen-night after, their commissioners, to whome safe conduct had béene granted, should come and commune with our councell at Berwike; whose comming the earle of Warwike, and sir Rafe Sadler with other the commissioners appointed, did so long while there abide. But what the Scots ment by breaking promise I cannot saie, howbeit come they did not, & therfore escaped not the iust note of dissimulation, howsoeuer else they could colour the matter in their owne excuse.

25 Sep 1547. The same daie after noone, the duke of Summerset adorned with titles of dignitie diuerse lords, knights, and gentlemen, the names and promotions of whom master Patten hath set downe out of the heralds booke, as followeth: Sir Rafe Sadler treasuror, sir Francis Brian capteine of the light horssemen, sir Rafe Uane lieutenant of all the horssemen: these knights were made banerets, a dignitie aboue a knight, and next to a baron. The lord Greie of Wilton high marshall, the lord Edward Seimer the duke of Summersets son, the lord Thomas Howard, the lord Waldike a Cleuelander, sir Thomas Dacres, sir Edward Hastings, sir Edmund Bridges, sir Iohn Thin, sir Miles Patridge, sir Iohn Conweie, sir Giles Poole, sir Rafe Bagnoll, sir Oliuer Laurence, sir Henrie Gates, sir Thomas Chaloner, sir Francis Fleming master of the ordinance, sir Iohn Gresham, sir William Skipwith, sir Iohn Buts, sir George Blaag, sir William Francis, sir Francis Knolles, sir William Thornburrow, sir George Howard, sir Iames Wilford, sir Rafe Coppinger, sir Thomas Wentworth, sir Iohn Meruen, sir Nicholas Strange, sir Charles Sturton, sir Hugh Askue, sir Francis Salmin, sir Richard Tounleie, sir Marmaduke Conestable, sir George Audleie, sir Iohn Holcroft, sir Iohn Southworth, sir Thomas Danbie, sir Iohn Talbot, sir Rowland Clarke, sir Iohn Horsleie, sir Iohn Forster, sir Christopher Dies, sir Peter Negro, sir Alanzo de Uile, sir Henrie Husseie, sir Iames Granado Brabander, sir Walter Bonham, sir Robert Brandling maior of Newcastell, and made knight there at the duke of Summersets returne.

But now that Rockesburgh was sufficientlie made defensible (the which to sée it séemed the duke of Summerset had vowed before he would thence depart) his grace and the councell did first determine that my lord Greie should remaine vpon the borders there as the kings lieutenant, and then tooke order for the forts: that sir Andrew Dudleie capteine of Broughticrag had left with two hundred soldiers of harquebutters & others, and a sufficient number of pioners for his works: sir Edward Dudleie capteine of Hume castell threescore harquebutters, fortie horssemen, and a hundred pioners: sir Rafe Bulmer capteine of Rockesburgh thrée hundred soldiers of harquebutters and others, and two hundred pioners. As things were thus concluded, and warning giuen ouer night on this wednesdaie being Michaelmasse euen, on the next morrow being Michaelmasse daie euerie man fell to packing apase and got them homewards, passing ouer the Twéed there with some trouble and danger also, by reason of raine that latelie fell before, & had raised the streame, which being swift of it selfe, and the chanell vneuen in the bottome with great stones made the passage cumbersome, so that manie as well horssemen as footmen were in no small perill as they passed thorough, and one or two drowned, and manie cariages ouerthrowne, and in great hazzard of losing.

The duke of Summerset rode streight to Newcastell, and thence homewards. The earle of Warwike, my lord Greie, and sir Rafe Sadler, with diuerse other rode to Berwike, to abide the comming of the Scotish commissioners. In the meane time of their tarieng there, the earle of Warwike made sir knights; sir Thomas Neuill the lord Neuils brother, sir Andrew Corbet, sir Anthonie Strelleie, sir Arthur Manering, sir Richard Uerneie, sir Iohn Berteuille. After that the earle of Warwike had taried for the comming of the Scots the full terme of the appointment, which was vntill the fourth of October, and perceiued they came not, the next daie he departed homewards.

