The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Wessex from the Air Plate 1 Wessex from the Air Plate 4 Wessex from the Air Plate 30 Wessex from the Air Plate 31 Wessex from the Air Plate 33a Wessex from the Air Plate 36 Wessex from the Air Plates 2 and 3 Wessex from the Air Plates 39 and 40

Wessex from the Air

Wessex from the Air is in Prehistory.

Wessex From The Air by O. G. S. Crawford [aged 41], F.S.A. And Alexander Keiller [aged 38] F.S.A., F.G.S. 1928.

Plate 1

Hod Hill [Map].

Plate 36

Avebury. Reference No. 117. Height above Sea-level. Between 500 and 530 ft. (152 and 161 metres). County. Wilts. 28 NW. and SW. (112: D. 5). Parish. Avebury. Geological Formation, Middle Chalk, Latitude. 51° 25' 40" N Longitude. 1° 51' 12" W. (cross-roads near centre of the Great Circle) Time and Date of Photograph. 9.7 a.m., 22nd June [1928]. Height of Aeroplane. 5,400 ft. (1,645 metres). Speed of Shutter. 1/180th of a second.

Plates 2 and 3

Hambledon Hill [Map]. By Eric Gardner, M.B. (Cantab.), F.S.A.