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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Swithred King of Essex -758

Paternal Family Tree: Essex

Swithred King of Essex was born to [his father] Sebbi of Essex. Sigeric I King of Essex succeeded King Essex.

In 746 Saelred King of Essex (age 37) died. His first cousin four times removed Swithred succeeded King Essex.

Ancestors of Swithred King of Essex

Great x 4 Grandfather: Sledd King of Essex

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Sæberht of Essex

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ricula of Kent

Great x 2 Grandfather: Sexred King of Essex

Great x 1 Grandfather: Sæbbi King of Essex

GrandFather: Sigeheard King of Essex

Father: Sebbi of Essex

Swithred King of Essex