The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath is in Viscount Ireland.
In 1628 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Earl Leinster [aged 43] was created 1st Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath. Catherine Stanhope Countess Leinster by marriage Viscountess Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath.
On 8th October 1659 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Earl Leinster [aged 75] died. He was buried at the Chancel of St Oswald's Church, Malpas [Map]. Earl Leinster, Baron Cholmondley Wich Malbank in Cheshire, Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath and Baronet Cholmondley of Cholmondeley extinct.
In early 1661 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 30] rewarded of further tranche of those who supported his Restoration...
On 2nd January 1661 Henry Bedingfield 1st Baronet [aged 46] was created 1st Baronet Bedingfield of Oxburgh in Norfolk.
On 10th January 1661 Andrew Rutherford 1st Earl Teviot was created 1st Baron Rutherford with special remainder to his heirs and assignees whatsoever, and that under what provisions, restrictions, and conditions the said Lord Rutherford should think fit.
On 23rd January 1661 John Cole 1st Baronet [aged 41] was created Baronet Cole of Newland.
On 23rd February 1661 Edward Smythe 1st Baronet [aged 41] was created 1st Baronet Smythe.
On 4th March 1661 Compton Reade 1st Baronet [aged 36] was created 1st Baronet Reade of Barton in Berkshire. Mary Cornwall Lady Reade [aged 31] by marriage Lady Reade of Barton in Berkshire.
On 10th March 1661 Brian Broughton 1st Baronet [aged 42] was created 1st Baronet Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire.
On 20th March 1661 Thomas Rich 1st Baronet [aged 60] was created 1st Baronet Rich of Sonning in Berkshire.
On 29th March 1661 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Viscount Cholmondeley [aged 21] was created 1st Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath.
On 30th March 1661 James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde [aged 50] was created 1st Duke Ormonde by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde [aged 45] by marriage Duchess Ormonde.
On 30th March 1661 John Fettiplace 1st Baronet [aged 35] was created 1st Baronet Fettiplace of Childrey in Berkshire. Anne Wenman Lady Fettiplace [aged 31] by marriage Lady Fettiplace of Childrey in Berkshire.
Before 1662 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Viscount Cholmondeley [aged 21] and Elizabeth Cradock Viscountess Cholmondley were married. She by marriage Viscountess Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath.
On 22nd May 1681 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Viscount Cholmondeley [aged 41] died at St James'. His son Hugh [aged 19] succeeded 2nd Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath.
On 18th January 1725 Hugh Cholmondeley 1st Earl Cholmondeley [aged 63] died. His brother George [aged 59] succeeded 2nd Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 2nd Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 3rd Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 2nd Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire.
On 7th May 1733 George Cholmondeley 2nd Earl Cholmondeley [aged 67] died. His son George [aged 30] succeeded 3rd Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 4th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 3rd Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 3rd Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 2nd Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 2nd Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford.
On 10th June 1770 George Cholmondeley 3rd Earl Cholmondeley [aged 67] died. His grandson George [aged 21] succeeded 4th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 5th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 4th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 4th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 3rd Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 3rd Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford.
On 10th April 1827 George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 77] died. His son George [aged 35] succeeded 2nd Marquess Cholmondeley, 5th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 2nd Earl Rocksavage of Cheshire, 6th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 5th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 5th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 4th Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 4th Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford.
On 8th May 1870 George Cholmondeley 2nd Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 78] died. He was buried at St Oswald's Church, Malpas [Map]. His brother William [aged 70] succeeded 3rd Marquess Cholmondeley, 6th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 3rd Earl Rocksavage of Cheshire, 7th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 6th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 6th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 5th Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 5th Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford. Marcia Emma Georgiana Arbuthnot Marchioness Cholmondeley [aged 66] by marriage Marchioness Cholmondeley.
On 16th December 1884 William Cholmondeley 3rd Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 84] died. His grandson George [aged 26] succeeded 4th Marquess Cholmondeley, 7th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 4th Earl Rocksavage of Cheshire, 8th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 7th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 7th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 6th Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 6th Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford. Winifred Kingscote Marchioness Cholmondeley by marriage Marchioness Cholmondeley.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 16th March 1923 George Cholmondeley 4th Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 64] died. His son George [aged 39] succeeded 5th Marquess Cholmondeley, 8th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 5th Earl Rocksavage of Cheshire, 9th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 8th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 8th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 7th Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 7th Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford. Sybil Sassoon Marchioness Cholmondeley [aged 29] by marriage Marchioness Cholmondeley.
On 16th September 1968 George Cholmondeley 5th Marquess Cholmondeley [aged 85] died. His son Hugh [aged 49] succeeded 6th Marquess Cholmondeley, 9th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 6th Earl Rocksavage of Cheshire, 10th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 9th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 9th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 8th Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 8th Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford. Lavinia Margaret Leslie Marchioness Cholmondeley [aged 47] by marriage Marchioness Cholmondeley.
On 13th March 1990 Hugh Cholmondeley 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley [aged 70] died. His son David [aged 29] succeeded 7th Marquess Cholmondeley, 10th Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 7th Earl Rocksavage of Cheshire, 11th Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath, 10th Viscount Malpas in Cheshire, 10th Baron Cholmondeley Nampwich in Cheshire, 9th Baron Newburgh of Newburgh in Anglesey, 9th Baron Newborough of Newborough in County Wexford.