Here ye haue to vnderstand also, that in part of the meane time whilest the duke of Summerset was in dooing of these exploits in Scotland (as ye haue heard rehearsed) the earle of Lenox, and the lord Wharton warden of the west marches, with an armie of fiue thousand men, entred Scotland on that side, and first passing two miles after a daie and a nights defense, they wan the church of Annan, tooke seuentie & two prisoners kéepers of the same, burnt the spoile for cumber of cariage, and caused the church to be blowen vp with powder, passing thence a sixtéene miles within the land, they wan the castell of Milke, the which they left furnished with munition and men, and so returned. But of this ye shall find more in the historie of Scotland, by the sufferance of God, where we intreat of the dooings there in this yeare.

Thus much haue I collected out of master Pattens booke, or rather exemplified the same, not much digressing from his owne words, except where I haue bin forced to abridge his worke in some places, wishing to haue inserted the whole, if the purpose of this volume would haue so permitted, as well for the full vnderstanding of euerie particular point, by him remembred, as also for his pleasant and apt ma [...]er of penning the same. Whilest the lord protector was abrode thus in wars against the Scots, the lords of the councell that remained at home, chiefelie by the good and diligent calling on and furtherance of the archbishop of Canturburie, and others of the cleargie, tooke order for the aduancement of religion, causing the bookes of homilies and the paraphrase of Erasmus to be set foorth and had in churches.

At the comming backe of the lord protector from his iourneie into Scotland, the citizens of London determined to haue receiued him with great triumph: but he hearing thereof, forbad them in anie wise so to doo:

for (said he) if anie thing hath béene doone to the honour of the realme, it was Gods dooing, and therefore willed them to giue him the praise.

Neuerthelesse the maior and aldermen, with certeine of the commoners in their liueries and their hoods, hearing of his approch to the citie, the eight daie of October met him in Finnesburie field, where he tooke each of them by the hand, and thanked them for their good wils. The lord maior did ride with him till they came to the pound in Smithfield, where his grace left them, and rode to his house of Shene that night, and the next daie to the king to Hampton court. The fourth daie of Nouember began a parlement, called and holden at Westminster, which continued till the foure and twentith of December next following, & was then proroged. In this parlement, all colleges, chanteries, and frée chappels were giuen to the king, and the statute of the six articles was repealed, with diuerse others tending to the like end. Moreouer, during this parlement visiters being appointed to visit in London, the sixtéenth of Nouember began to take downe the images in Paules church: and shortlie after all the images in euerie church, not onelie through London, but also throughout the whole realme, were pulled downe and defaced.

The lord protector and others of the councell, considering now in what sort they had got foothold in Scotland, by reason of such peeces as they had taken and fortified within the realme, did deuise for the more suertie of those places, which they had alreadie got, and the better to bring the rest of the countrie vnto reason, to haue some holds also more within the land, and therefore first they caused a fort to be builded at Lowder, where sir Hugh Willoughbie was appointed capteine with a conuenient garrison of soldiers to kéepe it. Beside this, it was thought expedient to fortifie the towne of Hadington, wherevpon the lord Greie lieutenant of the north parts, with sir Thomas Palmer, and sir Thomas Holcroft, were appointed to go thither with a conuenient number of men of warre & pioners to sée that towne fensed with trenches, rampiers, and bulworks, as should séeme to his lordship necessarie and behoouefull; who therefore entring into Scotland the eightéenth of Aprill, passed forth to Hadington, where he began to fortifie, and there remained to sée the worke brought to some perfection. During his abode there, diuerse exploits were both valiantlie attempted and luckilie atchiued by his martiall conduct and politike direction, as occasions offred might moue him, which I would gladlie haue set downe at large, if I could haue come to the true vnderstanding thereof; but sith I cannot get the same, in such full manner as I haue wished, that yet which I haue learned by true report (as I take it) I haue thought good to impart to the reader.

