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Abdication of Richard II is in 1390-1399 Henry IV Accedes.
On 24th July 1399 King Richard II of England (age 32) landed at Milford Haven having travelled from Ireland.
On 12th August 1399 King Richard II of England (age 32) negotiated with Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 57) at Conwy Castle [Map].
On 19th August 1399 King Richard II of England (age 32) surrendered to Henry Bolingbroke Earl of Derby (age 32) at Flint Castle [Map]. William Ros 6th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 29) was present [Note. Wikipedia states Berkeley Castle?]
On 29th September 1399 King Richard II of England (age 32) abdicated King of England at the Tower of London [Map]. William Ros 6th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 29), Thomas Grey (age 40), William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby (age 29), Hugh Burnell 2nd Baron Burnell (age 52) and Thomas Rempston were present.
On 30th September 1399 King Henry IV of England (age 32) became King of England usurping the throne of his cousin Richard II (age 32) and Richard's heir, the seven year old Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March (age 7) who was descended from Edward III's second son Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence. This second usurption was to have far reaching consequences since it subsequently became the descent by which the House of York claimed precedence over the House of Lancaster being one of the causes of the Wars of the Roses.
Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 35) was appointed Earl Marshal.
The Deposition of King Richard II. I. Translation of a French Metrical History of the Deposition of King Richard the Second, written by a Contemporary, and comprising the Period from his last Expedition into Ireland to his Death; from a MS. formerly belonging to Charles of Anjou, Earl of Maine and Mortain; but now preserved in the British Museum; accompanied by Prefatory Observations, Notes, and an Appendix; with a Copy of the Original. By the Rev. JOHN WEBB, M. A. F. A. S. Rector of Tretire in Herefordshire, and Minor-Canon of the Cathedral of Gloucester. Read 14th Jan 1819.
The Deposition of King Richard II. 12th August 1399. Then the earl went on board a vessel and crossed the water. He found King Richard, and the Earl of Salisbury (age 49) with him, as well as the Bishop of Carlisle. He said to the king,p "Sire, Duke Henry hath sent me hither to the end that an agreement should be made between you, and that you should be good friends for the time to come, — If it be your pleasure, Sire, and I may be heard, I will deliver to you his message, and conceal nothing of the truth; — If you will be a good judge and true, and will bring up all those whom I shall here name to you, by a certain day, for the ends of justice; listen to the parliament which you shall lawfully cause to be held between you at Westminster, and restore him to be chief judge of England, as the duke his fatherq and all his ancestors had been for more than an hundred years. I will tell you the names of those who shall await the trial. May it please you, Sire, it is time they should."
Note p. We are here supplied with some additional matter from the MS. Ambassades. Huntingdon, by command of the duke, sent one of his retinue after Northumberland with two letters, one for Northumberland, the other for the king. When he appeared before the king with seven attendants, he was asked by him, if he had not met his brother on the road? "Yes, Sire," he answered," and here is a letter he gave me for you." The king looked at the letter and the seal, and saw that it was the seal of his brother; then he opened the letter and read it. All that it contained was this, "My very dear Lord, I commend me to you: and you will believe the earl in every thing that he shall say to you. For I found the duke at my city of Chester, who has a great desire to have a good peace and agreement with you, and has kept me to attend upon him till he shall know your pleasure."2 When the king had read this letter, he turned to Northumberland, and said, "Now tell me what message you bring." To which the earl replied, "My very dear Lord, the Duke of Lancaster hath sent me to you, to tell you that what he most wishes for in this world is to have peace and agreement with you; and he greatly repents with all his heart of the displeasure that he hath caused you now and at other times; and asks nothing of you in this living world, save that it may please you to account him your cousin and friend; and that it may please you only to let him have his land; and that he may be chief judge of England, as his father and his predecessors have been, and that all other things of time past may be put in oblivion between you two; for which purpose he hath chosen umpires (juges) for yourself and for him, that is to say, the Bishop of Carlisle, the Earl of Salisbury, Maudelain, and the Earl of Westmorland; and charges them with the agreement that is between you and him. Give me an answer, if you please; for all the greatest lords of England and the commons are of this opinion." On which the king desired him to withdraw a little, and he should have an answer soon.1
The latter part of this speech contains an important variation from the metrical history, worthy of the artifice of the earl; but the opposite account of our eye-witness, confirmed in Richard's subsequent address to his friends, is doubtless the true representation. The writer of MS. Ambassades might be at this time at Chester; but admitting that he had been in the train of Northumberland on the journey, he could not have been present at the conference.
