Text this colour is a link for Members only. Support us by becoming a Member for only £3 a month by joining our 'Buy Me A Coffee page'; Membership gives you access to all content and removes ads.
Text this colour links to Pages. Text this colour links to Family Trees.
Place the mouse over images to see a larger image. If the image is a painting click to see the painter's Biography Page. Move the mouse off the image to close the popup.
Place the mouse over links to see a preview of the Page. Move the mouse off the link to close the popup.
St Albans, Hertfordshire is in Hertfordshire.
Book 6 Nero. To all the disasters and abuses thus caused by the prince there were added certain accidents of fortune; a plague which in a single autumn entered thirty thousand deaths in the accounts of Libitina;123 a disaster in Britain, where two important towns were sacked124 and great numbers of citizens and allies were butchered; a shameful defeat in the Orient, in consequence of which the legions in Armenia were•sent under the yoke and Syria was all but lost. It is surprising and of special note that all this time he bore nothing with more patience than the curses and abuse of the people, and was particularly lenient towards those who assailed him with gibes and lampoons. 2 Of these many were posted or circulated both in Greek and Latin, for example the following:
Nero, Orestes, Alcmeon their mothers slew."
"A calculation new. Nero his mother slew."125
"Who can deny the descent from Aeneas' great line of our Nero? One his mother took off, the other one took off his sire."
"While our ruler his lyre doth twang and the Parthian his bowstring, Paean-singer our prince shall be, and Far-darter our foe."
"Rome is becoming one house; off with you to Veii, Quirites! If that house does not soon seize upon Veii as well."
He made no effort, however, to find the authors; in fact, when some of them were reported to the senate by an informer, he forbade their being very severely punished.
As he was passing along a public street, the Cynic Isidorus loudly taunted him, "because he was a good singer of the ills of Nauplius, but made ill use of his own goods." Datus also, an actor of Atellan farces, in a song beginning:
"Farewell to thee, father; farewell to thee, mother,"
represented drinking and swimming in pantomime, referring of course to the death of Claudius and Agrippina; and in the final tag,
"Orcus guides your steps,"
he indicated the senate by a gesture.126 Nero contented himself with banishing the actor and the philosopher from the city, either because he was impervious p161 to all insults, or to avoid sharpening men's wits by showing his vexation.
Note 123. Venus Libitina, in whose temple funeral outfits and a register of deaths were kept; cf. Hor. Serm. II.6, 19.
Note 124. Camulodunum (Meldon [Map]) and Verulamium (St. Albans [Map]); according to Xiphilinus (61.1) 80,000 perished. The revolt by Boudica Queen of the Iceni.
Note 125. See the reference to the Rh. Mus. in the textual note. The numerical value of the Greek letters in Nero's name (1005) is the same as that of the rest of the sentence; hence we have an equation, Nero = the slayer of one's own mother.
Note 126 Referring to Nero's design mentioned in chap. xxxvii.3.
Become a Member via our 'Buy Me a Coffee' page to read complete text.
Around 1192 Joan Nouwell was born to Geoffrey Nouwell at St Albans, Hertfordshire [Map].
Archaeologia Volume 29 Section XIII. This was not the usual route from those parts of the kingdom to London. The ordinary route in those times was from Stamford by Walmesford to Huntingdon, and from thence by Royston, Puckeridge, and Cheshunt. But it was intended that the august procession should pass through a more frequented part of the country, where the Queen was well known. It was also a part of the plan to take some of the greater religious houses by the way, and to have suitable places at which to rest: hence the deviation from the direct line from Stratford to Dunstable, to take in Woburn.
We have two notices of occurrences in this solemnity. One of what passed at Dunstable, the other Walsingham's account of what was done at Saint Alban's.
They enable us to form some idea of what was done at other places where the body rested. In the Annals of Dunstableh. we read that the body rested there one night, and that there was given to the house two rich cloths of Baudekyn and fourscore pounds of wax and more, and that when the procession left Dunstable [Map] the herse remained standing "in medio Fori [in the middle of the Forum]" says the printed copy, a manifest error for "in medio Chori," meaning in the midst of the choir of the Priory-church there. I need not say that by "herse" is meant a temporary frame of wood on which the coffin was placed, covered with black cloth. The Annals further say that the herse remained standing until the Chancellor and other eminent persons came to Dunstable and marked out the place on which the Memorial Cross was to be erected. When the procession approached Saint Alban's [Map], the whole Convent "solemniter revestitus in capis [solemnly clothed on the head]" went out to meet it as far as the church of Saint Michael at the entrance of the town. The body was taken immediately to their church and placed before the high altar, and all night long the whole convent was engaged in divine offices and holy vigils. The words of Walsingham, few and simple as they are, call up a very impressive spectacle. But if this were a proper occasion to introduce any thing for which we have no special evidence, and only know that it must have existed from what we can collect of the usages of the time, and from the common principles of human nature, it would be easy to shew that this funeral procession was one of the most striking spectacles that England ever witnessed.
