Italian Lords Temporal is in Italy.
John Capet Duke Durazzo was appointed Count Gravina.
Count Roberto Orsini was appointed Count of Nola.
Count Nicholas Orsini was appointed Count of Nola.
On 18th December 1565 Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany [aged 24] and Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Grand Duchess Tuscany. She the daughter of Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor and Anne Jagiellon.
On 21st April 1574 Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany [aged 54] died. His son Francesco [aged 33] succeeded I Grand Duke Tuscany.
Before 940 Boso Unknown Margrave Tuscany was appointed Margrave Tuscany.
On 22nd September 1433 Gianfrancesco I Marquess of Mantua [aged 38] was created 1 Marquess Mantua.
On 23rd September 1444 Gianfrancesco I Marquess of Mantua [aged 49] died. His son Ludovico [aged 32] succeeded III Marquess Mantua.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 12th June 1478 Ludovico III Marquis of Mantua [aged 66] died. His son Frederico [aged 36] succeeded I Marquess Mantua.
On 14th July 1484 Frederico Gonzaga Marquess Mantua [aged 43] died. His son Francesco [aged 17] succeeded II Marquess Mantua.
On 29th March 1519 Francesco Gonzaga II Marquess of Mantua [aged 52] died. Federico Gonzaga II Duke Mantua [aged 18] succeeded II Marquess Mantua.
In 1244 Manfred III Marquess Saluzzo died. His son Thomas [aged 5] succeeded 4th Marquess Saluzzo.
In 1296 Thomas I Marquess Saluzzo [aged 57] died. His son Manfred succeeded IV Marquess Saluzzo.