28 May 1548. The eight and twentith of Maie, his lordship wan the castell of Yester, after he had beaten it right sore with terrible batterie of canon shot for the time it lasted, and therewith hauing made a reasonable breach for the soldiers to enter, they within yéelded with condition to haue their liues saued: which the lord Greie was contented to grant to them all, one onelie excepted, who during the siege vttered vnséemelie words of the king, abusing his maiesties name with vile and most opprobrious termes. They all comming foorth of the castell in their shirts, humbled themselues to my lord Greie (as became them) and vpon strait examination who should be the railer that was excepted out of the pardon, it was knowne to be one Newton a Scot: but he to saue himselfe, put it to one Hamilton, and so these two gentlemen accusing one an other, the truth could not be decided otherwise than by a combat, which they required, and my lord Greie therevnto assented, and pronounced iudgement so to haue it tried: which he did the rather, bicause all men doo séeme resolute in the triall of truth (as in a verie good cause) by losse of life to gaine an endlesse name; as one saith:

Mors spernenda viris vt fama perennis alatur.

At the appointed time they entered the lists, set vp for that purpose in the market place of Hadington, without other apparell sauing their doublets and hosen, weaponed with sword, buckler and dagger. At the first entrie into the lists, Hamilton kneeling downe,[...] them. made his hartie praier to God, that it might please him to giue victorie vnto the truth, with solemne protestation that he neuer vttred anie such words of king Edward of England, as his aduersarie charged him with. On the other side Newton being troubled (as it séemed) with his false accusation, argued vnto the beholders his guiltie conscience. Now were the sticklers in a readinesse, and the combattors with their weapons drawne fell to it, so that betwixt them were striken six or seuen blowes right lustilie. But Hamilton being verie fierce and egre, vpon trust of his innocencie, constreined Newton to giue ground almost to the end of the lists; and if he had driuen him to the end in déed, then by the law of armes he had woone the victorie. Newton perceiuing himselfe to be almost at point to be thus ouercome, stept forwards againe, and gaue Hamilton such a gash on the leg, that he was not able longer to stand, but fell therewith downe to the ground, and then Newton falling on him, incontinentlie slue him with a dagger.

There were gentlemen present that knowing as they tooke it for certeine, how Newton was the offendor (although fortune had fauoured him in the combat) would gladlie haue ventured their liues against him man for man, if it might haue béene granted: but he chalenging the law of armes, had it granted by my lord Greie, who gaue him also his owne gowne beside his owne backe, and a chaine of gold which he then ware. Thus was he well rewarded how so euer he deserued: but he escaped not so, for afterwards as he was riding betwixt the borders of both the realms, he was slaine and cut in péeces. On the fourth of Iune, the towne of Dawketh was burnt, and the castell woone by force, where fourteene Scots were slaine, and three hundred taken prisoners, amongst whome were these men of name; the maister of Morton, son in law to sir George Dowglasse, the lard of Blengaruie, the lard of Wedderburne, and one Alexander Hume, a man of good reputation among them. The same daie the English horssemen burnt all the mils round about Edenburgh, within the compasse of six miles on each side the towne. The seuenth of Iune they burnt Muskelburgh. Now after that my lord Greie had fortified Hadington, and furnished it with vittels, and munitions sufficient, the twelfe of Iune he departed from thence homewards, leauing there in garrison about two thousand footmen, and fiue hundred horssemen.

In this meane time, Henrie the French king succeeding his father Francis the first (who departed this life the last of March in the yere last past, to wit, 1547) made prouision of an armie, with a nauie of ships and gallies, to passe into Scotland to the aid of the quéene and other of his faction. And first he had sent thither monsieur de la Chapelle de Biron, a gentleman of good account, to assist the gouernour with his aduise and counsell, which gouernour desirous to recouer the castell of Broughticrag, and loth to sée it possessed by the Englishmen raised a power of eight thousand men, and with eight péeces of artilleris came before that fortresse, meaning to win it by siege; but by the valiant prowes of sir Andrew Dudleie, and the hardie manhood of such English souldiors as serued there vnder him, the Scots were repelled, and driuen to leuie their siege with dishonor.

