The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Mary Whitchurch Lady Vyner -1674

Mary Whitchurch Lady Vyner was born to [her father] John Whitchurch.

In 1665 Robert Vyner 1st Baronet (age 34) and Mary Whitchurch Lady Vyner were married.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 7th September 1665. By and by to dinner, where his lady I find yet handsome, but hath been a very handsome woman; now is old. Hath brought him near £100,000 and now he lives, no man in England in greater plenty, and commands both King and Council with his credit he gives them. Here was a fine lady a merchant's wife at dinner with us, and who should be here in the quality of a woman but Mrs. Worship's daughter, Dr. Clerke's niece, and after dinner [her husband] Sir Robert (age 34) led us up to his Long gallery, very fine, above stairs (and better, or such, furniture I never did see), and there Mrs. Worship did give us three or four very good songs, and sings very neatly, to my great delight.

In 1666 [her husband] Robert Vyner 1st Baronet (age 35) was created 1st Baronet Vyner of London. Mary Whitchurch Lady Vyner by marriage Lady Vyner of London.

In 1674 Mary Whitchurch Lady Vyner died.

On 2nd September 1688 [her former husband] Robert Vyner 1st Baronet (age 57) died at Windsor, Berkshire [Map]. Baronet Vyner of London extinct.

Before 1694 John Michael Wright (age 76). Portrait of [her former husband] Robert Vyner 1st Baronet and Mary Whitchurch Lady Vyner and their children.