William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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Collared Urn

Collared Urn is in Prehistoric Artefacts.

Carbon Date. 2340BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from Collared Urns containing bone within the barrow structure.

ID: 18123, C14 ID: HAR 5285 Date BP: 4340 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 4410, End BP: 4270

Abstract: West Heath Common; 1982-83

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2340BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation in Collared Urn, Barrow VI, context 22 at West Heath, Harting, Sussex West, England.

ID: 8962, C14 ID: HAR-5285 Date BP: 4340 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 4270, End BP: 4410

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 786, OS North: 226

Archaeologist Name: Peter Drewett

Reference Name: Sussex Archaeol Collect, 123, 1985, 35-60 esp 59 and m'fiche;??? in litt.

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2240BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation in Collared Urn, Barrow VI, context 20 at West Heath, Harting, Sussex West, England.

ID: 8960, C14 ID: HAR-5323 Date BP: 4240 +/- 120, Start Date BP: 4120, End BP: 4360

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 786, OS North: 226

Archaeologist Name: Peter Drewett

Reference Name: Sussex Archaeol Collect, 123, 1985, 35-60 esp 59 and m'fiche;??? in litt.

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2150BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: human bone; from an urned cremation contained within a tripartite Collared Urn decorated with whipped cord impressions. It was located in a pit at the west end of the barrow cemetery.

ID: 17260, C14 ID: OxA 1878 Date BP: 4150 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 4220, End BP: 4080

Abstract: Radley: Barrow Hills; 1988-89

Archaeologist Name:

Reference Name: Bayliss et al forthcoming 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1988 and 1993', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2090BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; this sample is of charcoal from an undisturbed un-urned cremation, accompanied by a small accessory Collared Urn, contained by a small pit and cut into the barrow mound.

ID: 17117, C14 ID: GU 5184 Date BP: 4090 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 4140, End BP: 4040

Abstract: Norwich: Southern Bypass; 1991-92

Reference Name: Bayliss et al forthcoming 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1988 and 1993', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2030BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from pit with Collared Urn at Wilton Moor, Eston Hills, Kirkleatham, Cleveland, England.

ID: 1743, C14 ID: HAR-9763 Date BP: 4030 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3940, End BP: 4120

Abstract: ditched barrow

Archaeologist Name: B E Vyner

Reference Name: Yorkshire Archaeol J, 63, 1991, 28-34

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1740BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as Quercus sp (J Ambers), from large palisade posthole in outer gully at Street House Wossit, Loftus, Cleveland, England. Comment (subm BEV): Confirms construction and use in beginning of Bronze Age. Main use (apparently ritual) was later followed by MBA activity including deposition of at least 1 cremation in Collared Urn.

ID: 1655, C14 ID: BM-2566 Date BP: 3740 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 3680, End BP: 3800

Abstract: Palisaded ritual site

Archaeologist Name: D Jolley and B E Vyner 1986

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 33, 1991, 55; Proc Prehist Soc, 54, 1988, 173-202 (esp.195)

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1740BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; charcoal from a large cremation deposit contained by a Collared Urn; this formed the central deposit within the barrow ring-ditch.

ID: 17120, C14 ID: GU 5187 Date BP: 3740 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 3820, End BP: 3660

Abstract: Norwich: Southern Bypass; 1991-92

Reference Name: Bayliss et al forthcoming 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1988 and 1993', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1720BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from the old ground surface beneath the mound, associated with sherds of Collared Urn.

ID: 16292, C14 ID: HAR 486 Date BP: 3720 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3810, End BP: 3630

Abstract: Harpley; 1973-74

Reference Name: Jordan, D, Haddon-Reece, D, Bayliss, A 1994 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage and dated before 1981', London: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Carbon Date. 1720BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, tpq for barrow construction and Collared Urn at Harpley, Norfolk, England.

ID: 3625, C14 ID: HAR-486 Date BP: 3720 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3630, End BP: 3810

OS Letter: TF, OS East: 762, OS North: 279

Archaeologist Name: A Lawson

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 19, 1977, 411; E Anglian Archaeol, 2, 1976, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1700BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as Quercus sp (J Ambers), from posthole in gully break at Street House Wossit, Loftus, Cleveland, England. Comment (subm BEV): Confirms construction and use in beginning of Bronze Age. Main use (apparently ritual) was later followed by MBA activity including deposition of at least 1 cremation in Collared Urn.

ID: 1656, C14 ID: BM-2567 Date BP: 3700 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3650, End BP: 3750

Abstract: Palisaded ritual site

Archaeologist Name: D Jolley and B E Vyner 1986

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 33, 1991, 55; Proc Prehist Soc, 54, 1988, 173-202 (esp.195)

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1700BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation pit 18, possible multiple burial with Collared Urn at Ewanrigg, Maryport, Cumbria, England. Subm Bob Bewley 1985. Comment (subm): See reference for calibrations, based on Harwell's Aug. 1990 data.

ID: 2335, C14 ID: HAR-5961 Date BP: 3700 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3610, End BP: 3790

OS Letter: NY, OS East: 35, OS North: 353

Archaeologist Name: Bob Bewley 1985

Reference Name: Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 325-54

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1690BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, ref Site IV F1006, id by M Robinson as Quercus sp, from pit at centre of ring ditch inside cursus, assoc with Collared Urn and cremated bone at Dorchester-on-Thames Site III, Oxfordshire, England. Subm R Bradley. Comment (lab): Is revision of BM-2167.