Yet not thus contented, the earle of Argile with an armie of his Irish Scots, or Hieland men (if I maie so call them) after this likewise came and besieged the place, but glad to take truce for a time with sir Andrew. Before the tearme of the same truce was expired, there came new succours to him, and therevpon the earle in the end was constrained to leuie his siege, and suffer the Englishmen to become maisters of a little hill not farre off from the castell, where afterwards they builded a fortresse. But to returne to the French armie which was prepared to passe into Scotland, ye shall vnderstand that when their ships and prouisions were once readie, and the capteins with their bands come downe to Brest in Britaine, where the nauie was rigged to receiue them, monsieur de Desse generall of all the armie, reckoned to conteine seuen or eight thousand men, imbarked himselfe with all his people, and sailed foorth on his iournie, till they arriued in the Forth, and there tooke land at Lieth the sixteenth of Iune.

Shortlie after, hauing got their great artillerie on land, and taken aduise with the lord gouernour & other of the Scotish nobilitie, whome they found at Edenburgh, how to proceed in prosecuting the war against the Englishmen, it was resolued that without delaie they shuld trie their forces about the recouerie of Hadington, and go to besiege that towne, before they attempted anie further exploit. The gouernour and other of the Scotish lords, hauing with them seuen or eight hundred light horssemen, offred to go with them, to the better aduancing forward of that enterprise. Herevpon setting forward, and comming to Muskelburgh, the capteins with a certeine number of horssemen and footmen, as well of Scots as Frenchmen, were appointed to go before to view the said towne of Hadington. Upon their approch neere to the towne, there issued foorth certeine Englishmen and Italians, that were of Tiberios band, which skirmished with them right stoutlie, till at length the Frenchmen and Scots retired backe to Lauret a little from Muskelburgh (where their armie incamped for that night) and the Englishmen and Italians returned backe to their fortresse.

The next daie the Frenchmen and Scots with their whole power came before Hadington, where they were welcomed with a right sharpe and hot skirmish, in which was slaine with an harquebuse shot, one of the French capteins called Uilleneufue. In the meane time whilest this skirmish continued, the Reinsgraue with his Almans incamped himselfe on the one side of the towne, where the maister of the ordinance in the French armie, named monsieur Duno, caused trenches to be cast for the safe placing of the artillerie: the Englishmen still kept them occupied on each side the towne with skirmishing, to the annoiance of the aduersaries. To conclude, they incamped before the towne, cast trenches, lodged their ordinance, & laid their siege to the most aduantage, so far as they might be suffered. Shortlie after that this siege was planted, there came to the aid of the French, the earle of Argile, with a great number of Irish Scots, and monsieur de la Chapelle brought an eight or nine hundred Scotish pioners, which began a trench on the left hand of the abbeie gate, and likewise a trauerse to couer their souldiors that should watch and ward, from danger of the shot out of the towne on that side.

The Englishmen with often issues gaue their aduersaries small rest, procuring manie hot skirmishes, as occasion serued. At one of the which skirmishes Piero Strozzi, coronell of three ensigns of Italians, was striken with a musket shot. Yet monsieur de Desse inforcing the siege to the vttermost of his power, caused one night with helpe of baskets filled with earth, six peeces of artillerie to be planted in batterie fast at the towne side, which at the breake of daie began to shoot off, and discharged that present daie thrée hundred and fortie shots. But after they perceiued that they did litle hurt to the fortifications of the towne in that place where this batterie was laid: the next night, the baskets & peeces of artillerie were remooued lower, and not past three score pases from the ditches of the towne, where the next daie two hundred shots were discharged against the rampire. To conclude, they made such breaches in sundrie places for easie entrie into the towne, that it was greatlie maruelled whie they durst not assaie to giue a generall assault.

They lodged so neare within the verie ditches, that there were deuised certeine plummets of lead, tied with cords to a truncheon of a staffe, like to an handstaffe of a flaile, wherewith the souldiors that watched and warded within the towne on the rampire, slue diuerse of the Frenchmen being their lodged within their ditches. Thus notwithstanding that the Frenchmen with their artillerie had broken downe the fortifications, so as the breaches were made verie reasonable and easie for them to enter; yet durst they not presume once to giue the assault: for the Englishmen although their powder was sore spent, and that for want of matches they were constreined to teare their shirts, and vse the same in sted of matches; yet they shewed themselues so valiant in defending the towne thus beaten & made weake on each hand, that there was no hope left to their aduersaries to win it of them by force. Although the French power on the one side, and eight thousand Scots on an other had so inuironed it, that the Englishmen within were driuen to most hard shifts, for want of things necessarie & requisite for their maintenance and defense of that towne.

