The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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King Aragon is in Kingdom of Aragon.
On 18th October 1035 Sancho "Great" III King Pamplona [aged 41] died. His son Ramiro [aged 28] succeeded I King Aragon.
8th May 1063. The Battle of Graus was part of the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsular by the Spanish from the Arabs.
Ramiro Sánchez I King Aragon [aged 56] was killed in battle. His son Sancho [aged 21] succeeded I King Aragon.
On 4th June 1094 Sancho Ramírez I King Aragon V King Pamplona [aged 52] died. His son Peter [aged 26] succeeded I King Aragon, I King Pamplona.
In 1104 Peter I King Aragon I King Pamplona [aged 36] died. His half brother Alfonso [aged 31] succeeded I King Aragon, I King Pamplona.
In 1134 Alfonso I King Aragon I King Pamplona [aged 61] died. His brother Ramiro [aged 47] succeeded I King Aragon.
On 13th November 1137 Ramiro "Monk" II King Aragon [aged 51] abdicated. Petronilla Jiménez Queen Aragon [aged 1] succeeded Queen Aragon.
On 25th April 1196 Alfonso II King Aragon [aged 39] died. His son Peter [aged 17] succeeded II King Aragon.
The Battle of Muret, the last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade, was fought on 12th September 1213 between the armies of Peter II King Aragon [aged 35] and Simon "Elder" Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester [aged 38]. The Argonese forces were heavily defeated. Peter II King Aragon was killed. His son James [aged 5] succeeded I King Aragon.
On 27th July 1276 James I King Aragon [aged 68] died. His son Peter [aged 36] succeeded III King Aragon.
On 11th November 1285 Peter III King Aragon [aged 45] died. His son Alfonso [aged 20] succeeded III King Aragon.
On 18th June 1291 Alfonso III King Aragon [aged 25] died. His brother James [aged 24] succeeded II King Aragon.
On 5th November 1327 James "The Just" II King Aragon [aged 60] died. His son Alfonso [aged 28] succeeded IV King Aragon since his eldest son wished to take holy orders.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 24th January 1336 Alfonso IV King Aragon [aged 36] died. His son Peter [aged 16] succeeded IV King Aragon.
On 6th January 1387 Peter IV King Aragon [aged 67] died. His son John [aged 36] succeeded I King Aragon.
On 19th May 1396 King John I of Aragon [aged 45] died. His brother Martin [aged 39] succeeded I King Aragon.
On 31st May 1410 King Martin I of Aragon [aged 53] died. His nephew Ferdinand [aged 29] succeeded I King Aragon.
On 2nd April 1416 Ferdinand I King Aragon [aged 35] died. His son Alfonso [aged 20] succeeded V King Aragon.
On 27th June 1458 Alfonso V King Aragon [aged 62] died. His son Ferdinand [aged 35] succeeded I King Naples. Isabella Clermont Queen Consort Naples [aged 34] by marriage Queen Consort Naples. His brother John [aged 59] succeeded II King Aragon.
On 20th January 1479 John II King Aragon [aged 80] died. His son Ferdinand [aged 26] succeeded II King Aragon.
On 23rd January 1516 Ferdinand II King Aragon [aged 63] died. His daughter Joanna [aged 37] succeeded Queen Aragon.
On 18th July 1664 Petronilla Jiménez Queen Aragon Abdicated. Her son Alfonso succeeded II King Aragon.