Paternal Family Tree: Norman
Maternal Family Tree: Sybil of Lansgtone Manor 1462-1502
In December 1629 [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 19) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 14) were married. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond and [her grandmother] Elizabeth Butler. They were second cousin once removed.
In 1646 Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire was born to [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 35) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 30).
In 1649 [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 38) was appointed 444th Knight of the Garter by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 18).
After 1654 [her brother-in-law] Philip Stanhope 2nd Earl Chesterfield (age 20) and [her sister] Elizabeth Butler Countess Chesterfield (age 13) were married. She by marriage Countess Chesterfield. She the daughter of [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 43) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 38). He the son of Henry Stanhope and Katherine Wotton Countess Chesterfield (age 45).
On 14th November 1659 [her brother] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory (age 25) and [her sister-in-law] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory (age 24) were married at Den Bosch. He the son of [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 49) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 44).
In 1662 [her brother] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory (age 27) by writ of acceleration6th Earl Ossory. [her sister-in-law] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory (age 26) by marriage Countess Ossory.
In May 1662 [her brother] Richard Butler 1st Earl Arran (age 22) was created 1st Earl Arran.
On 26th October 1662 William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 22) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 16) were married. She the daughter of James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 52) and Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 47). He the son of William Cavendish 3rd Earl Devonshire (age 45) and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Devonshire (age 43). They were fifth cousins.
In September 1664 [her brother] Richard Butler 1st Earl Arran (age 25) and [her sister-in-law] Mary Stewart Countess Arran (age 13) were married. She by marriage Countess Arran. She the daughter of James Stewart 4th Duke Lennox 1st Duke Richmond and Mary Villiers Duchess Lennox Duchess Richmond (age 42). He the son of [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 53) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 49). They were half fifth cousin once removed.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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In July 1665 [her sister] Elizabeth Butler Countess Chesterfield (age 25) died.
In 1670 [her daughter] Elizabeth Cavendish Lady Wentworth was born to [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 29) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 24). She married before 1710 John Wentworth 1st Baronet and had issue.
On 2nd May 1670 John Cecil 5th Earl Exeter (age 22) and [her sister-in-law] Anne Cavendish Countess Exeter (age 21) were married. She the daughter of [her father-in-law] William Cavendish 3rd Earl Devonshire (age 52) and [her mother-in-law] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Devonshire (age 51). He the son of John Cecil 4th Earl Exeter (age 42) and Frances Manners Countess Exeter. They were half third cousin once removed.
In 1672 [her brother] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory (age 37) was appointed 477th Knight of the Garter by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 41).
Around 1672 [her son] William Cavendish 2nd Duke Devonshire was born to [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 31) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 26). He married 21st June 1688 his third cousin Rachel Russell Duchess Devonshire and had issue.
In 1673 [her son] Henry Cavendish was born to [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 32) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 27) at Nice, France. He married 3rd August 1696 his third cousin once removed Rhoda Cartright and had issue.
Before 19th February 1674 [her brother] Richard Butler 1st Earl Arran (age 34) and [her sister-in-law] Dorothy Ferrers Countess Arran (age 19) were married. She by marriage Countess Arran. He the son of [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 63) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 58).
In January 1675 [her brother] John Butler 1st Earl Gowran (age 32) and [her sister-in-law] Anne Chichester Countess Gowran and Longford were married. She the daughter of Arthur Chichester 1st Earl Donegal (age 68) and Letitia Hicks Countess Donegal (age 48). He the son of [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 64) and [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 59).
On 13th April 1676 [her brother] John Butler 1st Earl Gowran (age 33) was created 1st Earl Gowran, 1st Viscount Clonmore, 1st Baron Aghrim. [her sister-in-law] Anne Chichester Countess Gowran and Longford by marriage Countess Gowran.
In 1677 [her brother] John Butler 1st Earl Gowran (age 34) died at Paris [Map].
In February 1678 John Cecil 4th Earl Exeter (age 50) died. His son John (age 30) succeeded 5th Earl Exeter, 6th Baron Burghley. [her sister-in-law] Anne Cavendish Countess Exeter (age 29) by marriage Countess Exeter.
On 30th July 1680 [her brother] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory (age 46) died. He was buried in the Duke of Ormonde Vault, King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey the next day.
On 9th November 1682 [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 72) was created 1st Duke Ormonde by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 52). [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 67) by marriage Duchess Ormonde.
On 21st July 1684 [her mother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 68) died. On 24th July 1684 she was buried in the Duke of Ormonde Vault, King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 23rd November 1684 [her father-in-law] William Cavendish 3rd Earl Devonshire (age 67) died at his house in Roehampton, Surrey. He was buried in the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son [her husband] William (age 44) succeeded 4th Earl Devonshire, 4th Baron Cavendish Hardwick. Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 38) by marriage Countess Devonshire.
