William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Ermine Street
Ermine Street 2b Braughing to Durobrivae
Ermine Street 2d Lincoln to Winterton
Ermine Street 2e Brough to York
Ermine Street 2a London to Braughing
Ermine Street 2 is in Roman Roads.
Ermine Street 2 is number 2 in 'Roman Roads of Britain' by Ivan D Margary.
Around 50AD. Ancaster [Map] was the junction of Ermine Street and King Street. During the Romano-British period, the Romans built a roadside settlement on the site of a
Ermine Street. From Durobrivae [Map] Ermine Street crosses the River Welland at Stamford [Map] then continues through Great Casterton [Map], Colsterworth [Map], Ancaster [Map]. Continuing on a new alignment Ermine Street passes east of Navenby [Map] meeting the Fosse Way at Bracebridge [Map] with both roads continuing together to Lindum Colonia [Map] aka Lincoln.
Ermine Street 2b Braughing to Durobrivae. From Braughing, Hertfordshire [Map] Ermine Street continues north through Buntingford, Hertfordshire [Map]. 1.6km north of Buntingford, Hertfordshire [Map] the road make a change of alignment before heading to Royston, Hertfordshire [Map] where it again changes aligment before passing through Caxton Gibbet [Map], Durovigutum [Map], Huntingdon [Map], Great Stukeley [Map], Alconbury [Map] and Sawtry [Map], Chesterton [Map] before reaching Durobrivae [Map].
Caxton Gibbet [Map] is the location of a gibbet on a small knoll on Ermine Street in Cambridgeshire.
Durobrivae was a Roman fortified garrison town at Water Newton [Map] where Ermine Street crossed the River Nene in the territory of the Corieltauvi.
Hibaldstow Roman Fort [Map] was a Roman legionary 'roadside fort' on Ermine Street founded around 80AD which continued in use into the late fourth century.
Ermine Street 2d Lincoln to Winterton. Ermine Street left Lincoln through Bailgate, Lincoln [Map] and travelled north past Fox Owmby [Map], Caenby Corner [Map], Hibaldstow Roman Fort [Map], Appeby [Map] to Winteringham [Map] where a ferry across the Humber Estuary to Petuaria [Map].
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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Ermine Street 2e Brough to York. Having crossed the Humber Estuary to Petuaria [Map] Ermine Street continues north past South Newbald [Map], Shiptonthorpe [Map], Barmby [Map]. Ermine Street then follows either, or both of two routes. The first, Kexby Bridge [Map] to Eboracum [Map]. The second route suggests Ermine Street may have continued to Durham via Wilberfoss [Map], Stamford Bridge [Map] after whic it turned left for Eboracum [Map].
Ermine Street 2a London to Braughing leaves the city of London at Bishopsgate Gate [Map] and thereafter travelled north through Shoreditch [Map], Stoke Newington [Map], Stamford Hill [Map], Tottenham [Map], Edmonton [Map], Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire [Map], Broxbourne, Hertfordshire [Map], Puckeridge, Hertfordshire [Map] to Braughing, Hertfordshire [Map].
Braughing, Hertfordshire [Map] was a small Roman Town at the junction of Ermine Street and Stane Street to Colchester. There was a planned street grid where thatched timber buildings, which lasted until about AD 60, were constructed. Not long afterwards substantial masonry structures were also constructed, including an L-shaped building with bath suite which was still in use in the 4th century. Coins of Tasciovanus (c. 20BC - AD10) are known from the site identifying an associated with the Catuvellauni. The final Roman coin evidence from the site is associated with Arcadius (AD383 - 408).