Note 2. Accounts and Extracts, II. p. 219.
Note 1. MS. Ambassades, pp. 134, 135. Mr. Allen's Extracts.
Note q. The style of the duke his father was, John, the son of the King of England, Duke of Guienne and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Steward of England.2 " The word seneshal," says Rastall, "was borrowed by the French of the Germans; and signifies one that hath the dispensing of justice in some particular cases, as the High Steward of England;"1a the jurisdiction of his court, by the statute,2a" shall not pass the space of twelve miles to be counted from the lodgings of our Lord the King."
These "particular cases" would, however, have secured to him a power of exercising his vengeance upon the parties who are immediately afterwards named. But the request urged with such apparent humility was only a part of the varnish of the plot. He had not waited for Richard's consent, having already, within two days after his arrival at Chester, assumed the title upon his own authority. In Madox, Formulare Anglicanum, p. 327, is a letter of safe conduct from Henry to the prior of Beauval, dated from that place, August 10, 23 Richard II. in which he styles himself" Henry, Due de Lancastre,Conte de Derby, de Leycestre, de Herford, et de Northampton, Seneschal d'Angleterre."
He conferred the office upon Thomas, his second son, by patent dated October 8, 1399; constituting at the same time Thomas Percy Deputy High Steward during the minority of the prince.3a
Note 2. Cotton's Abridgement, p. 343.
Note 1a. Termes de la Ley. v. Sene
Note 2a. 13 Ric. II. St. 1. c. 3.
Note 3a. Rymer, Fœdera, VIII. p. 90.
Illustration 11. King Richard II of England (age 32), standing in black and red, meeting with Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 57) at Conwy Castle [Map].
The Deposition of King Richard II. This reply was a most joyful hearing for us. After this the duke entered the castle, armed at all points, except his basinet, as you may see in this history. Then they made the king, who had dined in the donjon, come down to meet Duke Henry, who, as soon as he perceived him at a distance, bowed very low to the ground; and as they approached each other he bowed a second time, with his cap in his hand; and then the king took off his bonnet, and spake first in this manner: "Fair cousin of Lancaster, you be right welcome." Then Duke Henry replied, bowing very low to the ground, "My Lord, I am come sooner than you sent for me: the reason wherefore I will tell you. The common report of your people is such, that you have, for the space of twenty or two and twenty years, governed them very badly and very rigorously, and in so much that they are not well contented therewith. But if it please our Lord, I will help you to govern them better than they have been governed in time past."y
Note y. Language of the same kind Richard was made to employ in two orders speedily issued for the purpose of keeping the peace and repressing any attempt of his own friends; one dated at Chester August 20th; and another at Lichfield August 24th. They both speak of the duke in these words; "qui jam idem regnum nostrum pro regimine et gubernatione ejusdem, ac diversis defectibus, in eodem regno existentibus, emendandis, aliisque de causis est ingressus."
Ilustration 14. King Richard II of England (age 32) (standing in black and red) surrendering to King Henry IV of England (age 32) (holding the white staff) at Flint Castle [Map].
If the date laid down by our historian in page 151 be correct, and those of the writs given in Rymer equally so, it would follow that the former of these instruments would seem to have been framed by anticipation upon Henry's authority, and set forth in the king's name before his arrival; since, according to the text, Richard was not brought into the city of Chester till Tuesday, the twenty-second of August. But there appears strong reason to suspect that the writer may not have been accurate as to the day of the month on which the king was taken from Flint castle, though there may be no doubt that he is right as to the day of the week. I am inclined, with Carte, to place this event on August 19 [1399]; which I find by calculation to have fallen on Tuesday in that year, and then the dates of the documents in Rymer will follow in their right course. The king would be on Wednesday, August 20, at Chester, where the first writ was issued; and after remaining there three days, and setting out on the fourth from his leaving Flint, inclusive, might be at Lichfield on his way to London, on Sunday, the twenty-fourth of the same month; where the second writ was issued. Indeed the Monk of Evesham asserts that they halted at Lichfield the whole of Sunday, being the festival of Saint Bartholomew the apostle, which by the calendar corresponds to August 21, and accords with the indisputable authority in Rymer.
