The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Stewart
Maternal Family Tree: Margaret Cecilia Munter Countess Cadogan
On 4th December 1719 Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond [age 18] and Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond [age 14] were married at The Hague. He was, apparently, forced into the marriage to pay off his, or his father's debts since she brought a considerable dowry. She the daughter of William Cadogan 1st Earl Cadogan [age 47] and Margaret Cecilia Munter Countess Cadogan. He the son of Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [age 47] and Anne Brudenell Duchess Richmond [age 48].
On 6th October 1731 Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster was born to [her father] Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond [age 30] and [her mother] Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond [age 26]. She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 20th February 1743 Robert Fitzgerald 19th Earl of Kildare [age 67] died. His son [her future husband] James [age 21] succeeded 20th Earl Kildare.
In 1744 [her brother-in-law] Henry Fox 1st Baron Holland [age 38] and [her sister] Caroline Lennox 1st Baroness Holland [age 20] were married. She the daughter of [her father] Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond [age 42] and [her mother] Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond [age 38].
On 7th February 1747 James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 25] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 15] were married. She the daughter of Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond [age 45] and Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond [age 41]. He the son of Robert Fitzgerald 19th Earl of Kildare and Mary O'Brien Countess Kildare. They were half fourth cousin once removed. She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 15th January 1748 [her son] George Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 26] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 16]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 12th March 1749 or 13th March 1749 [her son] William Robert Fitzgerald 2nd Duke Leinster was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 27] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 17] at Arlington Place. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 4th November 1775 his sixth cousin Emilia St George Duchess Leinster, daughter of St George Ussher aka St George 1st Baron Saint George, and had issue.
In 1750 [her daughter] Caroline Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 28] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 18]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged four in 1754.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 8th August 1750 [her father] Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond [age 49] died. His son [her brother] Charles [age 15] succeeded 3rd Duke Richmond, 3rd Earl March, 3rd Baron Settrington.
On 15th March 1751 [her daughter] Emily Mary Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 29] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 19]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 25th August 1751 [her mother] Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond [age 45] died.
In 1753 [her daughter] Henrietta Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 31] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 21]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged ten in 1763.
In 1754 [her daughter] Caroline Fitzgerald [age 4] died.
In 1755 [her daughter] Caroline Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 33] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 23]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged less than one years old.
In 1755 [her daughter] Caroline Fitzgerald died.
On 30th June 1756 [her son] Charles Fitzgerald 1st Baron Lecale was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 34] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 24]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 1st April 1757 [her brother] Charles Lennox 3rd Duke Richmond [age 22] and [her sister-in-law] Mary Bruce Duchess Richmond were married. She by marriage Duchess Richmond. She the daughter of Charles Bruce 4th Earl Elgin 3rd Earl Ailesbury and Caroline Campbell Countess Elgin and Ailesbury [age 36]. He the son of [her father] Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond and [her mother] Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond. They were half sixth cousins. He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 29th May 1758 [her daughter] Charlotte Fitzgerald 1st Baroness Rayleigh was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 36] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 26]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 21st February 1789 Joseph Strutt and had issue.
In 1760 [her daughter] Louisa Bridget Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 38] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 28]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged five in 1765.
On 30th July 1761 [her son] Henry Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 39] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 29]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married his third cousin once removed Charlotte Boyle 20th Baroness Ros of Helmsley and had issue.
In 1762 [her daughter] Sophia Sarah Mary Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 40] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 30]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Around 1762. Allan Ramsay [age 48]. Portrait of Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 30].
In 1763 [her daughter] Henrietta Fitzgerald [age 10] died.
On 15th October 1763 [her son] Edward Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 41] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 32]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1765 [her daughter] Louisa Bridget Fitzgerald [age 5] died.
In 1765 [her son] Robert Stephen Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 43] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 33]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 26th September 1765 [her son] George Fitzgerald [age 17] died.
In 1766 [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 44] was created 1st Duke Leinster. Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 34] by marriage Duchess Leinster.
In January 1766 [her son] Gerald Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 44] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 34]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1767 [her son] Augustus Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 45] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 35]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He died aged four in 1771.
In 1770 [her daughter] Fanny Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 48] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 38]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged five in 1775.
In 1771 [her son] Augustus Fitzgerald [age 4] died.
In 1771 [her daughter] Lucy Anne Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 49] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 39]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1772 [her daughter] Louisa Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 50] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 40]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged four in 1776.
On 16th April 1773 [her son] George Simon Son Fitzgerald was born to [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 51] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 41]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He died aged nine in 1783.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 19th November 1773 [her husband] James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster [age 51] died. His son William [age 24] succeeded 2nd Duke Leinster.