ID: 7532, C14 ID: BM-2167R Date BP: 3690 +/- 130, Start Date BP: 3560, End BP: 3820

Abstract: at centre of cursus monument

Archaeologist Name: R Chambers

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 27, 1985, 509-10 (original determination Radiocarbon, 32, 1990, 70 (revision Oxford J Archaeol, 7, 1988, 271-89; Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 143-201

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1656BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation burial assoc with Food Vessel and Collared Urn at Pilsgate, Lincs, England. Coll F Pryor.

ID: 3219, C14 ID: BM-1412 Date BP: 3656 +/- 58, Start Date BP: 3598, End BP: 3714

OS Letter: TF, OS East: 49, OS North: 69

Archaeologist Name: F Pryor

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 24, 1982, 230; Proc Cambridge Antiq Soc, 65, 1974, 1-12; Proc Cambridge Antiq Soc, 71, 1981, 73

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1640BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from a cremation pyre at Rollestone Field and deposited with a cremation in the pit. The sample is associated with a Collared Urn or an amber button.

ID: 17585, C14 ID: HAR 4831 Date BP: 3640 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 3720, End BP: 3560

Abstract: Shrewton; 1981-82

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1640BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from context number 5, cremation pit, cut into natural subsoil. Undisturbed cremation containing a complete Collared Urn of 'northern' type.

ID: 16838, C14 ID: HAR 5959 Date BP: 3640 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3730, End BP: 3550

Abstract: Maryport: Ewanrigg, Bronze Age Cremation Cemetery; 1983-84

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1640BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation pit 05, with Collared Urn, accessory cup and 'connecting rod' (connector between bellows and tuyere?) at Ewanrigg, Maryport, Cumbria, England. Subm Bob Bewley 1985. Comment (subm): See reference for calibrations, based on Harwell's Aug. 1990 data.

ID: 2336, C14 ID: HAR-5959 Date BP: 3640 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3550, End BP: 3730

OS Letter: NY, OS East: 35, OS North: 353

Archaeologist Name: Bob Bewley 1985

Reference Name: Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 325-54

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1620BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from disturbed contexts 29-35, associated with Collared Urn in burial pit, Barrow VII at West Heath, Harting, Sussex West, England.

ID: 8944, C14 ID: HAR-5320 Date BP: 3620 +/- 100, Start Date BP: 3520, End BP: 3720

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 786, OS North: 226

Archaeologist Name: Peter Drewett

Reference Name: Sussex Archaeol Collect, 123, 1985, 35-60 esp 59 and m'fiche;??? in litt.

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1620BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from the central cremation, at the base of a pit containing a Collared Urn cremation; the date should be similar to HAR-998, probably Early or Middle Bronze Age.

ID: 17415, C14 ID: HAR 997 Date BP: 3620 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 3700, End BP: 3540

Abstract: Roxton: ring ditch (B); 1975-76

Reference Name: Jordan, D, Haddon-Reece, D, Bayliss, A 1994 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage and dated before 1981', London: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Carbon Date. 1610BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as Quercus sp or Prunus sp and Fraxinus sp, from ditch bottom at Amesbury Barrow 72, New Barn B4, Wiltshire, England. Subm David Jordan AML 1990. Comment (excav.): provides indirectly a date for Collared Urn below initial bowl-barrow.

ID: 2167, C14 ID: HAR-10515 Date BP: 3610 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3520, End BP: 3700

Abstract: Saucer barrow

Archaeologist Name: Paul Ashbee

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 34, 1992, 64; Wiltshire Archaeol Natur Hist Mag, 79, 1984, 39-91 (site Wiltshire Archaeol Natur Hist Mag, 85, 1992, 140-1 (date)

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1590BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from a pit containing Collared Urns containing within the barrow structure.

ID: 18126, C14 ID: HAR 5322 Date BP: 3590 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3660, End BP: 3520

Abstract: West Heath Common; 1982-83

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1569BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Human bone; femur; two pieces of Charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3136, to the north-west of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3136 for the upright vessel (a Collared Urn) is 0.53m in diameter and 0.22m deep. The samples come from fill 3139 of the vessel. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The rim and collar of the cremation vessel are no longer present, due to truncation to a depth of 0.3m by modern ploughing. The contents of the cremation urn were excavated in 2.5m spits (labelled A (bottom) to E (top)). The bone and Charcoal samples come from near the top and bottom of the vessel (spit D and A) respectively. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9300, C14 ID: OxA-13040 Date BP: 3569 +/- 33, Start Date BP: 3602, End BP: 3536

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1565BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Charcoal; two pieces of Charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3136, to the north-west of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3136 for the upright vessel (a Collared Urn) is 0.53m in diameter and 0.22m deep. The samples come from fill 3139 of the vessel. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The rim and collar of the cremation vessel are no longer present, due to truncation to a depth of 0.3m by modern ploughing. The contents of the cremation urn were excavated in 2.5m spits (labelled A (bottom) to E (top)). The bone and Charcoal samples come from near the top and bottom of the vessel (spit D and A) respectively. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9298, C14 ID: OxA-13057 Date BP: 3565 +/- 28, Start Date BP: 3593, End BP: 3537

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1560BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation in Collared Urn, Barrow VI, context 21 at West Heath, Harting, Sussex West, England.

