The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile 1037-1072

Paternal Family Tree: Jimenez

In or before 1033 [his father] Ferdinand "Great" I King Leon (age 17) and [his mother] Sancha Astur Leonese (age 14) were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Alfonso "Noble" V King Leon and [his grandmother] Elvira González Queen Consort Leon. He the son of [his grandfather] Sancho "Great" III King Pamplona (age 38) and [his grandmother] Muniadona García Queen Consort Pamplona. They were half second cousins.

In 1037 [his uncle] Bermudo III King Leon (age 22) died. His half second cousin [his father] Ferdinand (age 22) succeeded I King Leon.

Around 1037 Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile was born to [his father] Ferdinand "Great" I King Leon (age 22) and [his mother] Sancha Astur Leonese (age 19).

On 24th December 1065 [his father] Ferdinand "Great" I King Leon (age 50) died. His son Sancho (age 28) succeeded II King Castile.

On 27th November 1067 [his mother] Sancha Astur Leonese (age 49) died.

In 1069 [his brother] Alfonso "Brave" VI King Leon VI King Castile (age 28) and [his sister-in-law] Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Leon Queen Consort Castile (age 10) were married. She the daughter of Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine (age 44) and Mateoda Duchess Aquitaine. He the son of [his father] Ferdinand "Great" I King Leon and [his mother] Sancha Astur Leonese.

On 12th January 1072 Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile (age 35) was crowned II King Leon. He reigned for only nine months.

On 7th October 1072 Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile (age 35) died. His brother [his brother] Alfonso (age 31) succeeded VI King Castile. [his sister-in-law] Agnes Poitiers Queen Consort Leon Queen Consort Castile (age 14) by marriage Queen Consort Castile.

Ancestors of Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile 1037-1072

Great x 4 Grandfather: Sancho I King Pamplona

Great x 3 Grandfather: García I King Pamplona

Great x 2 Grandfather: Sancho II King Pamplona

Great x 4 Grandfather: Galindo Aznárez II Count Aragon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Andregoto Aznárez

Great x 1 Grandfather: García Sánchez "Tremulous" II King Pamplona

Great x 3 Grandfather: Fernán González Count Castile

Great x 2 Grandmother: Urraca González Queen Consort Leon Queen Consort Pamplona

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sancha Sánchez

GrandFather: Sancho "Great" III King Pamplona

Great x 2 Grandfather: Fernando Bermúdez

Great x 1 Grandmother: Jimena Fernández Bermúdez Queen Consort Pamplona

Father: Ferdinand "Great" I King Leon

Great x 1 Grandfather: Sancho García

GrandMother: Muniadona García Queen Consort Pamplona

Sancho "Strong" II King Leon II King Castile

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Ordoño III of Leon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Gutier Osóriz

Great x 3 Grandmother: Adosinda Gutiérrez Osóriz Queen Consort Leon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ildonzia Menéndez

Great x 1 Grandfather: Bermudo "Gouty" II King Galicia II King Leon

Great x 3 Grandfather: Fernán González Count Castile

Great x 2 Grandmother: Urraca González Queen Consort Leon Queen Consort Pamplona

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sancha Sánchez

GrandFather: Alfonso "Noble" V King Leon

Great x 2 Grandfather: García Fernández of Castile

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elviro Garcia Queen Galicia

Mother: Sancha Astur Leonese

Great x 1 Grandfather: Menendo González

GrandMother: Elvira González Queen Consort Leon