On 15th July 1381 John Ball was hanged, drawn and quartered in St Albans, Hertfordshire [Map] in the presence of King Richard II of England (age 14).
Around September 1429 Richard Hankford (age 32) was knighted at St Albans, Hertfordshire [Map].
On 17th February 1461 the Lancastrian army defeated the Yorkist army at Second Battle of St Albans and rescued King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 39). The Lancastrian army was commanded by Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 30) and included Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 39), John Mowbray 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 45), Henry Grey 4th or 7th Baron Grey of Codnor (age 26), Henry Roos and Richard Welles 7th Baron Welles, Baron Willoughby (age 33).
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 33), William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme (age 46), John Talbot 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 12) and Thomas Tresham (age 41) were knighted.
The Yorkist army included Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 32), William Fitzalan 9th or 16th Earl of Arundel (age 43), John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 61) and Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 57). John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 30) was captured. Robert Poynings (age 42) and James Luttrell (age 34) were killed.
John Grey (age 29) was killed fighting for Lancaster. A death that was to have far reaching consequences; his widow Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 24) subsequently married King Edward IV of England (age 18).
During the battle William Bonville 1st Baron Bonville (age 68) and Thomas Kyriell (age 65) were assigned to the protection of the King Henry VI. After the battle both were beheaded against all decent laws of battle.
William Bonville 1st Baron Bonville was beheaded. His great granddaughter Cecily succeeded 2nd Baroness Bonville.
Thomas Kyriell was beheaded.
William Cotton (age 21) was killed.
Chronicle of Gregory. Ande the xvij day nexte folowynge Kyng Harry (age 39) roode to Synt Albonys [Map], and the Duke of Northefolke (age 45) with hym, the Erle of Warwycke (age 32), the Erle of Arundelle (age 43), the Lord Bouser (age 30), the Lord Bonvyle (age 68), with many grete lordys, knyghtys, and squyers, and commyns of an C [Hundred] Ml men. And there they hadde a grete batayle whythe the Quene (age 30), for she come ever on fro the jornaye of Wackefylde tylle sche come to Synt Albonys, with alle the lordys a fore said; and her mayny and every lord is men bare her lordys leverey, that every man mighte knowe his owne feleschippe by his lyverey. And be-syde alle that, every man and lord bare the Pryncys (age 7) levery, that was a bende of crymesyn and blacke with esteryge is fetherys. The substance that gate that fylde were howseholde men and feyd men. I wene there were not v Mlmen that fought in the Quenys party, for [t]emoste parte of Northeryn men fledde a-way, and some were take and spoylyd out of her harnysse by the way as they fledde. And some of them robbyd evyr as they yede, a petyffulle thynge hit is to hyre hit. But the day before that batayle there was a jornay at Dunstapyl [Map]; but the kyngys mayny lackyd good gydyng, for some were but newe men of warre, for the chevyste captayne was a boucher of the same towne; and there were the kyngys mayny ovyr throughe only by the Northeryn men. And son aftyr the bocher, for schame of his sympylle gydynge and loste of the men, the nombyr of viij C, for very sorowe as it is said, hynge him selfe; and some men said that it was for loste of his goode, but dede he ys-God knowythe the trought.
And in the myddys of the batayle King Harry wente unto his Quene and for-soke alle his lordys, ande truste better to her party thenne unto his owne lordys. And then thoroughe grete labur the Duke of Northefolke and the Erle of Warwycke a schapyd a-waye; the Byschoppe of Exceter (age 29), that tyme Chaunceler of Ingelond, and brother unto the Erle of Warwycke, the Lord Bouser, whythe many othyr knyghtys, squyers, and comyns fledde, and many men slayne in bothe partys. And the Lord Bonevyle was be-heddyd, the common sayynge that his longage causyd him to dye. The Prynce was jugge is owne sylfe. Ande ther was slayne that manly knyght Syr Thomas Keryel (age 65). The nomber of ded men was xxxv C an moo [t]at were slayne. The lordys in Kyng Harrys party pycchyd a fylde and fortefyd it full stronge, and lyke unwyse men brake her raye and fyld and toke a-nothyr, and or that they were alle sette a buskyd to batayle, the Quenys parte was at hond whythe them in towne of Synt Albonys [Map], and then alle [t]yng was to seke and out of ordyr, for her pryckyers come not home to bryng no tydyng howe ny that the Quene was, save one come and sayd that she was ix myle of. And ar the goners and borgeners couthe levylle her gonnys they were besely fyghtyng, and many a gynne of wer was ordaynyd that stode in lytylle a-vayle or nought; for the burgeners hadde suche instrumentys that wolde schute bothe pellettys of ledde and arowys of an elle of lenghthe with vj fetherys, iij in myddys and iij at the othyr ende, with a grete mighty