The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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John White was born to Robert White at Farnham, Surrey [Map]. He was educated at Winchester College, Winchester and New College, Oxford University.
In 1549 John White was appointed Treasurer of St Bartholomew's Hospital.
In 1554 John White was appointed Auditor for London.
In 1555 John White was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Grocers.
In 1555 John White was appointed Sheriff of London.
Before 1558 John White and Sybil White were married.
In 1558 John White and Catherine Soday [aged 28] were married.
In 1560 John White was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Grocers.
On 12th January 1560 Bishop John White [aged 50] died.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 27th February 1561. The xxvij day of Feybruary [his wife] mastores Whyt [aged 31] the wyff of master John Whyt altherman and grocer was chyrched, but the menyster wold nott, owt-sept she wold com at vj in the mornyng, and so her mastores fayne to take a menyster to do yt at her plase; and after a grett dener was ther, and mony worshephull lades and althermen wyffes and gentyll women and odur.
In 1563 John White was elected MP City of London.
In 1563 John White was elected Lord Mayor of London.
In 1563 John White was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland [aged 29].
In 1571 John White was elected MP City of London.
On 9th June 1573 John White died.
In 1576 [his former wife] Catherine Soday [aged 46] died.