ID: 8961, C14 ID: HAR-5321 Date BP: 3560 +/- 100, Start Date BP: 3460, End BP: 3660

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 786, OS North: 226

Archaeologist Name: Peter Drewett

Reference Name: Sussex Archaeol Collect, 123, 1985, 35-60 esp 59 and m'fiche;??? in litt.

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1560BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as small fast-grown oak, from pit 2 with decorated Collared Urn at Park of Tongland, Kirkcudbright, Dumfriess-Galloway, Scotland. Comment (subm): CAL dates given.

ID: 2604, C14 ID: GU-2382 Date BP: 3560 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3510, End BP: 3610

Abstract: with standing stones

Archaeologist Name: R P J McCullagh

Reference Name: Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 312-21

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1554BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Charcoal; two pieces of charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3914, to south-east of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3914 for the inverted urn is 0.6m long, 0.48m wide, and 0.4m deep. The samples come from the fill (3917=10190) of the vessel, which is a large Collared Urn. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The Collared Urn is complete, although modern ploughing has truncated the cremation pit by 0.3m. The contents of the Collared Urn were excavated in 4cm spits (labelled from A (bottom) to I (rim)). The samples of bone and Charcoal come from near the rim (spits G and I respectively) of the upside-down vessel. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9272, C14 ID: OxA-13054 Date BP: 3554 +/- 27, Start Date BP: 3581, End BP: 3527

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1552BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal associated with Collared Urn and Food Vessel at Pilsgate, Barnack Road, Lincolnshire, England.

ID: 4736, C14 ID: BM-868 Date BP: 3552 +/- 38, Start Date BP: 3514, End BP: 3590

OS Letter: TF, OS East: 49, OS North: 69

Archaeologist Name: F Pryor

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 21, 1979, 341; Radiocarbon, 24, 1982, 230; Proc Cambridge Antiq Soc, 65, 1974, 1-12; Proc Cambridge Antiq Soc, 71, 1981, 73

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1550BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Human bone; calcined femur; two pieces of Charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3136, to the north-west of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3136 for the upright vessel (a Collared Urn) is 0.53m in diameter and 0.22m deep. The samples come from fill 3139 of the vessel. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The rim and collar of the cremation vessel are no longer present, due to truncation to a depth of 0.3m by modern ploughing. The contents of the cremation urn were excavated in 2.5m spits (labelled A (bottom) to E (top)). The bone and Charcoal samples come from near the top and bottom of the vessel (spit D and A) respectively. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9301, C14 ID: GrA-24844 Date BP: 3550 +/- 40, Start Date BP: 3590, End BP: 3510

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1530BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as Fraxinus and Quercus sp (G C Morgan), from in situ position within cremation pit which had held child cremation and Collared Urn (removed before excavator called in) at Lan Fawr, Church Stoke, Powys, Wales.

ID: 1500, C14 ID: CAR-1037 Date BP: 3530 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3460, End BP: 3600

Abstract: site revealed by erosion

Archaeologist Name: W Britnell

Reference Name: Montgomeryshire Collect, 76, 1988, 13-15

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1526BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Human bone; long bone; two pieces of Charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3914, to south-east of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3914 for the inverted urn is 0.6m long, 0.48m wide, and 0.4m deep. The samples come from the fill (3917=10190) of the vessel, which is a large collared urn. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The Collared Urn is complete, although modern ploughing has truncated the cremation pit by 0.3m. The contents of the Collared Urn were excavated in 4cm spits (labelled from A (bottom) to I (rim)). The samples of bone and Charcoal come from near the rim (spits G and I respectively) of the upside-down vessel. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9275, C14 ID: OxA-13041 Date BP: 3526 +/- 32, Start Date BP: 3558, End BP: 3494

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1510BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, AML 785392, X17-100, id as oak (Quercus sp) from mature timbers, from c10-15cm in primary silt in base of ring ditch at Christchurch Site X17, Dorset, England. Subm KJ 1978. Comment (subm): date confirms earlier BA date expected for Ring Ditch 1, which was stratigraphically earlier than a LBA settlement; is also consistent with adjacent Ring Ditch 2, which cut into a pit containing Grooved Ware, and yielded a sherd of Collared Urn.

ID: 8797, C14 ID: HAR-2906 Date BP: 3510 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3440, End BP: 3580

OS Letter: SZ, OS East: 157, OS North: 930

Archaeologist Name: K Jarvis 1978

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 34, 1992, 58; Jarvis K, Dorset Natur Hist Archaeol Soc Monogr 5, 134-6

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Carbon Date. 1506BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Mixed charcoal from Collared Urn with primary burial at Pond Cairn, Mid Glamorgan, Wales.

ID: 4747, C14 ID: BM-1111 Date BP: 3506 +/- 51, Start Date BP: 3455, End BP: 3557

OS Letter: SS, OS East: 915, OS North: 812

Archaeologist Name: C Fox (1937)

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 21, 1979, 343; Archaeologia, 87, 1938, 129-80; C Fox, 'Life and Death in the Bronze Age' (1959), 107-27

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1580BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as including Calluna sp, Quercus sp and Leguminosae spp (C R Cartwright), from miniature cairn F2 outside kerb on axis of SE quadrant of barrow 2 at Davidstow Moor, Cornwall, England. Subm P Christie (1984). Comment (subm): 14C dating is sole way of dating barrows more precisely and establishing relationships between them. It is fortunate that charcoal was retained from 1940s excavations. HAR-6635 relates satisfactorily to early Collared Urn tradition.