But yet whilest they remained thus in such distresse and necessitie of things, two hundred Englishmen vnder the conduct of capteine Windham, Warham Seintleger, and Iohn Car of Warke, found meanes one night to passe through all the watches on that side where the Scots laie, and entering the towne, and bringing with them great plentie of powder, and other necessaries, greatlie relieued them within, & so incouraged them, that they séemed to make small account of their enimies forces. Herevpon within few daies after, the Scots (fiue or six hundred light horssemen onelie excepted) brake vp their campe and returned home. After this, my lord Greie remaining at Berwike, ment to make a voiage himselfe in person for the reliefe of them that were thus besieged in Hadington. Now when all things were so farre in a readinesse as the next daie he ment to haue set forward, letters were brought that night from the court, willing him to performe that seruice by a deputie, and to staie himselfe till the comming of the earle of Shrewesburie, who was appointed with an armie to come verie shortlie as generall into those parties.

My lord Greie herevpon appointed in his stead sir Robert Bowes, and sir Thomas Palmer, to go thither, who comming to Dunglas, left there certeine bands of footmen, and with the horssemen being in number thirtéene hundred (whereof seuen hundred lances were appointed vnder the charge of sir Thomas Palmer) they rode forward to accomplish their enterprise: but the French capteins hauing knowledge of their comming, they prouided the best they could to repell them, appointing foure venlins or ensignes of lanceknights to kéepe a standing watch that night in the trenches, and the like number of French ensignes to watch about their campe. All the other of their bands were commanded to take rest, but yet with their armour on their backs.

Their generall monsieur de Desse himselfe, monsieur de Mailleraie admerall of their fléet, monsieur Dandelot coronell of the French footmen, Piero Strozzi coronell of the Italians, the Reinsgraue coronell of the lanceknights, and all other the noble men and capteins of honour among them were all night long in armour, trauelling vp and downe, some on horssebacke, and some on foot, to visit the watches and scouts, set in places and waies by the which they suspected that the Englishmen ment to come. The lord Hume riding abrode to learne what he might of the Englishmens demeanour, earlie in the morning returned to the campe, and certified monsieur de Desse, that they were at hand. Herewith were the Scotish and French horssemen that kept the scout called in, and monsieur Dandelot with great expedition ranged his battell of footmen in order, and so likewise did the Reinsgraue his Almans.

The Englishmen diuided into two bands came and shewed themselues in the sight of the towne, and charging such Scots and Frenchmen as came foorth to incounter them, gaue them the ouerthrow at two seuerall charges: but finallie presuming too farre vpon their good lucke thus chancing to them in the beginning, followed in chase those that fled before them, vntill at length they were inclosed and shut vp betwixt the French footmen on the one side, and the Almans on the other. And herewith the Scotish horsmen vnder the conduct of the lords, Humes & Dune, & the French horssemen led by monsieur de Etauges their generall, being assembled togither eftsoones, after they had beene so repelled, were now readie to come forward againe: and perceiuing their footmen so to haue inuironed the Englishmen, that they were not able to recouer themselues, nor to get out of danger, but by disordring their ranks to take them to flight, followed amaine, so that those which escaped the Frenchmens hands were taken by the Scots that pursued them in chase, so that few were saued that were not either slaine or taken. My lord Greie lost thréescore and twelue great horsses, and an hundred geldings, with all the men vpon them, armed with his lordships owne furniture, onelie foure or fiue of his men came home, of the which Thomas Cornwallis now groome porter to the Quéene Elizabeth.quéenes maiestie was one, and Robert Car esquier an other then page to my said lord Greie.

