The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife 1849-1912

Paternal Family Tree: Duff

Maternal Family Tree: Dorothea Bland aka "Mrs Jordan" 1761-1816

On 16th March 1846 [his father] James Duff 5th Earl Fife [aged 31] and [his mother] Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Countess Fife. She the daughter of [his grandfather] William Hay 18th Earl Erroll [aged 45] and [his grandmother] Elizabeth Fitz-Clarence Countess Erroll [aged 45].

On 10th November 1849 Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife was born to [his father] James Duff 5th Earl Fife [aged 35] and [his mother] Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife [aged 20]. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 9th March 1857 James Duff 4th Earl Fife [aged 80] died. His nephew [his father] James [aged 42] succeeded 5th Earl Fife.

On 17th October 1865 [his brother-in-law] John Villiers Stuart Townshend 5th Marquess Townshend [aged 34] and [his sister] Anne Elizabeth Clementina Duff Marchioness Townshend [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Marchioness Townshend. She the daughter of [his father] James Duff 5th Earl Fife [aged 51] and [his mother] Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife [aged 36]. He the son of John Townshend 4th Marquess Townshend and Elizabeth Jane Stuart [aged 62].

On 18th December 1869 [his mother] Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife [aged 40] died.

On 7th August 1879 [his father] James Duff 5th Earl Fife [aged 65] died. His son Alexander [aged 29] succeeded 6th Earl Fife.

In 1889 Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 39] was created 1st Duke Fife. [his future wife] Louise Windsor Duchess Fife [aged 21] by marriage Duchess Fife.

On 27th July 1889 Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 39] and Louise Windsor Duchess Fife [aged 22] were married. She the daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [aged 47] and Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England [aged 44]. He the son of James Duff 5th Earl Fife and Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife. They were half third cousins. He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

In 1890 [his son] Alastair Duff was born to Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 40] and [his wife] Louise Windsor Duchess Fife [aged 22]. He a grandson of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.

Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'

This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.

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On 17th May 1891 [his daughter] Princess Alexandra Duff Duchess Fife was born to Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 41] and [his wife] Louise Windsor Duchess Fife [aged 24]. She a granddaughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. She married 15th October 1913 her first cousin once removed Prince Arthur of Connaught, son of Prince Arthur Windsor 1st Duke Connaught and Strathearn and Luise Margarete Hohenzollern Duchess Connaught, and had issue.

On 3rd April 1893 [his daughter] Princess Maud Duff Countess Southesk was born to Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 43] and [his wife] Louise Windsor Duchess Fife [aged 26]. She a granddaughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. She married 12th November 1923 Charles Alexander Carnegie 11th Earl of Southesk, son of Charles Noel Carnegie 10th Earl of Southesk and Ethel Mary Elizabeth Bannerman Countess Southesk, and had issue.

In 1896 Haakon VII King Norway [aged 23] and [his sister-in-law] Maud Windsor Queen Consort Norway [aged 26] were married. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [aged 54] and [his mother-in-law] Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England [aged 51]. He the son of Frederick VIII King of Denmark [aged 52] and Louise of Sweden Queen Consort Denmark [aged 44]. They were first cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

In 1905 the union of Sweden and Norway was dissoved. Haakon VII King Norway [aged 32] succeeded VII King Norway. [his sister-in-law] Maud Windsor Queen Consort Norway [aged 35] by marriage Queen Consort Norway.

The Times. 2nd February 1905.

Her Royal Highness. [his wife] Princess Louise (Duchess of Fife) [aged 37] and the Duke of Fife [aged 55], were invited to luncheon vith Their Majesties The [his father-in-law] King [aged 63] and [his mother-in-law] Queen [aged 60] to-day.

His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Denmark [aged 32] left the Palace to-day to rejoin tho Danish Cruiser "Heindal," at Southampton, on his return to Denmark.

Mr. Victor Cavendish, M.P, Financial Scretary to the Treasury, Mr. F. P. Horner, Cormnissionor of Woods and Forests, and Lieut. Colonel R. F. Maunsell, R.A., Military Attache at Constantinople, had the honour-of being received by The King.

On 6th May 1910 [his father-in-law] King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [aged 68] died. His son [his brother-in-law] George [aged 44] succeeded V King of the United Kingdom. Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England [aged 42] by marriage Queen Consort England.

On 19th June 1911 Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 61] was appointed 838th Knight of the Garter by [his father-in-law] King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.

Coronation of George V

On 22nd June 1911 [his brother-in-law] King George V of the United Kingdom [aged 46] was crowned V King of the United Kingdom. Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England [aged 44] was crowned Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland.

Dorothy Margaret Browne [aged 23] bore Queen Mary's train.

Edward Knollys 2nd Viscount Knollys [aged 16] carried the King's train

On 29th January 1912 Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife [aged 62] died. His daughter Princess [aged 20] succeeded 2nd Duchess Fife.

On 4th January 1931 [his former wife] Louise Windsor Duchess Fife [aged 63] died.

Royal Ancestors of Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife 1849-1912

Kings Wessex: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 20 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 26 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 21 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 24 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great Grand Son of King William IV of the United Kingdom

Kings Scotland: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 31 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 15 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 28 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife 1849-1912

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Duff 1st Earl Fife

Great x 1 Grandfather: Alexander Duff 3rd Earl Fife

GrandFather: Alexander Duff

Father: James Duff 5th Earl Fife

Alexander Duff 1st Duke Fife Great Grand Son of King William IV of the United Kingdom

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Boyd 3rd Earl Kilmarnock

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Boyd 4th Earl Kilmarnock

Great x 2 Grandfather: James Hay 15th Earl Erroll 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Livingston 5th Earl Linlithgow 4th Earl Callendar 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Livingston Countess Kilmarnock 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Hay Countess Linlithgow 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: William Hay 17th Earl Erroll 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Carr

Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Carr Countess Erroll

GrandFather: William Hay 18th Earl Erroll 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Samuel Eliot

Great x 1 Grandmother: Alicia Eliot Countess Erroll

Mother: Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay Countess Fife Grand Daughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom

Great x 4 Grandfather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: King George III of Great Britain and Ireland Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Saxe Coburg Altenburg II Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Magdalena Augusta Anhalt-Zerbst Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg

Great x 1 Grandfather: King William IV of the United Kingdom Son of King George III of Great Britain and Ireland

GrandMother: Elizabeth Fitz-Clarence Countess Erroll Daughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom

Great x 1 Grandmother: Dorothea Bland aka "Mrs Jordan"