ID: 1352, C14 ID: HAR-6635 Date BP: 3580 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3510, End BP: 3650

Abstract: Site V, Barrow 2

Archaeologist Name: C K A Croft-Andrew (1941-2)

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 30, 1988, 314; Cornish Archaeol, 27, 1988, 27-169

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1500BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, ref F12 L9, id as Quercus, Prunus, Crataegus type, Fraxinus spp, all from young wood 5-25 yr old, by M Robinson, from base of stepped pit in Cluster 1 of features on edge of pond barrow, assoc with Collared Urn containing human cremation, 2 bone awls and a bronze awl at Down Farm, Cranborne Chase, Dorset, England. Subm RB 1980. Comment (subm): six dates for pond barrow form consistent series in later part of Wessex EBA. (Is revision of earlier determination BM-2190.) [Ed: some inaccurately published NGRs are corrected here.]

ID: 8828, C14 ID: BM-2190R Date BP: 3500 +/- 130, Start Date BP: 3370, End BP: 3630

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 0, OS North: 145

Archaeologist Name: R Bradley 1980

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 29, 1987, 62-3 (original determination Radiocarbon, 32, 1990, 70 (revision Barrett J & Bradley R (eds), 'Papers on the prehistoric archaeology of Cranborne Chase' (Oxbow Monogr, 11), 1991, 9; Barrett J et al (eds), 'Landscape, monuments and society: the prehistory of Cranborne Chase' (CUP, 1991)

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1489BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from Collared Urn at Tregiffian, St Buryan, Cornwall, England.

ID: 3668, C14 ID: BM-935 Date BP: 3489 +/- 59, Start Date BP: 3430, End BP: 3548

OS Letter: SW, OS East: 430, OS North: 244

Archaeologist Name: D Dudley

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 18, 1976, 39

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1485BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as oak, Barrow 1, Cremation Pit 1 assoc with Collared Urns at Wykeham Forest, Yorkshire N, England.

ID: 3669, C14 ID: NPL-236 Date BP: 3485 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3395, End BP: 3575

OS Letter: SE, OS East: 957, OS North: 876

Archaeologist Name: T C M Brewster

Reference Name: Yorkshire Archaeol J, 45, 1973, 75-95

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1485BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Charcoal; two pieces of charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3914, to south-east of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3914 for the inverted urn is 0.6m long, 0.48m wide, and 0.4m deep. The samples come from the fill (3917=10190) of the vessel, which is a large collared urn. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The Collared Urn is complete, although modern ploughing has truncated the cremation pit by 0.3m. The contents of the Collared Urn were excavated in 4cm spits (labelled from A (bottom) to I (rim)). The samples of bone and Charcoal come from near the rim (spits G and I respectively) of the upside-down vessel. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9306, C14 ID: GrA-25021 Date BP: 3485 +/- 40, Start Date BP: 3525, End BP: 3445

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1480BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as Corylus sp (ref 182) by C Hunt, from stake hole assoc with Collared Urn at Hognaston, Derbyshire, England. Subm J R Collis 1983. Comment (subm): Dates all as expected.

ID: 2743, C14 ID: BM-2417 Date BP: 3480 +/- 110, Start Date BP: 3370, End BP: 3590

Abstract: with dagger and cremation

Archaeologist Name: J R Collis

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 31, 1989, 16

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1480BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from pit 1, one of three possible ritual pits associated with sherds of an incomplete bi-partite Collared Urn and human burnt bone. It is secondary to the central grave (dated by GU-5303). The pit cut into the edge of the mound which was full of charcoal and burnt earth and carefully packed sherds of incomplete bi-partite Collared Urn.

ID: 17601, C14 ID: OxA 4179 Date BP: 3480 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3550, End BP: 3410

Abstract: Snail Down: Site XVII; 1992-93

Reference Name: Bayliss et al forthcoming 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1988 and 1993', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1480BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as ash, hazel, oak, slow-grown, from pit 1, with Collared Urn, accessory cup and cremation at Park of Tongland, Kirkcudbright, Dumfriess-Galloway, Scotland. Comment (subm): CAL dates given.

ID: 2601, C14 ID: GU-2379 Date BP: 3480 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3430, End BP: 3530

Abstract: with standing stones

Archaeologist Name: R P J McCullagh

Reference Name: Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 312-21

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1475BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal assoc with cremation (Collared Urn) at Nant Maden, Cwm Cadlan, Penderyn, Powys, Wales.

ID: 4746, C14 ID: BM-1114 Date BP: 3475 +/- 36, Start Date BP: 3439, End BP: 3511

OS Letter: SN, OS East: 971, OS North: 105

Archaeologist Name: D P Webley

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 21, 1979, 344

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Carbon Date. 1470BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from?bier on old surface under barrow, over primary cremation (Collared Urn) at Upper Chamberlain's Farm, Eriswell, West Suffolk, England.

