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All About History Books

The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

Biography of William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York 1101-1179

Paternal Family Tree: Blois

1138 Battle of the Standard aka Northallerton

1141 First Battle of Lincoln

Before 1101 [his father] Stephen Blois Count Aumale (age 30) and [his mother] Hawise Mortimer Countess Aumale were married. She by marriage Countess Aumale. He the son of [his grandfather] Odo Blois Count Troyes, Champagne and Aumale and 1st Earl Holderness (age 60) and [his grandmother] Adelaide Normandy Countess Troyes and Meaux Champagne Aumale Ponthieu.

Around 1101 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York was born to Stephen Blois Count Aumale (age 31) and Hawise Mortimer Countess Aumale.

In 1127 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York (age 26) was created 1st Earl Albemarle 1C 1127.

In 1127 [his father] Stephen Blois Count Aumale (age 57) died. He was buried at Wigmore Abbey [Map]. Earl Holderness Feudal extinct.

In 1127 [his mother] Hawise Mortimer Countess Aumale died. She was buried at Wigmore Abbey [Map].

Flowers of History by Roger of Wendover 1138. How the king of Scotland again invaded Northumberland.

Whilst king Stephen was thus engaged in the south of England, David king of Scots led an immense army into Northumberland. Here he was met by the northern nobility, who, under the command of Thurstan archbishop of York (age 67), planted the king's standard at Alverton1, and manfully resisted the enemy. The principal men engaged in this battle were William earl of Albemarle (age 36), William of Nottingham, Walter Espec and Gilbert de Lacy. The archbishop was prevented by illness from being present, but sent in his place Ralph bishop of Durham [Note. Possibly Bishop Radulf Novell, Bishop of Orkney?] to remind the people of their duty. His speech to them, from an eminence in the midst of the army, was after this fashion: "Brave nobles of England, Normans by birth, at whose prowess the bravery of France trembles, and to whose arms fierce England has submitted, under whose government rich Apulia2 has again flourished: Jerusalem, so famous, and illustrious Antioch have both bowed before you, and now Scotland, which by right is subject to you, dares to resist you, and displays a rashness which is not supported by her arms, fitter, as she is, for a riot than for a battle. Do not then be afraid, but rather be indignant that those, whom we have always sought out and conquered in their own country, have now, reversing the usual order, madly sought us out upon our own ground. But I, your bishop, tell you that this has been done as a divine warning, that those who have in this country violated the temples of God, polluted his altars, slain his priests, and spared neither children nor women with child, may on this same soil receive condign punishment for their crimes. Be brave then, ye polished warriors: and with the valour which belongs to your race, nay rather with the foreknowledge of God, repulse these craven foes who know not how to arm themselves in the day of battle3 Do not look out for any doubtful contingencies such as happen in war. Your breast is covered with your coat of mail, your head with the helmet, your legs with greaves, and all your bodies with your shields: the enemy cannot find where to strike you, for he beholds you surrounded on every side with arms. Why then should you hesitate unarmed and unwarlike? But the enemy are advancing in disorder and forbid me to say more, they are pouring forward in a scattered manner, at which I rejoice. Whichever of you shall fall fighting for God and your country, we absolve him from all punishment due to his sins, in the name of the Father, whose creatures the foe has so shamefully and horribly slain; of the Son, whose altars they have polluted; and of the Holy Ghost, whose grace they have set at naught, in perpetrating such enormous acts of wickedness." All the English army replied to this address with a shout, and the mountains and hills re-echoed Amen, Amen!

Note 1. North Allerton.

Note 3. The Normans in Naples.

Note 3. Is this an allusion the Scottish peculiarity of costume?

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Battle of the Standard aka Northallerton

On 22nd August 1138 an English army commanded by William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York (age 37), William "The Younger" Peverell (age 58) and Robert III Stuteville defeated a Scottish army led by King David I of Scotland (age 54) and his son Henry Dunkeld 3rd Earl Huntingdon 1st Earl of Northumbria (age 24). The battle was fought at Cowton Moor, Northallerton. The name "Battle of the Standard refers to the standard i.e. mast, pole, mounted on a cart on which the banners of the Bishops of Durham, York, Beverly and Ripon which were flown.

Robert III Stuteville: he was born to Robert Stuteville at Estouteville. Before 1186 Robert III Stuteville and Helewise de Murdac were married. In 1186 Robert III Stuteville died. Before 1186 Robert III Stuteville and Sibilla Valognes were married.

. 22nd August 1138. Irruption of the Scots, and Battle of the Standard.

