Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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Biography of Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax 1838-1919

Paternal Family Tree: Courtenay

Maternal Family Tree: Audrey Saunders 1551-1588

In 1830 [her father] William Courtenay 11th Earl Devon [aged 22] and [her mother] Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon [aged 28] were married. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Hugh Fortescue 1st Earl Fortescue [aged 76] and [her grandmother] Hester Granville Countess Fortescue [aged 64]. He the son of William Courtenay 10th Earl Devon [aged 52] and Henrietta Leslie Pepys Countess Devon [aged 52]. They were sixth cousins.

On 1st May 1838 Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax was born to William Courtenay 11th Earl Devon [aged 31] and Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon [aged 36].

On 19th March 1859 [her grandfather] William Courtenay 10th Earl Devon [aged 81] died. His son [her father] William [aged 51] succeeded 11th Earl Devon. [her mother] Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon [aged 57] by marriage Countess Devon.

On 27th January 1867 [her mother] Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon [aged 65] died.

On 22nd April 1869 Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 30] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 30] were married. She the daughter of William Courtenay 11th Earl Devon [aged 62] and Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon.

On 7th July 1870 [her son] Charles Reginald Lindley Wood was born to [her husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 31] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 32].

On 25th August 1871 [her daughter] Alexandra Mary Elizabeth Wood was born to [her husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 32] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 33].

On 21st September 1873 [her son] Francis Hugh Lindley Wood was born to [her husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 34] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 35].

On 25th March 1877 [her daughter] Mary Agnes Emily Wood Baroness Bingley was born to [her husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 38] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 38]. She married 17th March 1905 George Lane-Fox 1st Baron Bingley and had issue.

On 25th January 1879 [her son] Henry Paul Lindley Wood was born to [her husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 40] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 40]. He died aged seven in 1886.

On 16th April 1881 [her son] Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 1st Earl Halifax was born to [her husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 42] and Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 42]. He married 21st September 1909 Dorothy Evelyn Augusta Onslow Countess Halifax, daughter of William Onslow 4th Earl Onslow and Florence Coulston Gardner Countess Onslow, and had issue.

Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

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On 8th August 1885 [her father-in-law] Charles Wood 1st Viscount Halifax [aged 84] died. His son [her husband] Charles [aged 46] succeeded 2nd Viscount Halifax, 4th Baronet Wood of Barnsley in Yorkshire. Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 47] by marriage Viscountess Halifax.

On 6th June 1886 [her son] Henry Paul Lindley Wood [aged 7] died.

On 18th November 1888 [her father] William Courtenay 11th Earl Devon [aged 81] died at Powderham Castle [Map]. His son [her brother] Edward [aged 52] succeeded 12th Earl Devon.

On 17th March 1889 [her son] Francis Hugh Lindley Wood [aged 15] died.

On 6th September 1890 [her son] Charles Reginald Lindley Wood [aged 20] died.

On 15th January 1891 [her brother] Edward Baldwin Courtenay 12th Earl Devon [aged 54] died. His uncle Henry [aged 80] succeeded 13th Earl Devon.

On 17th March 1905 [her son-in-law] George Lane-Fox 1st Baron Bingley [aged 34] and [her daughter] Mary Agnes Emily Wood Baroness Bingley [aged 27] were married.

On 21st September 1909 [her son] Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 1st Earl Halifax [aged 28] and [her daughter-in-law] Dorothy Evelyn Augusta Onslow Countess Halifax [aged 24] were married. She the daughter of William Onslow 4th Earl Onslow [aged 56] and Florence Coulston Gardner Countess Onslow [aged 56].

On 4th July 1919 Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax [aged 81] died.

1920. William Logsdail [aged 60]. Portrait of Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax.

On 19th January 1934 [her former husband] Charles Lindley Wood 2nd Viscount Halifax [aged 95] died. His son Edward [aged 52] succeeded 3rd Viscount Halifax, 5th Baronet Wood of Barnsley in Yorkshire. Dorothy Evelyn Augusta Onslow Countess Halifax [aged 49] by marriage Viscountess Halifax.

Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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The Times. 24th December 1959. From Our Correspondent STAMFORD BRIDGE [Map], Dec. 23. The [her son] Earl of Halifax [deceased] died to-night at his home at Garrowby, near York. He was 78 and had been suffering from a chest complaint. [her grandson-in-law] Lord [aged 53] and [her granddaughter] Baroness Feversham [aged 49], Lord [aged 47] and Lady Irwin [aged 43], Lady Clarissa Duncombe [aged 21], and Baroness Bingley were at Garrowby when he died. Baroness Feversham said he had suffered from poor breathing for some time and that had been aggravated by a chest infection. Last July Lord Halifax broke his hip when walking in his garden and was flown to London for an operation at University College Hospital. He made a remarkable recovery from the accident. In September he and Lady Halifax celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. The funeral will be in private. A memorial service and requiem will be held in York Minster [Map] next Monday at 11 a.m. The date of a service in London is to be announced later. Obituary on page 8. MR. SELWYN LLOYD'S TRIBUTE Mr. Selwyn Lloyd, Foreign Secretary, in a tribute to Lord Halifax last night, said: "He held high office, as Viceroy of India, Foreign Secretary, and finally as Ambassador to Washington. He adorned each of these offices with his integrity, his idealism, and his ability. He was a great public servant. He will be deeply mourned." WASHINGTON, Dec. 23. Mr. Douglas Dillon, the acting Secretary of State, to-night issued this statement: "The many Americans who knew Lord Halifax deeply regret his passing. He was ever a staunch friend of this country and during his years of public life contributed greatly to the strengthening of Anglo-American relations. He is particularly remembered for his dedicated service to the cause of humanity during the crucial war years as British Ambassador in Washington." Reuter.

Royal Ancestors of Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax 1838-1919

Kings Wessex: Great x 23 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 26 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Kings Scotland: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 29 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 27 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax 1838-1919

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Courtenay 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Courtenay 6th Earl Devon 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Boevey

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Reginald Courtenay 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Bertie 1st Earl of Abingdon 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Bertie Countess Devon 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Lee Countess Abingdon 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Bishop Reginald Courtenay 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Bathurst

Great x 3 Grandfather: Benjamin Bathurst

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Villiers

Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Bathurst 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Captain Allen Apsley 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Apsley 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Petre

GrandFather: William Courtenay 10th Earl Devon 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Howard 5th Baron Howard 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Francis Howard 1st Earl of Effingham 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Philadelphia Pelham Baroness Howard 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 2nd Earl of Effingham 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Howard 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter Beckford

Great x 3 Grandfather: Peter Beckford

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Beckford Countess Effingham

Father: William Courtenay 11th Earl Devon 14 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Pepys

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Pepys

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Pepys

Great x 1 Grandfather: Lucas Pepys 1st Baronet

GrandMother: Henrietta Leslie Pepys Countess Devon 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Hamilton 5th Earl Haddington 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Hamilton-Leslie 9th Earl of Rothes 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Leslie 8th Countess Rothes and Haddington 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Leslie 10th Earl Rothes 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Hay 2nd Marquess Tweeddale 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Jean Hay 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Maitland Marchioness Tweddale 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Jane Elizabeth Leslie 12th Countess of Rothes 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Matthew Cole of Thorpe in Norfolk

Great x 2 Grandmother: Hannah Cole Countess Rothes

Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay Viscountess Halifax 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hugh Fortescue 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Arthur Fortescue 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Rolle

Great x 2 Grandfather: Hugh Fortescue 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Matthew Fortescue 2nd Baron Fortescue 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Matthew Aylmer

Great x 2 Grandmother: Lucy Aylmer

GrandFather: Hugh Fortescue 1st Earl Fortescue 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hugh Campbell 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alexander Campbell 16th Thane of Cawdor 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Henrietta Stewart 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Campbell 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Lort 2nd Baronet 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Lort 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Susan Holles 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Campbell Baroness Fortescue 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Lewis Pryse of Gogirthen in Wales

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Pryse

Mother: Elizabeth Fortescue Countess Devon 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Granville

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Granville

Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard Granville

Great x 1 Grandfather: George Granville

GrandMother: Hester Granville Countess Fortescue 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Wyndham 1st Baronet 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Wyndham 2nd Baronet 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Hungerford 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Wyndham 3rd Baronet 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Leveson-Gower 4th Baronet 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Leveson-Gower Lady Wyndham 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jane Granville Baroness Gower

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Wyndham 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Seymour 2nd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Seymour 6th Duke of Somerset 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eizabeth Alington 2nd Baroness Seymour Trowbridge 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Seymour 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Josceline Percy 11th Earl of Northumberland 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Percy Duchess Somerset 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Wriothesley Countess Northumberland 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry IV of England