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Biography of George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 1624-1705

Paternal Family Tree: Hanover

Maternal Family Tree: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 1601-1659

In 1617 [his father] George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 34) and [his mother] Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 15) were married. She by marriage Duchess Brunswick Lüneburg.

On 26th January 1624 George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg was born to [his father] George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 41) and [his mother] Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 22).

On 12th April 1641 [his father] George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 59) died. His son [his brother] Christian (age 19) succeeded Duke Brunswick Lüneburg.

In 1643 [his brother-in-law] Frederick III King of Denmark (age 33) and [his sister] Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark (age 14) were married. She the daughter of [his father] George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg and [his mother] Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 41). He the son of Christian IV King of Denmark (age 65). They were sixth cousins.

On 28th February 1648 Christian IV King of Denmark (age 70) died. His son [his brother-in-law] Frederick (age 38) succeeded III King of Denmark. [his sister] Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark (age 19) by marriage Queen Consort Denmark.

On 30th September 1658 [his brother] Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 28) and [his sister-in-law] Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern (age 27) were married. She the daughter of Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine and Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 62). He the son of [his father] George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg and [his mother] Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 57).

On 6th May 1659 [his mother] Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 57) died.

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In 1665 [his brother] Christian Ludwig Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 43) died. His brother George (age 40) succeeded Duke Brunswick Lüneburg.

On 12th November 1665 George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 41) and [his future wife] Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg were married, or undertook a marriage of sorts, often referred to as morganatic i.e. informal, below his station.

Une mésalliance dans la maison de Brunswick, 1665-1725: Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuze, duchesse de Zell:

Pages 44-There, George William made a final attempt. He offered Éléonore a special commitment, one that would seal their union in a lasting way, proving his affection and removing any sense of humiliation in her situation. He promised to live with Éléonore always, assuring her an honorable position at his court and a dower should he predecease her. He even pledged to convince his brother and sister-in-law to co-sign the agreement, formalizing his commitment.

This document, in which the Bishop of Osnabrück and Duchess Sophie vouched for Duke George William's constancy, was the only assurance given to Éléonore. On November 12, 1665, the Duchess wrote to Elector Charles Louis: "The marriage of conscience between Duke George William and Olbreuze is public, although the consummation was done quietly, without candles or witnesses."

All historical works printed in the last century, or during the time of George William, place the "marriage" of the Duke in the year 1665 and refer to Éléonore as his wife from that point onward. However, in reality, no formal ceremony took place. The only official document was a ducal order dated November 15, 1665, guaranteeing Éléonore a dowry in the form of an annual income of five thousand écus, should George William predecease her.

L'enterrement du duc Christian-Louis devait se faire à Zell, le 11 novembre 1665. Toute la cour de l'évêque d'Osnabruck s'y rendit, mademoiselle d'Olbreuze voyageant avec les filles d'honneur de la duchesse Sophie. Là, Georges-Guillaume tenta un dernier effort. Il offrit à Éléonore de faire en sa faveur un acte d'un caractère tout spécial, et qui, scellant leur union d'une façon durable, prouverait l'affection qu'il lui portait et ôterait à la défaite de celle qu'il aimait ce qu'elle pouvait avoir d'humiliant. Il promettait de vivre toujours avec Eléonore, lui assurant une situation honorable à sa cour et un douaire s'il mourait avant elle. Il se faisait fort de décider son frère et sa belle-sœur à signer avec lui l'acte dans lequel il prendrait cet engagement (I).

Cet écrit, dans lequel l'évêque d'Osnabruck et la duchesse Sophie se portaient garants de la constance du duc Georges-Guillaume, fut la seule assurance donnée à Eléonore. Le 12 novembre 1665, la duchesse écrivait à l'électeur Charles-Louis: "Le mariage de conscience entre le duc Georges-Guillaume et l'Olbreuze est public, quoique la consommation a esté faite à la sourdine sans chandelles ny tesmoins".

Tous les ouvrages historiques imprimés au siècle dernier, ou à l'époque de Georges-Guillaume, placent à l'année 1665 le "mariage" du duc et appellent dès lors Eléonore sa femme . Pourtant, de fait, aucune cérémonie n'eut lieu. Le seul acte officiel fut un ordre ducal daté du 15 novembre 1665 et assurant comme douaire à Éléonore, en cas de prédécès de Georges-Guillaume, une rente de cinq mille écus.

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On 15th September 1666 [his illegitimate daughter] Sophia Dorothea of Celle was born illegitimately to George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 42) and [his future wife] Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg. She married (1) 21st November 1682 her first cousin King George I, son of Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern, and had issue.

On 2nd April 1676 George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 52) and Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg were married. She by marriage Duchess Brunswick Lüneburg. He the son of George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg.

On 21st November 1682 [his son-in-law] George Louis of Hanover (age 22) and [his illegitimate daughter] Sophia Dorothea of Celle (age 16) were married. The marriage had been arranged by their respective fathers [his brother] Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 53) and George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 58), and his mother [his sister-in-law] Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern (age 52). She the illegitmate daughter of George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg and [his wife] Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg. He the son of Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern. They were first cousins. He a great grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

In 20th February 1685 [his sister] Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark (age 56) died.

In 1690 George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 65) was appointed 500th Knight of the Garter by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 27).

On 19th December 1692 [his brother] Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 63) was elected Elector Brunswick Lüneburg.

On 28th December 1694 the marriage of the future [his son-in-law] King George I (age 34) and [his illegitimate daughter] Sophia Dorothea of Celle (age 28) was dissolved. Sophia Dorothea was named as the guilty party for "maliciously leaving her husband". She was forbidden to remarry or to see her children again; her name was removed from official documents, she was stripped of her title of Electoral Princess. She was imprisoned for life.

On 23rd January 1698 [his brother] Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 68) died.

On 28th August 1705 George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 81) died.

Royal Ancestors of George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 1624-1705

Kings Wessex: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings England: Great x 13 Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 14 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks

Kings France: Great x 18 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 22 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Royal Descendants of George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 1624-1705
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [1]

Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia [1]

Ancestors of George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 1624-1705

George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis II Landgrave of Hesse 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: William II Landgrave of Hesse 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Landgrave Philip I of Hesse 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Landgrave George I of Hesse Darmstadt 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert III Duke Saxony 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: George Duke of Saxony 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Christine of Saxony 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Casimir IV King Poland

Great x 3 Grandmother: Barbara Jagiellon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth Habsburg Queen Consort Poland 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

GrandFather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Mother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England