ID: 4694, C14 ID: BM-315 Date BP: 3470 +/- 115, Start Date BP: 3355, End BP: 3585

OS Letter: TL, OS East: 746, OS North: 770

Archaeologist Name: D P Dymond

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 11, 1969, 285; Proc Suffolk Inst Archaeol, 30(3), 1966, 278; Proc Suffolk Inst Archaeol, 33, 1973, 1-18

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1470BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation pit 22, with undecorated Collared Urn and bone bead at Ewanrigg, Maryport, Cumbria, England. Subm Bob Bewley 1985. Comment (subm): See reference for calibrations, based on Harwell's Aug. 1990 data.

ID: 2337, C14 ID: HAR-5960 Date BP: 3470 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3400, End BP: 3540

OS Letter: NY, OS East: 35, OS North: 353

Archaeologist Name: Bob Bewley 1985

Reference Name: Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 325-54

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1470BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from a cremation pit containing a Collared Urn (undecorated).

ID: 16839, C14 ID: HAR 5960 Date BP: 3470 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3540, End BP: 3400

Abstract: Maryport: Ewanrigg, Bronze Age Cremation Cemetery; 1983-84

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1460BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Charcoal; two pieces of Charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3136, to the north-west of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3136 for the upright vessel (a Collared Urn) is 0.53m in diameter and 0.22m deep. The samples come from fill 3139 of the vessel. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The rim and collar of the cremation vessel are no longer present, due to truncation to a depth of 0.3m by modern ploughing. The contents of the cremation urn were excavated in 2.5m spits (labelled A (bottom) to E (top)). The bone and Charcoal samples come from near the top and bottom of the vessel (spit D and A) respectively. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9299, C14 ID: GrA-25025 Date BP: 3460 +/- 40, Start Date BP: 3500, End BP: 3420

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1460BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: St Osyth Lodge Farm. Human bone; calcined long bone; two pieces of charcoal and two pieces of cremated bone from early Bronze Age urned cremation 3914, to south-east of pond barrow 3890. The cremation pit 3914 for the inverted urn is 0.6m long, 0.48m wide, and 0.4m deep. The samples come from the fill (3917=10190) of the vessel, which is a large collared urn. No other archaeological features touch the cremation pit. The Collared Urn is complete, although modern ploughing has truncated the cremation pit by 0.3m. The contents of the Collared Urn were excavated in 4cm spits (labelled from A (bottom) to I (rim)). The samples of bone and Charcoal come from near the rim (spits G and I respectively) of the upside-down vessel. The pit cuts a glacio-fluvial deposit of acidic sand and gravel and is sealed by 0.3m of sandy ploughsoil. The watertable was c 1m below the base of the cremation pit.

ID: 9274, C14 ID: GrA-24843 Date BP: 3460 +/- 40, Start Date BP: 3500, End BP: 3420

Abstract: St Osyth Lodge Farm: B (cremations)

Archaeologist Name: M Germany

Reference Name: Hamilton,W D, Bayliss, A, Bronk Ramsey, C, Meadows, J, and van der Plicht, H, 2007 Radiocarbon dating, in Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments and middle Iron Age settlement at Lodge Farm, St Osyth, Essex (ed M Germany), East Anglian Archaeology, 177, 95-11

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1450BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation 1 in Collared Urn, sealed by cairn at Barbrook II, Ramsley Moor, Holmesfield, Derbyshire, England.

ID: 3451, C14 ID: BM-179 Date BP: 3450 +/- 150, Start Date BP: 3300, End BP: 3600

OS Letter: SK, OS East: 277, OS North: 758

Archaeologist Name: G D Lewis

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 11, 1969, 284; Archaeol J, 123, 1-26; Derbyshire Arch J, 86. 1966, 115-17

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1440BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from charcoal from pit 1584, associated with Collared Urn sherds.

ID: 16947, C14 ID: HAR 2901 Date BP: 3440 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3530, End BP: 3350

Abstract: North Elmham: Spong Hill; 1978-79

Reference Name: Jordan, D, Haddon-Reece, D, Bayliss, A 1994 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage and dated before 1981', London: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1440BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from pit 1584 associated with Collared Urn sherds at Spong Hill, North Elmham, Norfolk, England.

ID: 1640, C14 ID: HAR-2901 Date BP: 3440 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3350, End BP: 3530

OS Letter: TF, OS East: 980, OS North: 197

Archaeologist Name: Norfolk Archaeol Unit

Reference Name: E Anglian Archaeol Rep, 39, 1988, 104

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1440BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from the secondary cremation in a Collared Urn whose grave goods of beads included segmented faience. The sample was mixed with cremation material in a burial pit sealed by a flint cairn on the berm of the bell barrow. It is associated with the cremation of an adult female.

ID: 17596, C14 ID: GU 5302 Date BP: 3440 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3530, End BP: 3350

Abstract: Snail Down: Site III; 1992-93

Reference Name: Bayliss et al forthcoming 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1988 and 1993', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1440BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal [?] from cremation within secondary Collared Urn within cairn material at Carneddau Cairn I, Carno, Powys, Wales.

ID: 1815, C14 ID: CAR-1260 Date BP: 3440 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 3380, End BP: 3500

OS Letter: SN, OS East: 989, OS North: 997

Archaeologist Name: Alex Gibson (Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust)

Reference Name: Archaeol Wales, 29, 1989, 48-9; Archaeol Wales, 31, 1991, 26

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1430BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id by C Hunt as Tilia sp, Quercus sp, mosses and moss stems (ref 244), from context 20, in grave assoc with Collared Urn containing ogival dagger at Hognaston, Derbyshire, England. Subm J R Collis 1983. Comment (subm): Dates all as expected.