Chronicle of John Benet. 19th August 1399. Afterward, he advanced to Flint Castle, where he captured King Richard and led him first to Chester, then to Coventry, Northampton, and finally to London, where he imprisoned him in the Tower. The Duke Henry then held a parliament in London and was crowned King Henry on the feast of Saint Edward, King and Confessor. Before Christmas, King Richard was placed in Pontefract Castle [Map].
... et postea transivit ad castellum de Flynt et in eo cepit regem Ricardum et duxit illum in Cestriam et ad Coventriam et Norhamptonam et sic Londonias et posuit illum in Turri, et tenuit Dux Henricus parliamentum apud Lundon' et coronatus fuit Henricus in regem in die sancti Edwardi regis et confessoris, et ante Natale positus est rex Ricardus in castro de Pontefracto;
Thomas Walsingham [-1422]. [19th August 1399] These terms being agreed upon and confirmed, he [King Richard II (age 32)] came to Flint Castle [Map], where, after a brief conversation with the Duke of Lancaster [Henry Bolingbroke], they mounted their horses and came to Chester Castle that night with the army that had followed the Duke, which was exceedingly numerous. The King, however, surrendered himself to the Duke on the twentieth day of August, on the forty-seventh day after the Duke's entry into England. The King's treasury, along with his horses, other ornaments, and all the furnishings of his household, fell into the hands of the Duke. However, the King's household members, both magnates, lords, and lesser men, were despoiled by the Welsh and the Northumbrians. The King himself was led to London, to be kept in the Tower until the next Parliament.
Quibus concessis et firmatis venit ad castrum de Flynt; ubi habito brevi collogquio cum Duce Lancastrize, mox ascensis equis venerunt ad castellum Cestriæ ea nocte, cum exercitu, qui Ducem secutus fuerat, Inumeroso valde. Reddidit autem se Rex Dueci vicesimo die mensis Augusti, et quadragesimo septimo die ab ingressu Ducis in Angliam: thesaurus Regis, cum equis et aliis ornamentis, et universa domus supellectili, venit ad manus Ducis; sed familiares Regis, magnates, domini, et mediocres, per Wallicos et Northumbrenses despoliati sunt. Rex vero perductus est Londonias, conservandus in Turri usque ad Parliamentum proximo celebrandum.
Betrayal and Death of King Richard II. [3rd September 1399] The Duke of Lancaster went on the morrow to the Tower, with the Duke of York and the Earl of Rutland in his company; and, when there, he desired thund the Earl of Arundel to send King Richard to him. The Earl went to deliver his message; the which when the King had heard, he replied, 'Arundel, go tell Henry of Lancaster from me that I will do no such thing, and that, if he wishes to speak with me, he must come to me; otherwise I will not speak to him.' The Earl reported his answer to the Duke, upon which he and the other lords went to the King; and, for sure, none of the lords shewed any respect to the King except the Duke of Lancaster, who took off his hat and saluted him respectfully, and said to him, 'My lord, here is our cousin the Duke of Aumarle, and his father our uncle, who wish to speak with you.' To which the King answered, Cousin, they are not worthy to speak to me.' 'But have the goodness to hear them,' replied the Duke. Upon which the King uttered an oath, and York and said to his uncle of York, 'Thou villain! what wouldst base treason. thou say to me? and thou traitor of Rutland! thou art Rutland with neither worthy nor good enough to speak to me, nor to bear the name of Duke, Earl, or Knight: thou, and the villain thy father, have both of you foully betrayed me. I pray to God, and to St. John the Baptist, that cursed may be the hour wherein ye were born; by you and by your false counsel was my uncle of Gloucester put to death. Alas! that I should have ever been so fond of so false a traitor;1 for by thee the kingdom of England will be destroyed, I am convinced! The Earl of Rutland replied to the King, that in what he said he lied, and threw down his bonnet at his feet; which the King kicked two or three paces from him, and said to him, 'Traitor! I am King and thy lord, and will still continue King; and will be a greater lord than I ever was, in spite of all my enemies; and you are not fit to speak to me!' Upon this the Duke of Lancaster forbad the Earl to speak, or he would order the Constable and Marshal to lay the hand upon him till such time as he should repent. After these words the King asked the Duke of Lancaster, 'Why do you keep me so closely guarded by your men-at-arms? I wish to know if you acknowledge me as your lord and King, or what you mean to do with me?" The Duke replied, 'It is true you are my King and lord, but the council of the realm have ordered that you should be kept in confinement until the day of the meeting of Parliament.' The King again swore, and desired that the Queen his wife might come to speak to him. 