The vnaduised rashnesse of sir Thomas Palmer was thought to be the chiefe occasion of this distresse of those horssemen, who after they had doone sufficientlie for that time, would needs haue them to giue a new charge, and so were discomfited. After this ouerthrow and chase of our horssemen, the armie that was leuied to passe into Scotland was hasted forward with all spéed possible: for although before the comming of the English horssemen, the French, vpon aduertisement giuen that they meant to come, had plucked backe their great artillerie, and sent the same vnto Edenburgh, kéeping onelie with them six field-péeces, and herewith remooued their campe further off from the towne: yet by forestalling vitels and all other necessarie things from them within, they were driuen to such distresse, that they must of force haue left the towne to the enimies, if some power had not come within a while to remooue the siege that laie thus to annoie them.

When therefore the armie was come to Newcastell, & the earle of Shrewesburie generall lieutenant of the same was there arriued, they passed forward to Berwike, and from thense marched streight towards Hadington. The number of the Englishmen and strangers was reported at the point of fifteene thousand, whereof thrée thousand were Almans vnder the conduct of a right woorthie and expert chiefteine, named Conrad Phenning, commonlie called Cortpenie. Beside this armie by land, there was also furnished foorth a fléet by sea, vnder the conduct of the lord Clinton high admerall of England, and other capteins of great experience in affaires and seruice by sea. This fléet was appointed so to kéepe course with the armie by land, that the one might be euer in sight of the other. Monsieur de Desse aduertised of the comming forward of this armie, durst not abide their comming,[...] but raised his field, and retired with his armie toward Edenburgh: howbeit they were no sooner dislodged, but that a great troope of the English horssemen were got within sight of them, and coasted them all the waie as they marched for the space of seuen or eight miles, in maner to as farre as Muskelburgh, where the Frenchmen staied, and incamped in a place chosen foorth to their most aduantage.

The earle of Shrewesburie, and the lord Greie with the armie comming vnto Hadington, were ioifullie receiued of the capteins and soldiours within: where it might appeare how valiantlie they had defended that towne during the siege, being so destitute of all things necessarie for their reléefe; and the fortifications so weake, that if the noble prowesse of their woorthie generall sir Iames Wilford, and the incomparable manhood of the rest of the capteins and soldiours had not supplied all other wants, it was thought impossible that they should haue defended the place so long a time against such forces as had beene there imploied against them. But such was the vndanted valiancie of that noble crue and garrison, that euen the verie enimies themselues could not but yeeld high commendations to the capteins and soldiours for the hardie forwardnesse and manhood, which at all times they had found and tried in them at all points of seruice, when they came to deale with them. And verelie their same deserueth to be had in memorie for euer, not onelie for their woorthie atchiued exploits, doone by force of hand, to the beating backe and repelling of the enimies, but also for their patient susteining of hunger, thirst, continuall watching, nakednesse, sickenesse, and all other such calamities and miseries, as want of things necessarie for the reléefe and maintenance of mans life is woont to bring, to those that are inclosed in such wise by the enimie. All which extremities they were well content to susteine, so that it might turne to the benefit and renowme of their countrie, in comparison whereof they esteemed all things else verie vile and contemptible, were the same neuer so good, as the poet saith:

Tantus amor patriae mortalia pectora tangit,

Natalisque soli, prae quo bona caetera sordent.

The noble earle of Shrewesburie could not forbeare to shed teares, to vnderstand and perceiue that such woorthie soldiours should suffer such great distresse, whose valiant hearts could not be quailed with anie afflictions. Thus with mournefull imbracings intermixed with pitifull regards they met. The earle entering the towne, furnished it with new bands of men, good store of vittels, munition, and all other things conuenient, and as then thought requiquisit. Thus hauing refreshed the towne, within two daies after he passed foorth towards the enimies, appointing by the aduise of that noble chiefteine the lord Greie, certeine bands of horssemen to kéepe themselues close togither in ambush, and to send a few to the French campe, to trie if they might traine the Frenchmen out of their strength. And as they wished, it partlie came to passe: for diuerse of their horssemen issued foorth of their campe, and proffered the skirmish. The Englishmen suffered themselues to be chased, vntill they had got their enimies within danger of their ambush, and then whirling about, gaue them the charge, inforcing them to make their careir backe, with more than an easie gallop; so that hauing the Frenchmen thus in chase, they slue and tooke diuerse, and among the prisoners were two capteins, Pierre Longue, and one Lucinet. The others that escaped, returned with this losse to their campe.

