Tomb of the Eagles, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Southern Islands, Orkney Islands, Scotland, British Isles [Map]

Unstan Ware is finely decorated early Neolithic Pottery from the 4th Millenium BC and the 3rd Millenium BC; elegant shallow bowls with a groove-pattern around the rim, or undecorated round bottomed bowls. The name is from the Unstan Chambered Cairn [Map] where the pottery was first found in 1884. Unstan Ware is found in tombs: Midhowe Chambered Cairn [Map], Tomb of the Eagles [Map], Taversoe Tuick [Map] as well as farmsteads: Knap of Howar [Map].

Carbon Date. 2480BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, no. 104 from Stall 5, use of chamber at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2978, C14 ID: GU-1182 Date BP: 4480 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 4400, End BP: 4560

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2430BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as tibia, No, 101 from foundation deposit at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2979, C14 ID: GU-1179 Date BP: 4430 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4375, End BP: 4485

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2420BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as humerus, No. 102 from Stall 4 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2981, C14 ID: GU-1180 Date BP: 4420 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 4330, End BP: 4510

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2420BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No. 107 from tomb use SC3 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2980, C14 ID: GU-1185 Date BP: 4420 +/- 95, Start Date BP: 4325, End BP: 4515

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2410BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as humerus, No. 103 from ST 4 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2982, C14 ID: GU-1181 Date BP: 4410 +/- 130, Start Date BP: 4280, End BP: 4540

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2375BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No, 104 from ST 5 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2983, C14 ID: Q-3013 Date BP: 4375 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 4325, End BP: 4425

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2365BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No. 106 from SC 3 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2984, C14 ID: GU-1184 Date BP: 4365 +/- 90, Start Date BP: 4275, End BP: 4455

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2360BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No, 107 from SC 3 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2985, C14 ID: Q-3016 Date BP: 4360 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4305, End BP: 4415

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Carbon Date. 2285BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Animal bone, id as deer mandible, No. 109 from hornwork deposit at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2986, C14 ID: Q-3018 Date BP: 4285 +/- 45, Start Date BP: 4240, End BP: 4330

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2260BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No. 106 from SC 3 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2988, C14 ID: Q-3015 Date BP: 4260 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4205, End BP: 4315

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2260BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Animal bone, id as deer mandible, No 109 from hornwork of cairn at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2987, C14 ID: GU-1190 Date BP: 4260 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4205, End BP: 4315

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2245BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as tibia, No. 100 from foundation deposit at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2989, C14 ID: GU-1178 Date BP: 4245 +/- 100, Start Date BP: 4145, End BP: 4345

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2040BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as cranium, No. 108 from infilling at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2990, C14 ID: GU-1186 Date BP: 4040 +/- 100, Start Date BP: 3940, End BP: 4140

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 2030BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as cranium, No. 108 from infilling at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2991, C14 ID: Q-3017 Date BP: 4030 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3980, End BP: 4080

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1910BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No. 105 from ST 5 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2992, C14 ID: GU-1183 Date BP: 3910 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 3830, End BP: 3990

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1830BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as femur, No. 105 from ST 5 at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2993, C14 ID: Q-3014 Date BP: 3830 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 3780, End BP: 3880

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767

Carbon Date. 1250BC. Late Bronze Age Carbon Dates

Report: Human bone, id as humerus, No. 110 from megalithic cist inserted in hornwork backing at [Tomb of the Eagles [Map]] Isbister, S Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): six of the determinations were done in pairs, one in each of two different collaborating laboratories, giving good agreement.

ID: 2994, C14 ID: GU-1187 Date BP: 3250 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 3195, End BP: 3305

Abstract: Orkney-Cromarty stalled cairn

Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges

Reference Name: Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 115, 1983, 62

Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767