'Excuse me, my lord,' replied the Duke, 'it is forbidden by the council.' Then was the King in great wrath, but he could not help himself, and said to the Duke, that he did great wrong both to him and to the Queen. The Duke replied, 'My lord, we cannot do otherwise till the Parliament meets.' The King was so enraged with this speech that he could scarce speak, and paced twenty-three steps down the room without uttering a word; and presently he broke out thus: 'O God of Paradise! O Virgin Mary! O St. John the Baptist and all the saints of Paradise, how can you suffer the great wrongs and treason which this people have committed and wish to commit against me, and my dear lady, my wife, and daughter of my dear and beloved lord and father the noble King of France, who little dreams of our miserable condition and in what danger we are placed! Now I see plainly that you are all false traitors to God, my lady, and me; this will I prove against any four of the best of you with my body, like a loyal knight as I am, and I never forfeited my knighthood.' (For it is true that my lord was all his life a good and loyal knight.) 'My grandfather, King Edward, gave me the crown before his death, God have mercy on him! and afterwards was I crowned by the consent of all the nobles, and of the whole country; and you have acknowledged me as your King these twenty-two years, how dare you use me so cruelly? I say that you behave to me like false men, and like false traitors to their lord; this will I prove, and fight four of the best of you, and there is my pledge:' saying which the King threw down his bonnet. The Duke of Lancaster fell on his knees, and besought him to be quiet till the meeting of Parliament, and there every one would bring forward his reason. 'At least, fair sirs, for God's sake let me be brought to trial, that I may give an account of my conduct, and that I may answer to all they would say against me.' Then said the Duke of Lancaster, 'My lord, be not afraid, nothing unreasonable shall be done to you.' And so he took leave of the King, and not a lord who was there durst utter a word.
Note 1. MS. Lebaud adds, 'Go to the devil, and may he carry you off!'
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Thomas Walsingham [-1422]. [29th September 1399] Meanwhile writs were directed to the persons of the realm who by right ought to attend Parliament, in the name of King Richard, that they should assemble at London, at Westminster, on the morrow of Saint Michael. When they had gathered, on the very day of Saint Michael, before the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Arundel, the Archbishop of York, Richard le Scrope, and John, Bishop of Hereford; as well as Lord Henry, Duke of Lancaster, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, Hugh, Lord Burnell, Lord Thomas Berkeley, the Abbot of Westminster, the Prior of Canterbury, the lords de Roos, de Willoughby, de Bergevenny; William Thirning and John Markham, Justices; Thomas Stoke and John Burbach, Doctors of Law; Thomas Erpingham and Thomas Gray, knights; William Ferby and Dionysius Lopham, public notaries — in the Tower of London, King Richard, gratefully, as it seemed, and with cheerful countenance, distinctly read aloud the form of his abdication. He absolved his lieges from their oath of fealty and homage, released them from all other oaths whatsoever, renounced and gave up his dominions, swore, said and recited such things in reading, and with his own hand subscribed, as is more fully contained in the form of abdication. And he immediately added that he desired the Duke of Lancaster to succeed him in the kingdom; but since this was not within his power, he appointed the Archbishop of York and the Bishop of Hereford for the time being as his procurators, to declare and make known such abdication and renunciation to all the estates of the said realm.