09 Oct 1547. The ninth of October being tuesdaie, monsieur de Desse, with his Frenchmen and Almans, came in the morning long before daie to Hadington, meaning to haue woone the towne by stealth. And verelie the enterprise was gouerned in such secret maner, that the Frenchmen had killed the English scouts, and were entered the base court, yer anie alarum was raised: and hauing slaine the watch, some of them ran to a place behind a church, where the Englishmen had their vittels and munitions, and some thrust vp to the towne gate, inforsing with great violence to breake it open, crieng with noise and shouts, Uictorie, victorie, whereof in déed they accounted themselues then assured. And questionles the Englishmen being thus wakened out of their sléeps on the sudden, were in some great disorder; so that manie of them came running foorth without either armour or apparell, their shirts excepted; & others ran they wist not well whither, nor where to take héed. But yet as the Frenchmen were thronged togither at the gate to breake it open, a Frenchman (as their writers doo report) that serued within the towne, but as other saie Tiberio capteine of the Italians, with his match light gaue fier to a double canon, that laie readie bent against the gate, so that the same shooting off, made such a lane among the Frenchmen, that they were glad to giue place, and with such a fearefull crie, that those which were behind, not vnderstanding what losse their fellowes before had susteined, brake their arraie and fled amaine.

The Englishmen herewith passed through a priuie posterne into the base court, and comming vpon them with their halberds, and blacke bils, slue of them great plentie, and droue the rest that escaped ouer the wall in such hast, that happie was he that could tumble ouer first. Monsieur de Desse yet gathering them togither againe, gaue that morning thrée sharpe assaults to the towne, but was repelled with great losse, for they caried awaie with them sixtéene carts and wagons laden with hurt persons and dead carcasses, besides thrée hundred that were found in the base court, which they could not come to, after they were beaten out, to take awaie with them. And thus was monsieur de Desse constreined to returne, repenting himselfe of that his bold attempted enterprise, hauing lost no small number of his Frenchmen and Almans, being slaine in the place. In this meane time, the kings maiestie summoned his high court of parlement, to be holden vpon prorogation at Westminster the fourth of Nouember, where it continued till the fourteenth of March next insuing.

In the meane time, the proceedings for the Scotish wars was not forgotten, whervpon in the deepe of the winter, there were conueied certeine bands of the English lancequenets, and some number of Englishmen, both horssemen and footmen by sea vnto Bronghticrag; and passing from thence vnto Dundée, a two miles from thence, entred the towne, and began to fortifie it: but shortlie after by the comming of the French armie with monsieur de Desse, they left it, first spoiling the houses, and after set them on fire at their departure. The Reinsgraue coronell of the Almans, and monsieur de Etauges, being sent by monsieur de Desse before, entered Dundee, and lodged within it. Within two daies after their comming thither, they tooke certeine of their bands, and going foorth did view and surueie the new fort, which the Englishmen had begun to make on the hill, a small distance from the castell. But the Englishmen and their Almans issuing foorth against them, were at their elbowes yer they were halfe well aduised that they were got so neare them, whereby being driuen hastilie to retire, they hardlie escaped out of danger, being so hotlie pursued, that if the Reinsgraue had not shewed his approoued valiancie, guided with no lesse policie than manhood, the whole troope had béene (as was thought) vtterlie distressed.

In Christmasse this yéere the castell of Hume was recouered out of the Englishmens hands, through treson of certeine assured Scots, that vsing to bring vittels of the Englishmen that kept it, had marked all the manner of the scouts and watches, with the places of the wall where the clime was most easie. Whervpon in the night season, certeine of the Scots secretlie comming into the ditches, got vp to the heigth of the wals, and entring the place, slue and tooke vpon the sudden all that were within it.