During these events, David (age 54), king of Scotland, made a third irruption from the borders of his kingdom, with large bands both of horse and foot, and began to set on fire farms, towns, and castles, on the confines of Northumbria, and lay waste nearly all the country. But as he threatened at last to pursue his inroad as far as York and the Humber, Ralph, archbishop of Canterbury, archbishop of York, had a conference with the Yorkshiremen, and prevailed on them all, with one consent, to take the oath of fealty to king Stephen, and resist the king of Scots. David, however, was still more incensed at this, and rejecting all advice to the contrary, and reaching the river Tees on the octave of the Assumption of St. Mary [22nd August], which happened on a Monday, he determined to surprise our troops, there being a thick fog in the morning of that day. Hoping, in consequence, to come upon us unawares, he left many vills untouched, and would not suffer his men to set fire to any place, as they usually did. Meanwhile, our troops being warned by a squire, though somewhat late so that they were nearly taken by surprise, armed themselves, and drew up in order of battle with the utmost despatch, sending out archers in front, by whom the Scots were severely galled. Then the king's barons marched with the knights, having all dismounted and stationed themselves in the first rank, and thus fought hand-in-hand with the enemy. The conflict was ended, and victory secured at the very first onset, for the Scots gave way, and either fell or fled in the greatest alarm. Our men, however, being on foot, and having caused all their horses to be led to some distance, were unable to continue the pursuit long, otherwise they would have taken or put to the sword the king himself, with his son (age 24), and all his immediate attendants. Of his army, nearly ten thousand men fell in different places, and as many as fifty persons of rank were made prisoners. The vanquished king himself escaped by flight, overwhelmed with terror and shame. His chancellor, William Comyn, was taken by the bishop of Durham; but being set at liberty, he gave thanks to God, heartily hoping he should never again fall into such a scrape. The king's son reached Carlisle on foot, attended by a single knight; and his father escaped with some difficulty through the woods and thickets to Roxburgh. He had led an innumerable army consisting of French, as well as English, Scots, Galwegians, and the people of all the isles which owed him allegiance, but nineteen only out of two hundred of his mailed knights carried back their armour; for every one left nearly all that he had to become the spoil of the enemy, so that an immense booty, both of horses, arms, and clothing, and many other things, was taken from his army. Eustace Fitz-John (age 50), who had joined his expedition, met with a similar fate, having been wounded, and barely escaping with life to his castle. Among the valiant men who, in Christ's name, fought on behalf of king Stephen, were the earl of Albemarle (age 37), Bernard de Baliol, and many others, but the earl was distinguished for his bravery in the battle.1

Note 1. A more detailed account of this famous "Battle of the Standard" will be found in Henry of Huntingdon's History, pp. 267, &c. [.Antiq. Lib.], and in Roger of Wendover, ibid, p. 489. Cf. also William of Newbury, Trivet, and Rieval "de Bello Standardi," in Twysden

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Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 22nd August 1138. In this year came David, King of Scotland (age 54), with an immense army to this land. He was ambitious to win this land; but against him came William, Earl of Albemarle (age 37), to whom the king (age 44) had committed York, and other borderers, with few men, and fought against them, and routed the king at the Standard, and slew very many of his gang.

After 22nd August 1138 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York (age 37) was created 1st Earl York for his role at the Battle of the Standard; see Chronicle of John Prior of Hexham.

First Battle of Lincoln

On 2nd February 1141 the army of Empress Matilda (age 38) commanded by Robert Normandy 1st Earl Gloucester (age 42) defeated the army of King Stephen I England (age 47). Matilda's army included Ranulf Gernon 4th Earl Chester (age 42) and Madog ap Maredudd Mathrafal Prince Powys. King Stephen I England, Gilbert Gaunt 1st Earl Lincoln (age 15), William "The Younger" Peverell (age 61) and Ilbert Lacy 3rd Baron Pontefract were captured. William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York (age 40) fought for Stephen, his cousin.

Around 1158 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York (age 57) and Cecily Skipton Countess Aumale and York (age 20) were married. She by marriage Countess Albemarle, Countess York. The difference in their ages was 37 years. He the son of Stephen Blois Count Aumale and Hawise Mortimer Countess Aumale.

On 20th August 1179 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York (age 78) died. His daughter [his daughter] Hawise succeeded 2nd Countess Albemarle. Earl York extinct. The succession of the Earldom of York is somewhat unclear; it may have been created for life only, or for male succession only.

In 1190 [his former wife] Cecily Skipton Countess Aumale and York (age 52) died.

[his daughter] Hawise Blois 2nd Countess Albemarle and Essex was born to William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York and Cecily Skipton Countess Aumale and York.

Royal Ancestors of William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York 1101-1179

Kings Franks: Great x 10 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Royal Descendants of William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York 1101-1179

Queen Jane Seymour

Brigadier-General Charles FitzClarence

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Queen Consort Camilla Shand

Diana Spencer Princess Wales

Ancestors of William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York 1101-1179

Great x 3 Grandfather: Odo Blois I Count Blois

Great x 4 Grandmother: Luitgarde Vermandois Duchess Normandy

Great x 2 Grandfather: Odo Blois II Count Blois

Great x 4 Grandfather: Conrad I King Burgundy

Great x 3 Grandmother: Bertha Welf Queen Consort France

Great x 1 Grandfather: Stephen Blois II Count Troyes and Meaux

Great x 3 Grandfather: William IV Auvergne

Great x 2 Grandmother: Ermengarde Auvergne Countess Blois

GrandFather: Odo Blois Count Troyes, Champagne and Aumale and 1st Earl Holderness

Great x 1 Grandmother: Adele Unknown

Father: Stephen Blois Count Aumale

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard "Fearless" Normandy I Duke Normandy

Great x 4 Grandmother: Sprota Unknown

Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard "Good" Normandy II Duke Normandy

Great x 4 Grandfather: Unknown Unknown

Great x 3 Grandmother: Gunnora Countess Ponthieu

Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert "Magnificent" Normandy I Duke Normandy

GrandMother: Adelaide Normandy Countess Troyes and Meaux Champagne Aumale Ponthieu

William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York