Interim directa sunt brevia ad personas regni, qui de jure debeant interesse Parliamento, sub nomine Regis Ricardi, ut convenirent Londoniis, apud Westmonasterium, in crastino Sancti Michaelis. Quibus convenientibus, ipso die Sancti Michaelis, coram Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, Thoma de Arundele, Archiepiscopo Eboracensi, Ricardo Le Scroop, et Johanne Episcopo Herfordensi ; necnon Domino Henrico, Duce Lancastriae, Henrico Comite Northumbriaa, Raclulpho Comite Westmerlondife, Hugone Domino de Burnele, Domino Thoma de Berkeley, Abbate Westmonasterii, Priore de Cantuaria, dominis de Roos, de Wylby, de Bergenneye, W. Thirnyngge et J. Makeham, Justiciariis ; T. Stoke et Johanne Burbache, Legum Doctoribus ; T. Herpingham et T. Gray, militibus; Willelmo de Ferby et Dionysio Lopham, notariis publicis ; in Turri Londoniarum, Rex Ricardus gratanter, ut apparuit, et vultu hilari, perlegit distincte formam cessationis suaj, et absolvit ligeos suos a juramento fidelitatis et homagii, et relaxavit ab omnibus aliis juramentis quibuscunque, et suis dominiis renunciavit et cessit, juravit, talia dixit, et protulit in legendo, et manu propria se subscripsit, prout in forma cessationis plenius continetur. Et mox adjunxit, quod desideravit ut Dux Lancastriee succederet sibi in regno; sed quia hoc in potestate sua non erat, Archiepiscopum Eboracensem et Episcopum Herfordensem pro tunc suos constituit procuratores, ad declarandum et intimandum cessationi et renunciationi hujusmodi omnibus statibus dicti regni.
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Froissart Book 4 Chapter 116. 30th September 1399. On a Wednesday, the last day of September 1399, Henry duke of Lancaster (age 32) held a parliament at Westminster; at which were assembled the greater part of the clergy and nobility of England, and a sufficient number of deputies from the different towns, according to their extent and wealth. In this parliament, the duke of Lancaster challenged the crown of England, and claimed it as his own, for three reasons: first, by conquest; secondly, from being the right heir to it; and, thirdly, from the pure and free resignation of it to him, by king Richard (age 32), in the presence of the prelates, dukes and earls in the hall of the Tower of London. These three claims being made, he required the parliament to declare their opinion and will. Upon this, they unanimously replied, that it was their will he should be king, for they would have no other. He again asked, if they were positive in this declaration; and, when they said they were, he seated himself on the royal throne. This throne was elevated some feet from the floor, with a rich canopy of cloth of gold, so that he could be seen by all present. On the king's taking his seat, the people clapped their hands for joy. and held them up, promising him fealty and homage. The parliament was then dissolved, and the day of coronation appointed for the feast of Saint Edward, which fell on a Monday, the 13th of October.
Betrayal and Death of King Richard II. [30th September 1399] After this began the Parliament;1 and, when Henry of Lancaster entered, he found there already seated all the prelates of the kingdom, to wit, eighteen bishops and thirty-two mitred abbots, besides the other Estates, prelates. The Duke came in state thus: two archbishops and his four sons walking before him; and his two brothers, and the three Dukes, of Surrey, Aumarle, and Exeter (King Richard's half-brother), who all wore his livery, walking arm in arm after him. And when the Duke had entered, Sir Thomas Percy,2 bearing a white rod in his hand, sat down right before the Duke, and cried out 'Long live Henry of Lancaster, King of England!' when all the lords, prelates, and commons of England exclaimed 'Yes, yes, Henry of Lancaster shall be our King, and none other!' The Duke then sat himself down on the throne before he was crowned, in the place where the King is accustomed to sit. The first point that the Duke mentioned was, that he had come back to the country for the benefit of the realm and the people, and to take possession of his own inheritance; he then proved that King Richard had forfeited his life and his crown, for which he gave this reason, that he and his council had put to death, without cause or reason, the two greatest warriors of all the country! First, they have put to death,' said he, 'my dear uncle the Duke of Gloucester, son of good King Edward, and my cousin the Earl of Arundel; and then the King, when he went to Ireland, gave the realm to farm to four knights, the heads of three of whom I sent to the people of London, and the fourth is in prison at your disposition; and I maintain, that when a King sets his kingdom in a blaze, or destroys town or village by fire, as King Richard has done,3 that he has forfeited his crown. And know, that, if I had not come over, the kingdom was on the point of being undone. Consider the matter, my lords, and give a just judgment.' The council of the country and the Parliament answered him, 'To-morrow, my lord, we will give you our decision.' And such was the first day's proceedings of the Duke of Lancaster and of his Parliament, neither more nor less.
