Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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Cardinal is in Lords Spritual England.
In 1179 Cardinal William "White Hands" Blois (age 44) was appointed Cardinal.
Before 28th October 1216 Cardinal Guala Bicchieri (age 66) was appointed Cardinal.
On 17th September 1361 Cardinal John of Thoresby was appointed Cardinal.
In 1426 Cardinal Henry Beaufort (age 51) was appointed Cardinal.
In 1439 Louis of Luxembourg was appointed Cardinal by Pope Eugene IV (age 56) at the request of the English.
On 18th December 1439 Cardinal John Kempe (age 59) was created Cardinal.
In 1473 Thomas Bourchier (age 55) was appointed Cardinal.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In 1493 Cardinal John Morton (age 73) was appointed Cardinal.
On 18th December 1506 Louis Amboise Bishop Albi (age 27) was appointed Cardinal.
On 10th September 1515 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (age 42) was appointed Cardinal by Pope Leo X (age 39).
In 1537 Cardinal Reginald Pole (age 36) was appointed Cardinal.
In 1538 Cardinal David Beaton (age 44) was appointed Cardinal.
In 1597 Cardinal Philipp Wilhelm Wittelsbach (age 20) was appointed Cardinal.
In 1675 Cardinal Philip Howard (age 46) was appointed Cardinal by Pope Clement X (age 84).
Cardinal Philippe Valois was appointed Cardinal.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart was appointed Cardinal.
Cardinal Charles Bourbon Conti was appointed Cardinal.
Cardinal Louis of Bar was appointed Cardinal.