In 1774 William Ogilvie [age 34] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 42] were married. She the daughter of Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond and Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond.
On 24th July 1774 [her sister] Caroline Lennox 1st Baroness Holland [age 51] died. Her son [her nephew] Stephen [age 29] succeeded 2nd Baron Holland in Lincolnshire.
In 1775 [her daughter] Fanny Fitzgerald [age 5] died.
On 4th November 1775 or 7th November 1775 William Robert Fitzgerald 2nd Duke Leinster [age 26] and Emilia St George Duchess Leinster were married. She by marriage Duchess Leinster. He the son of James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 44]. They were sixth cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1776 [her daughter] Louisa Fitzgerald [age 4] died.
In 1783 [her son] George Simon Son Fitzgerald [age 9] died.
In 1788 [her son] Gerald Fitzgerald [age 21] drowned.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 21 or 23rd February 1789 [her son-in-law] Joseph Strutt [age 30] and Charlotte Fitzgerald 1st Baroness Rayleigh [age 30] were married. She the daughter of James Fitzgerald 1st Duke Leinster and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 57].
On 4th June 1798 [her son] Edward Fitzgerald [age 34] died whilst imprisoned at Newgate Prison. He was buried the next day at St Werburgh's Church Dublin.
On 29th April 1799 [her son-in-law] Charles George Beauclerk [age 25] and Emily Charlotte Ogilvie were married. She the daughter of William Ogilvie [age 59] and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 67]. They were half third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 20th October 1804 William Robert Fitzgerald 2nd Duke Leinster [age 55] died at Carton House, Carton, Kildare, County Kildare. His son Augustus [age 13] succeeded 3rd Duke Leinster.
On 29th December 1806 [her brother] Charles Lennox 3rd Duke Richmond [age 71] died at Goodwood West Sussex. He was buried at Chichester Cathedral [Map]. His nephew Charles [age 42] succeeded 4th Duke Richmond, 4th Earl March, 4th Baron Settrington. Charlotte Gordon Duchess Richmond [age 38] by marriage Duchess Richmond.
On 30th June 1810 [her son] Charles Fitzgerald 1st Baron Lecale [age 54] died at Ardglass Castle, Ardglass, County Down.
On 27th March 1814 Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster [age 82] died.
In 1832 [her former husband] William Ogilvie [age 92] died.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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[her daughter] Emily Charlotte Ogilvie was born to William Ogilvie and Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 29th April 1799 her half third cousin Charles George Beauclerk, son of Topham Beauclerk and Diana Spencer Viscountess St John and Bolingbroke, and had issue.
Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great Grand Daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 26 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 3 Grand Daughter of Henry IV King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart 
Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots 
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland 
Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark 
11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland Son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry IV King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandfather: Guillaume de Penancoët Seigneur de Kéroualle
Great x 1 Grandmother: Louise Kéroualle 1st Duchess Portsmouth
Great x 3 Grandfather: Sébastien de Plœuc Marquis du Timeur et de Kergolay
Great x 2 Grandmother: Marie de Plœuc
Father: Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Brudenell of Doddington in Huntingdonshire 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Brudenell 1st Earl Cardigan
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Brudenell 2nd Earl Cardigan 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Tresham 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Tresham Countess Cardigan 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Muriel Throckmorton 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Francis Brudenell 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Savage 1st Baronet 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Savage 1st Viscount Savage 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anna Savage Countess Cardigan 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Darcy 1st Earl Rivers 
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Kitson Countess Rivers 
11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandMother: Anne Brudenell Duchess Richmond 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Savile 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Savile 1st Baron Savile 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Hussey 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Savile 1st Earl of Sussex 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Carey 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Carey Baroness Savile 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Knyvet Baroness Geneville Beaudasert 
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Frances Savile 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Villiers of Brokesby 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Christopher Villiers 1st Earl Anglesey 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Beaumont 1st Countess Buckingham 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Villiers Countess Sussex 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Sheldon of Howley in Leicestershire
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sheldon Countess Anglesey
Emilia Mary Lennox Duchess Leinster Great Grand Daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Cadogan 
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Cadogan
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Cadogan
GrandFather: William Cadogan 1st Earl Cadogan
Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Waller of Groombridge
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Waller
Great x 2 Grandfather: Hardress Waller
Great x 1 Grandmother: Bridget Waller
Mother: Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond
GrandMother: Margaret Cecilia Munter Countess Cadogan