Note 1. Our chronicler appears imperfectly informed of the proceedings of Parliament, and omits the important fact, that Richard had resigned his crown on Monday, 29th September, it is to be feared, by compulsion. The meeting intended to be described in the text is that of the archbishops, the lords spiritual and temporal, and the people of the kingdom, in Westminster Hall, on Tuesday, the feast of St. Jerome, Sept. 30th, 1399. The Parliament had been summoned, in the name of Richard, to meet at Westminster on Michaelmas-day; but, as Richard had been compelled to resign his crown, those summonses were of no effect. On Tuesday, Sept. 30th, Richard's resignation was read and accepted, the King's seat in Westminster Hall being vacant. Henry then challenged his right to the realm of England, which was allowed by the lords and people present, and shewed them the signet Richard had given; and then, according to the Rolls of Parliament (which, however, it must be remembered, is an ex-parte statement), he was led to the throne by the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, amidst the applause of the people. (Rot. Parl. iii. 423. See also Rep. on the Dignity of a Peer, i. 3-19.) There was a Parliament held on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel at London, where the King was spoken to as to his deposition; and, seeing that many nobles as well as plebeians were disposed to accuse him, he asked permission, as it is said, to attend the Parliament once, and, placing the crown of the realm upon the ground, resigned his right to God.' (See Appendix C) Henry's speeches on the occasion are preserved in the Rolls of Parliament, and are given in Dr. Lingard's History of England. He claimed the kingdom by right of conquest, it being vacant by the resignation of Richard; and represented Edmund Earl of Lancaster, his maternal ancestor, without even the pretence of a proof, as in truth the elder brother of Edward I. The real heir to the throne was young Edmund Mortemer, Earl of March, grandson of the Duke of Clarence, John of Gaunt's elder brother; and Richard had proclaimed him as such before his departure for Ireland. Hæres malus, indeed,' said Edmund in 1397. Creton speaks of him to his private friends; and so is the pirate unto the merchant when he despoileth him of all that he hath.' (Sir J. Hayward, Life of Henry IV.) Seven persons were appointed commissioners to pronounce sentence of deposition on King Richard, and to intimate it Writs were issued in Henry's name for summoning a Parliament on the 6th October; but business was not proceeded with till Tuesday, October 14, the day following Henry's coronation.
Note 2. The subsequent conduct of the Earl of Worcester (Sir Thos. Percy) proves that he never fully approved of Henry's conduct. He was characterised by prudence and discretion, and had been chosen procurator for the clergy cautiously. Richard gave him one hundred marks, 5th July 1397. (Rot. Pat. 20 Ric. II. p. 1.) Henry allowed him to retain an annuity of 201. a-year which King Richard had given him, the 29th Sept., the 21st of his reign. (Rot. Claus. Mar. 28, 1 Hen. IV.)
Note 3. 'I know of no other town burnt but Cirencester, which the lords who rose in Richard's behalf set fire to; but that event happened in Jan, 1400. It is to be feared that the chronicler wrote this speech after his return to Paris in 1400. In other respects, the speech agrees in the main with the Rolls of Parliament.
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Around 1401. Jean Creton Chronicler. The Capture and Death of King Richard. King Richard II of England delivered to the citizens of London.
Richard II Act 3 Scene 3. Synopsis: Bolingbroke, approaching Flint Castle [Map], learns that Richard is within. In answer to Bolingbroke's trumpets, Richard and Aumerle appear on the battlements. Northumberland presents Bolingbroke's demand that Richard yield Bolingbroke's "lineal royalties" and lift the sentence of banishment. Richard agrees. Northumberland returns and asks that Richard descend to Bolingbroke, who awaits him in the outer court. The cousins meet and Richard expresses willingness to yield to Bolingbroke and accompany him to London.