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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Exchequer is in Miscellaneous.
In 1673 Robert Howard (age 46) was appointed Auditor of the Exchequer.
In 1207 William Cantilupe Baron (age 48) was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.
Close Rolls Edward IV Edward V Richard III 1476-1485. 30th June 1483 William Catesby (age 33) was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. King Richard III of England (age 30). Westminster Palace [Map] Grant for life to William Catesby, esquire, of the office of Baron of the Exchequer, receiving the accustomed fees at the Exchequer or the receipt of the Exchequer, with all rights, profits and commodities. By p.s.
In 1522 John Hales of Tenterden (age 52) was appointed third Baron of the Exchequer.
In 1564 John Birch (age 15) was appointed Baron of the Exchequer which post he held until 1572.
In 1564 John Birch was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.
On 23rd October 1584 Edward Flowerdew was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 30th May 1654 Richard Pepys (age 64) was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.
On 20th June 1673 Hugh Wyndham Baron of the Exchequer (age 71) was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.
In July 1443 Ralph Cromwell 3rd Baron Cromwell (age 40) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
In 1471 William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 40) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
In 1525 Henry Guildford (age 36) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
On 3rd June 1532 Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex (age 49) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
On 26th July 1538 Francis Talbot 5th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 38) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
On 25th September 1560 George Talbot 6th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 32) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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In 1605 William Killigrew (age 50) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
In 1609 Walter Cope (age 56) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
In 1613 Nicholas Carew (age 46) was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer.
John Evelyn's Diary. 4th April 1701. The Duke of Norfolk (deceased) died of an apoplexy, and Mr. Thomas Howard of complicated disease since his being cut for the stone; he was one of the Tellers of the Exchequer. Mr. How (age 52) made a Baron.
In 1736 Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke (age 15) was appointed Teller of the Exchequer.