On 25th January 1685 [her brother] Richard Butler 1st Earl Arran (age 45) died.
John Evelyn's Diary. 23rd January 1686. I din'd at my Lady Arlington's (age 52), groome of the stole to the Queene Dowager (age 47), at Somerset House [Map], where din'd the Countesses of Devonshire (age 40), Dover (age 76), &c. in all 11 ladys of quality, no man but myselfe being there.
On 21st June 1688 [her son] William Cavendish 2nd Duke Devonshire (age 16) and [her daughter-in-law] Rachel Russell Duchess Devonshire (age 14) were married. He the son of [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 48) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 42). They were third cousins.
On 21st July 1688 [her father] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 77) died. His grandson [her nephew] James (age 23) de jure 2nd Duke Ormonde, 2nd Marquess Ormonde, 13th Earl Ormonde, 6th Earl Ossory. Mary Somerset Duchess Ormonde (age 24) by marriage Duchess Ormonde.
In 1689 [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 48) was appointed 498th Knight of the Garter by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26).
In 1694 [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 53) was created 1st Duke Devonshire by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 43) in recognition of William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire 1640-1707's support of the Glorious Revolution he having been one of the signatories of the Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven. Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 48) by marriage Duchess Devonshire.
On 3rd August 1696 [her son] Henry Cavendish (age 23) and [her daughter-in-law] Rhoda Cartright were married. He the son of [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 56) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 50). They were third cousin once removed.
On 10th May 1700 [her son] Henry Cavendish (age 27) died.
In 1704 [her sister-in-law] Anne Cavendish Countess Exeter (age 55) died.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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In or before 1706 [her son] James Cavendish was born to [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 65) and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 59). He married before 14th December 1751 Anne Yale.
On 18th August 1707 [her husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 67) died. His son [her son] William (age 35) succeeded 2nd Duke Devonshire, 5th Earl Devonshire, 5th Baron Cavendish Hardwick. [her daughter-in-law] Rachel Russell Duchess Devonshire (age 33) by marriage Duchess Devonshire.
Before 1710 [her son-in-law] John Wentworth 1st Baronet (age 36) and [her daughter] Elizabeth Cavendish Lady Wentworth (age 39) were married. She by marriage Lady Wentworth of North Emstal. She the daughter of [her former husband] William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire and Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 63).
In 1710 Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire (age 64) died. She was buried in the Duke of Ormonde Vault, King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey with her parents.
Kings Wessex: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory 
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward Butler 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Walter Butler 11th Earl Ormonde 4th Earl Ossory 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ulrick Burke 3rd Earl Clanricarde
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Burke 4th Earl Clanricarde 1st Earl St Albans
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Burke 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Walsingham 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Walsingham Countess Essex 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ursula St Barbe
GrandFather: Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edmund Butler 2nd Viscount Mountgarret 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald Butler 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Butler Viscountess Mountgarret 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Helen Butler Countess Ormonde and Ossory 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Barnaby Fitzpatrick 1st Baron Ossory
Great x 2 Grandmother: Grizzel Fitzpatrick Viscountess Mountgarret
Father: James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Anthony Poyntz 
8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Nicholas Poyntz 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Huddersfield 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Nicholas Poyntz of Iron Acton 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Berkeley 5th Baron Berkeley 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Berkeley 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Constable Baroness Berkeley 
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Poyntz 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Verney 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ralph Verney
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Weston 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Verney 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund Braye 1st Baron Braye 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Braye 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Jane Halwell Baroness Bray 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
GrandMother: Elizabeth Poyntz 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Sydenham 8 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Sydenham III 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Alexander Syndeham 10 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sydenham 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Mary Butler Duchess Devonshire 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Preston of Whitehill in Midlothian 
GrandFather: Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond
Mother: Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Butler 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sabh Macmurrough Kavanagh
Great x 2 Grandfather: James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gerald Fitzgerald 8th Earl of Kildare
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Fitzeustace Countess Kildare
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas "Black Tom" Butler 10th Earl Ormonde 3rd Earl Ossory 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Maurice Fitzgerald 9th Earl Desmond 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ellen Roche Countess Desmond 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandMother: Elizabeth Butler 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Sheffield 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Sheffield 1st Baron Sheffield 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Jane Stanley 
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Sheffield 2nd Baron Sheffield 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Vere Baroness Sheffield 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Trussell Countess of Oxford 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sheffield Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Howard 1st Baron Howard 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Tilney Duchess Norfolk 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Douglas Howard Baroness Sheffield 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Gamage
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Gamage Baroness Howard 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret St John 
9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England