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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Sandes aka Sandys
In 1614 [his father] Edwin Sandes (age 23) and [his mother] Penelope Bulkeley were married. They were half sixth cousins.
On 15th June 1615 Samuel Sandes was born to [his father] Edwin Sandes (age 24) and [his mother] Penelope Bulkeley.
On 6th September 1623 [his father] Edwin Sandes (age 32) died. He was buried in St John the Baptist Church, Wickhamford.
Before 1637 Samuel Sandes (age 21) and Mary Barker were married.
Around 1637 [his son] Samuel Sandes was born to Samuel Sandes (age 21) and [his wife] Mary Barker. He married before 1659 Elizabeth Pettus and had issue.
In April 1640 Samuel Sandes (age 24) was elected MP Droitwich.
Thomas Jermyn (age 67) was elected MP Cambridge University.
Thomas Jermyn (age 23) was elected MP Corfe Castle, Dorset.
Henry Jermyn 1st Earl St Albans (age 35) was elected MP Corfe Castle, Dorset.
John Jennings was elected MP St Albans.
Ambrose Browne 1st Baronet was elected MP Surrey.
John Curzon 1st Baronet (age 41) was elected MP Derbyshire.
George Fane of Burston (age 59) was elected MP Maidstone.
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In November 1640 Samuel Sandes (age 25) was elected MP Droitwich in the Long Parliament.
On 23rd October 1642 the Battle of Edge Hill was fought at Edge Hill [Map]. The Royal army was commanded by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41) (with his son King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 12) present), Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland (age 22) and Richard Spencer (age 49) commanded the army that included Maurice Palatinate Simmern (age 21), Richard Byron 2nd Baron Byron (age 36), Lucius Carey 2nd Viscount Falkland (age 32), Charles Cavendish (age 22), Henry Newton aka Puckering 3rd Baronet (age 24), Spencer Compton 2nd Earl of Northampton (age 41), Thomas Salusbury 2nd Baronet (age 30), John Byron 1st Baron Byron (age 43) and William Feilding 1st Earl Denbigh (age 55).
George Stewart 9th Seigneur D'Aubigny (age 24) was killed.
Of the Parliamentary army Basil Feilding 2nd Earl Denbigh (age 34) and Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex (age 51). Oliver St John 5th Baron St John (age 39) was wounded.
Samuel Sandes (age 27) commanded a troop of horse.
[his brother] Richard Sandes (age 26) was killed.
Thomas Strickland (age 20) was knighted on the field for his gallantry.
Henry Hunloke 1st Baronet (age 24) was knighted by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.
William Dugdale (age 37) witnessed the battle and subsequently surveyed the battlefield.
John Hinton (age 38) was present.
Edward Verney (age 52) was killed.
John Assheton (age 29) was killed.
Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey (age 59) was killed. His son Montagu (age 34) succeeded 2nd Earl Lindsey, 15th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.
William Pennyman 1st Baronet (age 35) commanded a regiment, of which he served as Colonel, which he led for the King.
Edward Stradling 2nd Baronet (age 42) fought for the King, was captured imprisoned for seven months, and died a month after his release.
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Before 1659 [his son] Samuel Sandes (age 21) and [his daughter-in-law] Elizabeth Pettus were married.
In 1660 Samuel Sandes (age 44) was elected MP Droitwich in the Convention Parliament.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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In 1661 Samuel Sandes (age 45) was elected MP Droitwich in the Convention Parliament.
In 1661 Samuel Sandes (age 45) was elected MP Worcestershire in the Cavalier Parliament.
In 1681 Samuel Sandes (age 65) was elected MP Droitwich in the Cavalier Parliament.
In 1685 Samuel Sandes (age 69) was elected MP Droitwich in the Convention Parliament.
On 5th April 1685 Samuel Sandes (age 69) died. He was buried in St Andrew's Church, Ombersley.
Kings Wessex: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 14 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 20 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 15 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 8 Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 14 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 18 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 22 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Sandes
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Sandes
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Rawson
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Sandes
Great x 1 Grandfather: Archbishop Edwin Sandes
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Dixon of Lindale
GrandFather: Samuel Sandes
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Wilford
Great x 1 Grandmother: Cecily Wilford
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Whetenhall of Hextall's Court in Kent
Great x 2 Grandmother: Rose Whetenhall
Father: Edwin Sandes
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Culpepper 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter Culpepper
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Gaynsford
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Culpepper
Great x 1 Grandfather: Martin Culpepper
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Barrett
Great x 2 Grandmother: Cicely Barrett
GrandMother: Mercy Culpepper
Samuel Sandes 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Bulkeley
Great x 3 Grandfather: Rowland Bulkeley
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ellen Griffith
Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard Bulkeley of Beaumaris
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Beconsall
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Beconsall
Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Bulkeley
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Griffith Chamberlain
Great x 2 Grandmother: Katherine Griffith
GrandFather: Richard Bulkeley 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Savage 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Savage of Frodsham 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothy Vernon 
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Savage 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Savage 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Mother: Penelope Bulkeley 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Burgh 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Ros Baroness Botreaux Baroness Burgh 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Burgh 7th Baron Cobham 5th Baron Strabolgi 1st Baron Burgh 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Cobham 5th Baron Cobham 
7 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Cobham 6th Baroness Cobham, Baroness Mountjoy and Strabolgi 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Stafford Baroness Cobham Sternborough 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Burgh 8th Baron Cobham 6th Baron Strabolgi 2nd Baron Burgh 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Tyrwhitt
Great x 2 Grandmother: Agnes Tyrwhitt Baroness Cobham, Strabolgi and Burgh 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Constable 
8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Constable 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Wentworth 
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Mary Burgh 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England