Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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Paternal Family Tree: Archer
Maternal Family Tree: Sarah West Baroness Archer
Before 1762 [her father] Andrew Archer 2nd Baron Archer [aged 25] and [her mother] Sarah West Baroness Archer were married.
In 1762 Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst was born to Andrew Archer 2nd Baron Archer [aged 25] and Sarah West Baroness Archer.
On 19th October 1768 [her grandfather] Thomas Archer 1st Baron Archer [aged 73] died. His son [her father] Andrew [aged 32] succeeded 2nd Baron Archer of Umberslade. [her mother] Sarah West Baroness Archer by marriage Baroness Archer of Umberslade.
On 21st April 1771 Other Lewis Windsor 4th Earl Plymouth [aged 39] died. His son [her future husband] Other [aged 19] succeeded 5th Earl Plymouth, 11th Baron Windsor of Stanwell in Buckinghamshire.
In 1778 Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth [aged 26] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Countess Plymouth. He the son of Other Lewis Windsor 4th Earl Plymouth and Catherine Archer Countess Plymouth [aged 41]. They were first cousins.
On 18th April 1778 [her father] Andrew Archer 2nd Baron Archer [aged 41] died at Portland Square Marylebone. Baron Archer of Umberslade extinct.
On 2nd July 1789 [her son] Other Archer Windsor 6th Earl Plymouth was born to [her husband] Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth [aged 38] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 27]. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%. He married 5th August 1811 Mary Sackville Countess Plymouth Amherst, daughter of John Frederick Sackville 3rd Duke Dorset and Arabella Diana Cope 3rd Duchess Dorset.
In 1790 [her daughter] Maria Windsor Marchioness Downshire was born to [her husband] Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth [aged 38] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 28]. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%. She married 1811 her half third cousin Arthur Blundell Sandys Trumbull Hill 3rd Marquess Downshire, son of Arthur Hill 2nd Marquess Downshire and Mary Sandys Marchioness Downshire, and had issue.
On 30th July 1797 [her daughter] Harriet Windsor was born to [her husband] Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth [aged 46] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 35]. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%. She married 1819 Robert Henry Herbert, son of Edward Clive 1st Earl Powis and Henrietta Antonia Herbert 3rd Countess Powis, and had issue.
On 3rd August 1797 Jeffrey Amherst 1st Baron Amherst [aged 80] died. Baron Amherst of Holmesdale in Kent extinct. His nephew [her future husband] William [aged 24] succeeded 2nd Baron Amherst of Montreal in Kent.
On 12th June 1799 [her husband] Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth [aged 48] died. His son Other [aged 9] succeeded 6th Earl Plymouth, 12th Baron Windsor of Stanwell in Buckinghamshire.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1800 William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 26] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 38] were married.
On 9th July 1801 [her daughter] Sarah Elizabeth Amherst was born to [her husband] William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 28] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 39]. She married 1842 John Hay-Williams 2nd Baronet, son of John Williams 1st Baronet and Margaret Williams Lady Williams.
In 1802 [her son] Jeffrey Amherst was born to [her husband] William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 28] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 40].
Around 1804. Thomas Lawrence [aged 34]. Portrait of Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 42].
On 30th September 1805 [her son] William Amherst 2nd Earl Amherst was born to [her husband] William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 32] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 43]. He married 1834 his third cousin once removed Gertrude Percy Countess Amherst, daughter of Bishop Hugh Percy and Mary Manners Sutton, and had issue.
In 1811 [her son-in-law] Arthur Blundell Sandys Trumbull Hill 3rd Marquess Downshire [aged 22] and Maria Windsor Marchioness Downshire [aged 21] were married. She by marriage Marchioness Downshire. She the daughter of Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 49]. He the son of Arthur Hill 2nd Marquess Downshire and Mary Sandys Marchioness Downshire [aged 46]. They were half third cousins.
On 5th August 1811 Other Archer Windsor 6th Earl Plymouth [aged 22] and Mary Sackville Countess Plymouth Amherst [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess Plymouth. She the daughter of John Frederick Sackville 3rd Duke Dorset and Arabella Diana Cope 3rd Duchess Dorset [aged 42]. He the son of Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 49].
In 1819 [her son-in-law] Robert Henry Herbert [aged 29] and Harriet Windsor [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 57]. He the son of Edward Clive 1st Earl Powis [aged 64] and Henrietta Antonia Herbert 3rd Countess Powis [aged 60].
In 1826 [her son] Jeffrey Amherst [aged 24] died.
In 1826 [her husband] William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Amherst. Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 64] by marriage Countess Amherst.
On 20th July 1833 [her son] Other Archer Windsor 6th Earl Plymouth [aged 44] died aboard his yacht at Deptford, Kent [Map]. His uncle [her former brother-in-law] Andrew [aged 69] succeeded 7th Earl Plymouth. Baron Windsor of Stanwell in Buckinghamshire abeyant between his daughters Maria Windsor Marchioness Downshire [aged 43] and Harriet Windsor [aged 35].
In 1834 William Amherst 2nd Earl Amherst [aged 28] and Gertrude Percy Countess Amherst [aged 19] were married. She the daughter of Bishop Hugh Percy [aged 49] and Mary Manners Sutton. He the son of William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 60] and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 72]. They were third cousin once removed.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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In May 1838 Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 76] died.
In 1839 [her former husband] William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 65] and [her former daughter-in-law] Mary Sackville Countess Plymouth Amherst [aged 46] were married. She by marriage Countess Amherst. She the daughter of John Frederick Sackville 3rd Duke Dorset and Arabella Diana Cope 3rd Duchess Dorset.
On 13th March 1857 [her former husband] William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 84] died at Knole House, Sevenoaks. His son William [aged 51] succeeded 2nd Earl Amherst, 3rd Baron Amherst of Montreal in Kent. Gertrude Percy Countess Amherst [aged 42] by marriage Countess Amherst.
Kings Wessex: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 12 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King William I of Scotland
Kings France: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of King Philip IV of France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 26 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Kings Spain: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon
Great x 3 Grandfather: Simon Archer
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Archer 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Ferrers of Tamworth Castle 
11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Ferrers 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Andrew Archer 14 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Leigh
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Leigh
GrandFather: Thomas Archer 1st Baron Archer 15 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Samuel Dashwood 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Francis Dashwood
Great x 2 Grandfather: Samuel Dashwood
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Sleigh
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Sleigh
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Dashwood
Father: Andrew Archer 2nd Baron Archer 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Tipping
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Tipping 1st Baronet
GrandMother: Catherine Tipping Baroness Archer 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Cheeke
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Cheeke 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Radclyffe 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Cheke of Pirgo 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Rich 1st Earl Warwick 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Essex Rich 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Penelope Devereux Countess Devonshire 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Cheke 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Russell 4th Earl Bedford 
10 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Russell 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Brydges Countess Bedford 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Laetitia Russell 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Moyses Hill Marshall of Ulster
Great x 3 Grandmother: Penelope Hill
Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: James West 
Mother: Sarah West Baroness Archer