Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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Executions is in Death.
On 19th May 1536 Queen Anne Boleyn of England [aged 35] was beheaded at Tower Green, Tower of London [Map]. Unusually a sword was used. Her execution was witnessed by Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 52], Catherine Carey [aged 12] and Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Richmond and Somerset [aged 16]. Marquess Pembroke extinct.
She was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London [Map]. There is myth that her corpse was subsequently removed for burial at the Boleyn family church Church of St Peter and St Paul, Salle [Map] as described in Agnes Strickland's 1852 Lives of the Queens of England Volume 4. Page 212.
On 9th December 1538 at Tower Hill [Map]:
Edward Neville [aged 67] was beheaded
Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess Exeter [aged 42] was beheaded with a sword. Marquess Exeter, Earl Devon, Earl Devon, Baron Okehampton forfeit as a consequence of his attainder.
Henry Pole 1st Baron Montagu [aged 46] was beheaded
On 25th March 1586 Margaret Clitherow née Middleton [aged 30] was crushed to death near the Toll Booth on Ouse Bridge, York for refusing to enter a plea to the charge of harbouring Catholic priests.
In 534 Muirchertach mac Muiredaig High King of Ireland was drowned in a butt of wine. The Annals of Ulster report ... The drowning of Muirchertach mac Muiredaig High King of Ireland in a vat full of wine on the hilltop of Cleitech above Bóinn ie at Newgrange Passage Tomb [Map].
On 18th February 1478 George York 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 28] was drowned in a butt of wine (Malmsey) wine in the Bowyer Tower in the Tower of London [Map]. "in a butt of Malmsey wine" may refer to 1. a butt full of Malmsey wine or 2. a butt that once contained Malmsey wine that was subsequently re-used for another purpose such as washing or bathing.
William Hussey [aged 35] conducted the impeachment of the Duke of Clarence for treason.
Richard, Duke of Gloucester [aged 25] succeeded 2nd Earl Richmond.
The only other person known to have been executed, or ritually killed, by drowning in a butt of wine is Muirchertach mac Muiredaig High King of Ireland (as reported by the Annals of Ulster) in his case at Newgrange Passage Tomb [Map].
On 21st January 1793 Louis XVI King France [aged 38] was guillotined in Paris [Map]. His son Louis [aged 7] de jure XVII King France: Capet Valois Bourbon.
On 16th October 1793 at 12:15 Queen Marie Antoinette of France [aged 37] was guillotined at the Place de la Révolution. Her last words were "Pardonnez-moi, monsieur. Je ne l'ai pas fait exprès" or "Pardon me, sir, I did not do it on purpose" after she accidentally stepped on the executioners shoe.
On 8th December 1793 Jeanne Bécu Comtesse du Barry [aged 50] was guillotined on the Place de la Révolution. On the way to the guillotine, she collapsed in the tumbrel and cried, "You are going to hurt me! Why?!" Terrified, she screamed for mercy and begged the watching crowd for help. Her last words to the executioner are said to have been: «De grâce, monsieur le bourreau, encore un petit moment!» – "One more moment, Mr. Executioner, I beg you!" She was buried in the Madeleine Cemetery
On 13th April 1794 Arthur Dillon [aged 43] was guillotined. Two weeks before Dillon was called to Paris for questioning and was ultimately arrested on 1 July 1793 despite being stoutly defended by his aide-de-camp François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers. He was condemned for alleged participation in a prison conspiracy.
The armies of the first French Republic and the rise of the marshals of Napoleon I by Phipps, Ramsay Weston, 1838-1923: "Dillon, a Royalist at heart, had better have emigrated, as once at least he wished to do. Arrested on the 1st July 1793, he was included amongst the victims of the alleged 'conspiration des prisons' and was guillotined on the 13th April 1794, shouting vigorously, 'Vive le roi', as he mounted the scaffold."
On 12th July 1537 Robert Aske [aged 37] was hanged in chains at Clifford's Tower. The date may have been Friday 06 Jul as implied by the letters of the Duke of Norfolk?
George aka William Lumley and Nicholas Tempest [aged 57] were hanged at Tyburn [Map].
Before 10th May 1470 John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 43] sat in judgement on the Earl of Warwick's [aged 41] men who had attempted to steal the ship Trinity for the Earl of Warwick. In addition to the usual punishment of hanging, drawing and quartering Tiptoft also subjected the men's corpses to being impaled, perhaps unique in English punishments, but usual for pirates in Europe. His actions were described as cruel and unmerited by the common people and resulted in Tiptoft being known as 'Butcher'.
Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. [10th May 1470] And whenne the Duke of Clarence and the Earl of Warwike herde the felde was loste, and how there cownselle was dyscoverede, they fledde westwarde to the see syde, and toke there here schippys, and sayled towarde Southamptone, and e[n]tendet there to have a grete schyppe of the seide Earl of Warwicks [aged 41], callyde the Trinite; but the Lorde Scales, the Quenes brother, was sent thedere by the Kynges commawndement, and other withe hym, and faught with the seide Duke and Earl, and toke there dyverse schyppes of theres and many of ther men therein; so that the Duke and the Earl were fayne to flee to the Kynge of Fraunce, where they were worschipfully receyved. And after this the Kynge Edwarde came to Southamptone, and commawndede the Earl of Worcetere [aged 43] to sitt and juge suche menne as were taken in the schyppes, and so xx. persones of gentylmen and yomenne were hangede, drawne, and quartered, and hedede; and after that they hanged uppe by the leggys, and a stake made scharpe at bothe endes, whereof one ende was putt in att bottokys, and the other ende ther heddes were putt uppe one; for the whiche the peple of the londe were gretely displesyd; and evere afterwarde the Earl of Worcestre was gretely behatede emonge the peple, for ther dysordinate dethe that he used, contrarye to the lawe of the londe.
On 12th October 1915 Edith Cavell Nurse [aged 49] was shot by firing squad for having helped two-hundred allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during the First World War.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In 34 Saint Stephen [aged 29] was stoned to death.
On 26th July 1518 John Cotell was strangled by his wife Alice aka Agnes Cotell [aged 33] at Farleigh Hungreford Castle [Map] with the aid of William Mathewe and William Inges, yeomen of Heytesbury, Wiltshire [Map]. He, John, was steward to Edward Hungerford who she subsequently married.
Around 6th October 1536 William Tyndale [aged 42] was strangled to death after which his body was burned at the stake.
On 21st March 1706 Mary Brookes aka Channing [aged 18] was strangled then burned at the stake at Maumbury Rings [Map].