Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows

Cursus Barrows is in Stonehenge Barrows, Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Cursus Barrows. A Neolithic and Bronze Age round barrow cemetery located mostly south of the western end of the Cursus (Monument Number 219546). The cemetery extends 1200m east / west along a ridge and measures 250m wide. It comprises the round barrows recorded as Winterbourne Stoke 28 to 30 and Amesbury 43 to 56, plus the Fargo hengiform. All of the barrows were examined by Colt Hoare in the early 19th century. The round barrows were surveyed by English Heritage in 2009 and 2010 as part of the Stonehenge WHS Landscape Project.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 41 G29 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 41 G29 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 41 [Map] produced an interment of burned bones.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 42 G28 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 42 G28 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 42 [Map]. Nearly opposite the last mentioned barrow, but on the south side of the turnpike road; is a neat circular tumulus, sixty-six feet in diameter, and six feet in elevation, which was opened in 1803, and produced within a circular cist, an interment of burned bones, and a brass pin with part of its handle, deposited in a neat and perfect urn; the latter of which is engraved in Tumuli Plate XVI.

Wiltshire Museum. DZSWS:STHEAD.228. 1 bronze awl with a square tang and fragments of a bone handle attached, found with a primary cremation (female?) inside an Enlarged food vessel urn in bowl barrow Winterbourne Stoke G28 [Map], excavated by William Cunnington.

Wiltshire Museum. DZSWS:STHEAD.264. 1 Enlarged Food Vessel with a band of chevrons around the neck, two bands around the outer rim, one band around the inner rim and bands of diagonal lines around the rim, waist and base, found with a primary cremation (female?) inside in bowl barrow Winterbourne Stoke G28 [Map], excavated by William Cunnington.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 43 G56 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 43 G56 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 43 [Map] and No. 44 [Map], These two barrows are included within the boundaries of the CURSUS, and very near the western end of it. In opening the first of these, our labourers discovered, at the depth of three feet, the skeleton of an adult, with a drinking cup, and on the floor of the barrow, another of a child. We afterwards, in a shallow cist, found the third skeleton of-a man, lying with his head to the north, and close to it, on the right side, was a curious pebble, and under his left hand was a dagger of brass. The pebble is kidney-formed, of the sardonyx kind, striated transversely with alternate spaces, that give it the appearance of belts; besides these stria, it is spotted all over with very small white specks, and after dipping it into water, it assumes a sea green colour.

In the adjoining barrow, No. 44 [Map], we found only a simple interment of burned bones.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 44 G30 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 44 G30 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 43 [Map] and No. 44 [Map], These two barrows are included within the boundaries of the CURSUS, and very near the western end of it. In opening the first of these, our labourers discovered, at the depth of three feet, the skeleton of an adult, with a drinking cup, and on the floor of the barrow, another of a child. We afterwards, in a shallow cist, found the third skeleton of-a man, lying with his head to the north, and close to it, on the right side, was a curious pebble, and under his left hand was a dagger of brass. The pebble is kidney-formed, of the sardonyx kind, striated transversely with alternate spaces, that give it the appearance of belts; besides these stria, it is spotted all over with very small white specks, and after dipping it into water, it assumes a sea green colour.

In the adjoining barrow, No. 44 [Map], we found only a simple interment of burned bones.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 45 G33 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 45 G33 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. The next barrows that occur in our Iter westward, are three in number, placed nearly in a line parallel to each other. No. 45 [Map], 46 [Map], 47 [Map], all of which proved uninteresting in their contents. The first and last produced simple interments of burned bones; the second, a rude urn with cremation.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 46 G32 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 46 G32 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. The next barrows that occur in our Iter westward, are three in number, placed nearly in a line parallel to each other. No. 45 [Map], 46 [Map], 47 [Map], all of which proved uninteresting in their contents. The first and last produced simple interments of burned bones; the second, a rude urn with cremation.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 47 G31 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 47 G31 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. The next barrows that occur in our Iter westward, are three in number, placed nearly in a line parallel to each other. No. 45 [Map], 46 [Map], 47 [Map], all of which proved uninteresting in their contents. The first and last produced simple interments of burned bones; the second, a rude urn with cremation.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 48 G34 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 48 G34 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No, 48 [Map], a Druid barrow, contained an interment of burned bones, with a brass pin.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 49 G35a-c [Map]

Cursus Barrow 49 G35a-c is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 49 [Map] is a long barrow.

Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine 1868 V11 Pages 40-49. The importance of discoveries, even apparently trivial, which throw light on the relative age of our more primeval antiquities, or which serve to connect one with another objects of this description, will at once be admitted.

The barrow [Cursus Barrow 49 G35a-c [Map]] in which the flint objects now exhibited were discovered is situated on Winterbourne Stoke Down, about 1½ mile north-west of Stonehenge. It is within a few yards of the western end of the low earthwork known as the "smaller cursus," and is numbered 49 on the "Map of Stonehenge, and its Environs," in Sir Richard Hoare's Ancient Wilts (vol. i. p. 170). It was passed over, when the barrows around it were generally excavated, in or about the year 1808; and all that Sir Richard says of it is, "No. 49 is a long barrow" (p. 165); a designation, however, which we shall find is not strictly appropriate, and is very liable to misconception. The form of the barrow is oval, it being about 140 feet in length by 70 in breadth, and in height less than 2 feet above the level of the down. Its long axis lies east and west, and it is surrounded by a slight ditch continued round both ends of the barrow. It is thus seen to differ in several particulars from the Long Barrow properly so-called; in which the interments, belonging apparently to the stone-age, and by simple inhumation, are confined to the broad east end of the barrow. The true long barrow is usually of much greater size, often reaching 250 or 300 feet and upwards in length, and having an elevation of from 5 to 10 feet, or even more. One end, usually that directed to the east, is almost always broader and higher than the other; but the most remarkable distinction is in the trench, which is carried the whole length of the barrow on each side, without being continued around the ends. These peculiarities of the long barrow are well shown in the engraving in "Ancient Wilts," (vol. i. p. 21. "I. Long Barrow") The Oval Barrow No. 49, like others of a similar form and description, belongs no doubt to a different and more recent period than the true long barrows, and to the same age as the circular barrows of the ordinary bowl and bell shapes. Its oval form appears to depend upon its having been designed for two or three distinct interments, placed at tolerably regular intervals.1 This variety of tumulus was not altogether overlooked by Sir Richard Hoare, by whom two or three such were excavated. Of one he gives a representation, as the specimen of his twelfth form of barrow, which he terms "Long barrow No. 2." His words are as follows: — "XII. Long Barrow No. 2. This tumulus in shape resembles a small long barrow, but diflfers from the larger kind, by having a ditch all around it." (p. 22.)

Note 1. For all purposes of argument, oval barrows (as distinguished from long barrows) and round barrows may be regarded as identical. The two are clearly coeval, and the work of the same people. An oval barrow, in my view, is a congeries of two or more round barrows.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 50 G36 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 50 G36 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 50 [Map] is a circular bowl-shaped barrow, in the examination of which, we experienced much perplexity, although not uncommon, owing the Britons having adopted so many modes of burial. At the depth of five feet, we found a regular stratum af flints, intermixed with black vegetable mould; on removing which, we came to the floor of the barrow, in which some excavations had been made, and channels formed. One of these was connected with the cist, which contained a skeleton lying from south to north; in another channel, we found a large branch of a stag's horn; and in a little corner, we took out a shovel-full of bones, intermixed with earth, which were broken almost as small as chaff. Near the feet of the skeleton lay a considerable quantity of very small bones of birds or mice. The day being far advanced, we did not pursue all the channels, and it is very probable that this barrow may contain other skeletons.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 51 G37 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 51 G37 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 51 [Map], a fine bell-shaped barrows ninety-five feet in diameter, and seven feet in elevation. At the depth of four feet and a half in the native soil, viz. eleven feet and a half from the summit, we found two skeletons with their heads laid towards the north; the one, an adult, the other, a young person, not more than about twelve years of age.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 52 G38 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 52 G38 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 52 [Map] and No. 53 [Map]. We were unsuccessful in our attempts on these two large barrows. In the former, we perceived several marks of very intense fire, with some earth, quite black, and some burned to a brick colour. In the latter, near the centre, we found a circular cist containing only ashes, but missed the primary interment. An unusual quantity of small bones, probably of birds, was dispersed about the barrow.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 53 G39 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 53 G39 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 52 [Map] and No. 53 [Map]. We were unsuccessful in our attempts on these two large barrows. In the former, we perceived several marks of very intense fire, with some earth, quite black, and some burned to a brick colour. In the latter, near the centre, we found a circular cist containing only ashes, but missed the primary interment. An unusual quantity of small bones, probably of birds, was dispersed about the barrow.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 54 G40 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 54 G40 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 54 [Map]. A fine bell-shaped barrow, eighty feet in diameter, and seven feet in elevation, produced on the floor and near the centre, a circular cist, about eighteen inches wide, and one foot deep, full of wood ashes. and a few fragments of burned bones. About two feet to the north of the above was another cist, of an oblong form, much larger and deeper than the other, which contained an interment af burned bones, piled up ill heap in the centre of the cist.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 55 G41 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 55 G41 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. The next barrow, No. 55 [Map], was opened some years ago, and produced only a simple interment of burned bones. A little on the other side of the Devizes road is a mound, which being only a land mark, is not numbered.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 56 G42 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 56 G42 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. In the adjoining large flat barrow, No. 56 [Map], we discovered a cist, that had been previously investigated, but on opening it, the workmen found an arrow head of flint near the top.