ID: 2746, C14 ID: BM-2420 Date BP: 3430 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 3350, End BP: 3510

Abstract: with dagger and cremation

Archaeologist Name: J R Collis

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 31, 1989, 16

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1430BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Cossington - cremated human bone; possible tibia; F14 was a cremation located 6m north of the site 2 inhumation. Cremated bone was found in association with a small Collared Urn. The excavators suggested the urn had fallen over during interment, spilling the contents. F14 was cut into river terrace gravels, approximately 300m north of the River Wreake. The land on which the site was situated had apparently been cultivated for a considerable length of time prior to the excavation. No other details are known.

ID: 9756, C14 ID: SUERC-11276 Date BP: 3430 +/- 35, Start Date BP: 3465, End BP: 3395

Abstract: Cossington: site 2

Archaeologist Name: C O'Brien and J Thomas

Reference Name: Reimer et al 2004 Ward and Wilson 1978

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Deeds of King Henry V

Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Carbon Date. 1430BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal [?] from subsoil pit associated with Collared Urn and pigmy cup at Carneddau Cairn II, Carno, Powys, Wales.

ID: 1817, C14 ID: CAR-1286 Date BP: 3430 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3360, End BP: 3500

OS Letter: SN, OS East: 999, OS North: 998

Archaeologist Name: Alex Gibson (Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust)

Reference Name: Archaeol Wales, 30, 1990, 52; Archaeol Wales, 31, 1991, 26

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1410BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Contents of Collared Urn (Secondary Ser) at Fengate, Padholme Road, Cambridge, England.

ID: 4266, C14 ID: HAR-400 Date BP: 3410 +/- 120, Start Date BP: 3290, End BP: 3530

OS Letter: TL, OS East: 213, OS North: 989

Archaeologist Name: F Pryor

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 17, 1975, 229; Radiocarbon, 19, 1977, 405-6; Durobrivae, 1, 1973, 18; F Pryor, Excavation at Fengate, Peterborough, England: the first report, Toronto, 1974; idem, ...second report, 1978, 226; Brit Archaeol Rep. 33, 1976, 33

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1390BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, cremation with Collared Urn at Howick Heugh, Northumberland, England.

ID: 3680, C14 ID: I-6974 Date BP: 3390 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3300, End BP: 3480

OS Letter: NU, OS East: 237, OS North: 171

Archaeologist Name: G Jobey, T G Newman

Reference Name: Archaeol Aeliana, ser 5, 3, 1975, 1-16

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1390BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: charcoal; from context no 84; from the fill of a cremation pit, in the fill of the second-phase ditch of a two-phase barrow. The sample is associated with a Collared Urn and an accessory vessel. The context was well stratified, undisturbed, and should not be contaminated.

ID: 18408, C14 ID: HAR 5258 Date BP: 3390 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3460, End BP: 3320

Abstract: Winwick: Southworth Hall Barrow; 1982-83

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1374BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation pit with miniature Collared Urn at North Stoke, Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire, England. Coll H J Case.

ID: 3176, C14 ID: BM-1406 Date BP: 3374 +/- 83, Start Date BP: 3291, End BP: 3457

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 611, OS North: 856

Archaeologist Name: H J Case

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 24, 1982, 156; Oxoniensia, 24, 1959, 1-12; CBA Res Rep, 44, 1982, 74

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1370BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from layer B abutting F1 and within F2 at Crawley Edge Cairn A, Stanhope, Weardale, Co Durham, England. Comment (subm): Date tends to agree with tubular jet beads and Collared Urn from site.

ID: 2251, C14 ID: HAR-3322 Date BP: 3370 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 3290, End BP: 3450

OS Letter: NZ, OS East: 0, OS North: 397

Archaeologist Name: R Young 1976-7

Reference Name: Durham Archaeol J, 8, 1992, 27-49 esp. 39

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1360BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from within Collared Urn containing cremation and two pots in primary grave of secondary expansion at Haddenham 3, Cambs, England. Subm C Evans 1985. Comment (subm): Date correlates well with secondary style Collared Urns.

ID: 2763, C14 ID: BM-2497 Date BP: 3360 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3310, End BP: 3410

Abstract: barrow with secondary expansion

Archaeologist Name: C Evans (Univ Cambridge)

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 31, 1989, 22

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1350BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from surface of natural mineral soil beneath cairn at Crawley Edge Cairn A, Stanhope, Weardale, Co Durham, England. Comment (subm): Date tends to agree with tubular jet beads and Collared Urn from site.

ID: 2252, C14 ID: HAR-3323 Date BP: 3350 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3260, End BP: 3440

OS Letter: NZ, OS East: 0, OS North: 397

Archaeologist Name: R Young 1976-7

Reference Name: Durham Archaeol J, 8, 1992, 27-49 esp. 39

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1339BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from central cremation burial, assoc with Collared Urn, Barrow G7 (Site 3659) at Weasenham Lyngs, Weasenham All Saints, Norfolk, England.

