Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Effigy of Effigy in Great Malvern Church is in Monumental Effigies of Great Britain.
THIS unappropriated figure is of the same period with that of Longespee, Earl of Salisbury. There are some remarkable peculiarities in the arms which it bears. In the right hand is a formidable martel de fer, horseman's hammer, or pole-axe, formed on the same principle as the pick-axe of the labourer, but shorter in the head, which measures about nine inches, and has one cutting and one pointed end; apparently a most efficient weapon for breaking defensive armour, beating down and wounding opponents. In the left hand is a circular target, eighteen inches in diameter. On the left side is suspended the broad-bladed sword of the time.