Wiltshire Museum. DZSWS:STHEAD.83. 1 triangular arrowhead without barbs, found in a empty (disturbed) cist in bowl barrow, Winterbourne Stoke G42 [Map], excavated by William Cunnington.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 57 G46 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 57 G46 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. On the opposite hill is a beautiful group of tumuli, thickly strewed over a rich and verdant down. Their perfect appearance raised our expectations of success, and the attendance of many of my friends from Salisbury, and a beautiful day, enlivened our prospects; but we had again sad cause to exclaim Fronti nullaa fides, Trust not to outward appearances. No arrow heads were found to mark the profession of the British hunter; no gilded dagger to point out to us the chieftain of the clan; nor any necklace of amber or jet, to distinguish the British female, or to present to her fair descendants, who honoured us with their presence on this occasion: a few rude urns marked the antiquity and poverty of the Britons who fixed on this spot as their mausoleum, Unproductive, however, as were the contents of these barrows, it may not be uninteresting to the antiquary, whom either chance or curiosity leads across these fine plains, to know their history.

Note 1. On referring to Mr. CUNNINGTON'S papers, find some account of these barrows. The Druid barrows had been partially opened: in one, he found an interment, with a broken dart or lance of brass; and in another, the scattered fragments or burned bones, a Few small amber rings, beads of the same, and of jet, with the point of a brass dart. In opening the large barrow, No. 57 [Map] he found a cist, at the depth twelve feet from the surface, the remainder (as he thought) of the brass dart, and with it a curious whetstone, some ivory tweezers, and some decayed articles of bone.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 58 G49 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 58 G49 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 59 G50 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 59 G50 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 60 G48 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 60 G48 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 61 G47 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 61 G47 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 62 G1 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 62 G1 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 63 G2 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 63 G2 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 64 G3 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 64 G3 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 65 G4 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 65 G4 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. I shall now direct my steps back towards Amesbury, over a beautiful down, abounding with tumuli of various descriptions, The first, group that occurs, is situated near the northern limits of our map, and is numbered from 57 to 65, and consists of four Druid, and five circular barrows. As they all bore the marks of prior opening, I did not attempt any of them: some had been explored a few years ago, by Mr. CUNNINGTON, at a time when no idea was entertained of prosecuting his researches to the present extent, and when no very regular account was kept of his discoveries.1

Note. No. 57 [Map], No. 58 [Map], No. 59 [Map], No. 60 [Map], No. 61 [Map], No. 62 [Map], No. 63 [Map], NO. 64 [Map], No. 65 [Map].

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 66 G8 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 66 G8 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 66 [Map] is a low barrow, in were fragments of a human skull, of large sepulchral urn, and a drinking cup. No. 67 [Map] has a very irregular and mutilated surface: each seem to have had a prior opening.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 67 G9 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 67 G9 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 66 [Map] is a low barrow, in were fragments of a human skull, of large sepulchral urn, and a drinking cup. No. 67 [Map] has a very irregular and mutilated surface: each seem to have had a prior opening.

Europe, British Isles, South-West England, Wiltshire, Stonehenge Landscape, Stonehenge Barrows, Cursus Barrows, Cursus Barrow 68 G10 [Map]

Cursus Barrow 68 G10 is also in Stonehenge Bronze Age Barrows.

Colt Hoare 1812. No. 68 [Map] is a pond barrow.