ID: 3684, C14 ID: BM-877 Date BP: 3339 +/- 56, Start Date BP: 3283, End BP: 3395

OS Letter: TF, OS East: 854, OS North: 197

Archaeologist Name: F Petersen

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 18, 1976, 39; E Anglian Archaeol, 29, 1986, 70-103

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1330BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Bone collagen, id as from femorae, tibiae from Cist 1, Body 1 at Traigh Bhan, Islay, Argyll, Scotland.

ID: 6475, C14 ID: GU-1378 Date BP: 3330 +/- 95, Start Date BP: 3235, End BP: 3425

OS Letter: NR, OS East: 215, OS North: 700

Archaeologist Name: J N G Ritchie, J B Stevenson

Reference Name: Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 112, 1982, 550-8

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Creswell Crags

Derbyshire

England. Subm R M Jacobi. Comment (subm): directly dates later prehistoric use of cave and helps track greatest depth reached by Post Glacial fossils in this part of the main passage. Date should not be extrapolated to sherds of Beaker and Collared Urn recovered from cave.

R M Jacobi

Carbon Date. 1320BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as Corylus sp (M Robinson), from cremation deposit in pit in round barrow assoc with Collared Urn at the Rollright Stones (King Stone [Map]), Oxfordshire, England. Comment (subm): Deposit was adjacent to that dated by BM-2428. Result is within later end of range expected for Collared Urns. See also monograph.

ID: 1620, C14 ID: BM-2429 Date BP: 3320 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3230, End BP: 3410

Abstract: Cairn, ploughed-out barrow and standing stone

Archaeologist Name: G Lambrick (Oxford Archaeol Unit)

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 29, 1987, 185-6' Lambrick, G, 'The Rollright Stones' (= English Heritage Archaeol Rep, 6), 1988, 110

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Memoires of Jacques du Clercq

This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.

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Carbon Date. 1310BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation in Collared Urn, Barrow VI, context 15 at West Heath, Harting, Sussex West, England.

ID: 8958, C14 ID: HAR-5283 Date BP: 3310 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3240, End BP: 3380

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 786, OS North: 226

Archaeologist Name: Peter Drewett

Reference Name: Sussex Archaeol Collect, 123, 1985, 35-60 esp 59 and m'fiche;??? in litt.

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1296BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal associated with Collared Urn and Food Vessel at Pilsgate, Barnack Road, Lincolnshire, England.

ID: 4737, C14 ID: BM-869 Date BP: 3296 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3246, End BP: 3346

OS Letter: TF, OS East: 49, OS North: 69

Archaeologist Name: F Pryor

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 21, 1979, 341; Radiocarbon, 24, 1982, 230; Proc Cambridge Antiq Soc, 65, 1974, 1-12; Proc Cambridge Antiq Soc, 71, 1981, 73

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1242BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Sample unspecified from cremation with primary series Collared Urn at Kirkhill, W Hepple, Northumberland, England.

ID: 3433, C14 ID: SRR-133 Date BP: 3242 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3152, End BP: 3332

OS Letter: NT, OS East: 975, OS North: 7

Archaeologist Name: R Miket

Reference Name: Archaeol Aeliana, ser 5, 2, 1974, 187

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1215BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from cremation J by outer kerb, with Collared Urn at Harehope Cairn, Peebles-shire, Scotland. Coll G Jobey.

ID: 2968, C14 ID: GU-1212 Date BP: 3215 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 3125, End BP: 3305

OS Letter: NT, OS East: 214, OS North: 435

Archaeologist Name: G Jobey

Reference Name: Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 110, 1978-80, 72-113

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1200BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal [?] from subsoil pit below cairn, associated with Collared Urn at Carneddau Cairn I, Carno, Powys, Wales.

ID: 1185, C14 ID: CAR-1255 Date BP: 3200 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 3130, End BP: 3270

OS Letter: SN, OS East: 989, OS North: 997

Archaeologist Name: Alex Gibson (Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust)

Reference Name: Archaeol Wales, 29, 1989, 48-9; Archaeol Wales, 31, 1991, 26

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 940BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal (sealed in glass container by excavator) assoc with Collared Urn secondary burial at Great Ayton Moor ('Ayton 02'), Yorkshire, England. Comment [ed]: Radiocarbon 27 reference repudiates this date.

ID: 4753, C14 ID: HAR-2091 Date BP: 2940 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 2860, End BP: 3020

OS Letter: NZ, OS East: 594, OS North: 115

Archaeologist Name: Hayes 1967/ S Pierpoint 1978

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 27, 1985, 89; Antiquity, 53, 1979, 224; R H Hayes, 'Chambered cairn and adjacent monuments on Gt Ayton Moor, NE Yorkshire' (Scarborough 1967)

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 890BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal from fill of Collared Urn 1 of secondary burial in ring ditch 417 at Field Farm, Burghfield, West Berkshire, England.

ID: 7785, C14 ID: HAR-9143 Date BP: 2890 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 2830, End BP: 2950

OS Letter: SU, OS East: 675, OS North: 704

Archaeologist Name: C A Butterworth and S J Lobb

Reference Name: Butterworth, C A & Lobb, S J, 'Excavations in the Burghfield area, Berkshire' (Wessex Archaeol Rep, 1), 1992

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 860BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id as hazel or alder, Corylus or Alnus sp, mature timbers, from cremation in Collared Urn at Ribchester -- by Parsonage Avenue -- Lancashire, England. Subm 1981. Comment (subm): no indication of original barrow; presume a ringwork similar to Derbys examples was involved. Two distinct urn fabrics plus evidence of re-use may suggest two separate phases of burial.

