The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Earl of Scarborough is in Earldoms of England Alphabetically, Earldoms of England Chronologically, Extant Earldoms of England.
Summary
15th April 1690. Richard Lumley 1st Earl Scarborough [aged 40] created. See Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven.
17th December 1721. Son Richard Lumley 2nd Earl Scarborough [aged 35] succeeded.
29th January 1740. Brother Thomas Lumley-Saunderson 3rd Earl Scarborough [aged 49] succeeded.
15th March 1752. Son Richard Lumley-Saunderson 4th Earl Scarborough [aged 26] succeeded.
12th May 1782. Son George Lumley-Saunderson 5th Earl Scarborough [aged 28] succeeded.
5th September 1807. Brother Richard Lumley-Saunderson 6th Earl Scarborough [aged 50] succeeded.
17th June 1832. Brother John Lumley-Savile 7th Earl Scarborough [aged 71] succeeded.
21st February 1835. Son John Lumley-Savile 8th Earl Scarborough [aged 46] succeeded.
29th October 1856. First Cousin Once Removed Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough [aged 43] succeeded.
5th December 1884. Son Aldred Beresford Lumley 10th Earl Scarborough [aged 27] succeeded.
4th March 1945. Nephew Roger Lumley 11th Earl of Scarbrough [aged 48] succeeded.
29th June 1969. Son Richard Lumley 12th Earl of Scarbrough [aged 36] succeeded.
23rd March 2004. Son Richard Lumley 13th Earl of Scarbrough [aged 30] succeeded.
On 15th April 1690 Richard Lumley [aged 40] was created Earl of Scarborough by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 39] in recognition of his support of the Glorious Revolution he having been one of the signatories of the Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven. Frances Jones [aged 23] by marriage Countess of Scarborough.
On 17th December 1721 Richard Lumley 1st Earl Scarborough [aged 71] died of apoplexy at Gerard Street, Soho. His son Richard [aged 35] succeeded 2nd Earl of Scarborough, 3rd Viscount Lumley, 2nd Baron Lumley.
On 29th January 1740 Richard Lumley 2nd Earl Scarborough [aged 53] committed suicide by shooting himself through the roof of the mouth possibly as a result of his having told the Dowager Duchess of Manchester [aged 34], who he had intended to marry the following day, a state secret which she then shared with her grandmother Sarah Jennings Duchess of Marlborough [aged 79] who shared it with William Pulteney 1st Earl Bath [aged 55] who shared it with everyone else. His brother Thomas [aged 49] succeeded 3rd Earl of Scarborough, 4th Viscount Lumley, 3rd Baron Lumley. Frances Hamilton Countess Scarborough by marriage Countess of Scarborough. He left his estates to his youngest brother James Lumley [aged 34].
On 4th February 1740 Richard Lumley 2nd Earl Scarborough was buried at the Grosvenor Chapel, Mayfair.
On 15th March 1752 Thomas Lumley-Saunderson 3rd Earl Scarborough [aged 61] died. His son Richard [aged 26] succeeded 4th Earl of Scarborough, 5th Viscount Lumley, 4th Baron Lumley.
Before 1753 Richard Lumley-Saunderson 4th Earl Scarborough [aged 27] and Barbara Savile Countess Scarborough were married. She by marriage Countess of Scarborough. He the son of Thomas Lumley-Saunderson 3rd Earl Scarborough and Frances Hamilton Countess Scarborough.
On 12th May 1782 Richard Lumley-Saunderson 4th Earl Scarborough [aged 57] died. His son George [aged 28] succeeded 5th Earl of Scarborough, 6th Viscount Lumley, 5th Baron Lumley.
On 5th September 1807 George Lumley-Saunderson 5th Earl Scarborough [aged 53] died. His brother Richard [aged 50] succeeded 6th Earl of Scarborough, 7th Viscount Lumley, 6th Baron Lumley. Henrietta Willoughby Viscountess Lumley by marriage Viscountess Lumley.
On 17th June 1832 Richard Lumley-Saunderson 6th Earl Scarborough [aged 75] died. His brother John [aged 71] succeeded 7th Earl of Scarborough, 8th Viscount Lumley, 7th Baron Lumley. Anna Maria Herring Viscountess Lumley by marriage Viscountess Lumley.
On 21st February 1835 John Lumley-Savile 7th Earl Scarborough [aged 74] died. His son John [aged 46] succeeded 8th Earl of Scarborough, 9th Viscount Lumley, 8th Baron Lumley.
In October 1846 Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough [aged 33] and Adeliza Drummond Countess Scarborough were married. She by marriage Countess of Scarborough.
On 29th October 1856 John Lumley-Savile 8th Earl Scarborough [aged 68] died. His first cousin once removed Richard [aged 43] succeeded 9th Earl of Scarborough, 10th Viscount Lumley, 9th Baron Lumley.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 5th December 1884 Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough [aged 71] died. His son Aldred [aged 27] succeeded 10th Earl of Scarborough, 11th Viscount Lumley, 10th Baron Lumley.
On 8th April 1899 Aldred Beresford Lumley 10th Earl Scarborough [aged 41] and Lucy Cecilia Dunn-Garnder Countess Scarborough were married at Christ Church, Mayfair. She by marriage Countess of Scarborough. He the son of Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough and Adeliza Drummond Countess Scarborough.
On 4th March 1945 Aldred Beresford Lumley 10th Earl Scarborough [aged 87] died. His nephew Roger [aged 48] succeeded 11th Earl of Scarborough, 12th Viscount Lumley, 11th Baron Lumley. Katherine Isobel McEwen Countess Scarborough [aged 45] by marriage Countess of Scarborough.
On 29th June 1969 Roger Lumley 11th Earl of Scarbrough [aged 72] died. His son Richard [aged 36] succeeded 12th Earl of Scarborough, 13th Viscount Lumley, 12th Baron Lumley.
In 1970 Richard Lumley 12th Earl of Scarbrough [aged 37] and Elizabeth Anne Ramsay Countess Scarborough [aged 28] were married. She by marriage Countess of Scarborough. He the son of Roger Lumley 11th Earl of Scarbrough and Katherine Isobel McEwen Countess Scarborough [aged 70].
On 23rd March 2004 Richard Lumley 12th Earl of Scarbrough [aged 71] died. His son Richard [aged 30] succeeded 13th Earl of Scarborough, 14th Viscount Lumley, 13th Baron Lumley.