ID: 8633, C14 ID: HAR-4445 Date BP: 2860 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 2770, End BP: 2950

OS Letter: SD, OS East: 648, OS North: 351

Archaeologist Name: A Olivier

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 32, 1990, 167; excavator in litt 1999

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 800BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: Charcoal, id Quercus sp, from primary Collared Urn at Ribchester -- by Parsonage Avenue -- Lancashire, England. Subm 1981. Comment (subm): no indication of original barrow; presume a ringwork similar to Derbys examples was involved. Two distinct urn fabrics plus evidence of re-use may suggest two separate phases of burial.

ID: 8635, C14 ID: HAR-4444 Date BP: 2800 +/- 110, Start Date BP: 2690, End BP: 2910

OS Letter: SD, OS East: 648, OS North: 351

Archaeologist Name: A Olivier

Reference Name: Radiocarbon, 32, 1990, 167 [this date missing]; excavator in litt 1999

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 770BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: human bone; from an urned cremation at the west end of the barrow cemetery, c 20m north of barrow 12. It was contained within a tripartite Collared Urn decorated with twisted cord impressions.

ID: 17259, C14 ID: OxA 1877 Date BP: 2770 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 2840, End BP: 2700

Abstract: Radley: Barrow Hills; 1988-89

Reference Name: Bayliss et al forthcoming 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1988 and 1993', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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Carbon Date. 380. Late Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: bone; from context number 14. Stone-lined cist containing a smashed Collared Urn. The site consisted of nine cremations and this one cist. Thus although it contained no charcoal a date for the cist is important in relation to the other urns. Its location, on the top of the natural mound may mean it is the primary burial with the cremations being secondary (chronologically this is). The cist, however, seems to have been subject to some disturbance as the urn was smashed, yet still inside the cist. The capping stone was still on the top of the cist. There can be little doubt that the bone is associated with the cist and the urn.

ID: 16841, C14 ID: HAR 5962 Date BP: 1620 +/- 150, Start Date BP: 1770, End BP: 1470

Abstract: Maryport: Ewanrigg, Bronze Age Cremation Cemetery; 1983-84

Reference Name: Bayliss, A, Hedges, R, Otlet, R, Switsur, R, and Walker, J 2012 'Radiocarbon dates: from samples funded by English Heritage between 1981 and 1988', Swindon: English Heritage

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 380. Late Iron Age Carbon Dates

Report: Bone from context 14, stone-lined cist containing smashed Collared Urn (EWR83114) at Ewanrigg, Maryport, Cumbria, England. Comment (subm): Clearly unreliable date from a disturbed context.

ID: 2338, C14 ID: HAR-5962 Date BP: 1620 +/- 150, Start Date BP: 1470, End BP: 1770

Abstract: late disturbance

Archaeologist Name: Bob Bewley 1983

Reference Name: Proc Prehist Soc, 58, 1992, 325-54; Radiocarbon, 34, 1992, 63

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine 1907 V35 Pages 1-20. No. 17. Nine feet almost due south of the skeleton and 1ft. 2in. below the present surface, a vessel of the cinerary urn type was disclosed. It had been crushed into several pieces by the weight of the earth above, and was also slightly damaged by the workman's pick; it has, however, been repaired and is now complete. It stood in an upright position, but with no signs of ashes or of burnt material of any sort inside it, nor was there any sign of an interment, burnt or unburnt, near it1. Immediately beneath it the earth was a little reddened and discoloured as if by fire, and there were a few specks of charcoal; but the traces of fire were slight, and quite local. The vessel might be chosen as typical of a cinerary urn from its general shape and heavy overhanging rim, which latter feature Canon Greenwell [aged 86] says may be regarded as the principal characteristic of this class of urn2. But in spite of its form, as it contained no bones or ashes, one is forced to the conclusion that it may have served the purpose of a food vessel, and that it had probably contained some form of food offering made to the dead at some time subsequent to the burial, and during or after the piling up of the barrow.

Note 1. Canon Greenwell says: "In a few instances a sepulchral vase has occurred in a barrow not in close proximity with any interment," British Barrows, p. 61.

Collared urn decorated with vertical lines around rim and 2 rows of cord impressed chevrons around collar bordered by two cord impressed lines at top and bottom, found upright in cist with no cremated remains. Collection of Devizes Museum [Map].

Wiltshire Museum. DZSWS:STHEAD.176. 1 Collared Urn with high shoulders and decorated with 10 cord impressed lines around overhanging collar, found with a primary cremation inside in bowl barrow Durrington G11 [Map], excavated by William Cunnington.

Wiltshire Museum. DZSWS:STHEAD.205. 22 fragments of a coarse linen cloth bag (or casts of cloth formed by lime carbonate) woven with double thread, found wrapping a primary cremation in an MBA collared urn in bowl barrow Durrington G11 [Map], excavated by William Cunnington.

Wiltshire Museum. DZSWS:STHEAD.240. 1 miniature cup with two shoulder ridges, found with an (MBA) collared urn and secondary cremation in bowl barrow Durrington G36 [Map], excavated by William Cunnington.