hedde of yryn at the othyr ende, and wylde fyre with alle. Alle thes iij thyngys they might schute welle and esely at onys, but in tyme of nede they couthe not schut not one of thes, but the fyre turnyd backe a-pon them that wold schute this iij thyngys. Also they hadde nettys made of grete cordys of iiij fethem of lengthe and of iiij fote brode, lyke unto an haye, and at every ij knott there was an nayl stondyng uppe ryght, that there couthe no man passe ovyr it by lyckely hode but he shulde be hurte. Alle so they hadde pavysse bore as a dore i-made with a staffe foldynge uppe and downe to sette the pavys where the lykyd, and loupys with schyttyng wyndowys to schute out at, they stondyng by hynde [t]e pavys, and the pavys as full of iijdnayle aftyr ordyr as they might stonde. And whenn her schotte was spende and done they caste the pavysse by-fore hem, then there might noo man come unto them ovyr the pavysse for the naylys that stode up-ryghte, but yf he wolde myschyffe him sylfe. Alle so they hadde a thynge made lyke unto a latysse full of naylys as the net was, but hit wolde be mevyd as a man wolde; a man might bryse it to-gedyr that the lengythe wolde be more then ij yerdys long, and yf he wolde he might hale it a brode, then hit wolde be iiij square. And that servyd to lye at gappys there at horsemen wolde entyr yn, and many a caltrappe. And as the substaunce of men of worschyppe that wylle not glose nor cory favyl for no parcyallyte, they cowthe not undyrstond that alle this ordenaunce dyd any goode or harme but yf it were a mong us in owre parte with Kyng Harry. There fore it is moche lefte, and men take them to mallys of ledde, bowys, swyrdys, gleyvys, and axys. As for speremen they ben good to ryde be-fore the foote men and ete and drynke uppe her vetayle, and many moo suche prety thyngys they doo, holde me excusyd thoughe I say the beste, for in the fote men is alle the tryste.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1528. 30th June 1528. R. O. St. P. I. 303. 4438. Hennege to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (age 55).
The King (age 37) begs you to be of good comfort, and do as he does. He is sorry that you are so far off, and thinks that if you were at St. Alban's [Map] you might every hour hear the one of the other, and his physicians attend upon you, should anything happen. News is come of the death of Sir William Compton (age 46). Suits are made for his offices, and the King wishes to have a bill of them. All are in good health at the Court, and they that sickened on Sunday night are recovered. The King is merry, and pleased with your "mynone house" here. Tuesday.
P.S.-I will not ask for any of those offices for myself, considering the little time I have been in the King's service. The King sent for Mr. Herytage today, to make a new window in your closet, because it is so little.
In 1560 Bishop Robert Wright was born at St Albans, Hertfordshire [Map].
John Evelyn's Diary. 16th December 1685. I accompanied my Lord Lieutenant as far as St. Alban's [Map], there going out of towne with him neere 200 coaches of all the greate officers and nobilitie. The next morning taking leave, I return'd to London.
John Evelyn's Diary. 3rd July 1688. I went with Dr. Godolphin (age 39) and his brother Sir William (age 48) to St. Alban's [Map], to see a library he would have bought of the widow of Dr. Cartwright [NOTE. Assume Cartwright a typo for Carter], late Archdeacon of St. Alban's, a very good collection of books, especially in divinity; he was to give £300 for them. Having seen the GREAT CHURCH [Map], now newly repaired by a public contribution, we returned home.
In 1815 Mildred Porteus (age 70) died at St Albans, Hertfordshire [Map].
Vesta Monumenta. Plate 1.8: Engraving of a Plan of Ancient Verulamium [Map]
Plate 1.8 of Vetusta Monumenta features an extensively labeled map of the Roman remains of Verulamium with inset images of two ancient British coins and a section of Roman wall. Engraving by George Vertue after William Stukeley. Published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1721. Current location: Stukeley's original map is preserved at the Society of Antiquaries of London; the Roman ruins today are encompassed by the modern city of St. Alban's in Hertfordshire, UK.
Bull Inn, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
Roger Whitley's Diary. 6th February 1690. Thursday, severall people came to take leave of us (Tovey, Kent, Kenrick, brother &c). we took 3 coaches, set out past 8; stayd awhile at the Greene Man in Barnet; dined at Bull in St Albans; lay at the Sugar Loaf (the Crowne being full) at Dunstable.
Castle Inn, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
22nd May 1445 Castle Inn, St Albans.
Hatfield Road Cemetery, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
On 23rd April 1914 Edward Robert Hughes (age 62) died at his home 3 Romeland after an operation for appendicitis. He was buried at Hatfield Road Cemetery, St Albans. His funeral in St Albans Cathedral [Map] was the largest ever held there, attended by his many friends, fellow artists, and pupils from his life-drawing class in London.
On 8th February 1925 Emily Eliza Davies (age 79) died. She was buried at Hatfield Road Cemetery, St Albans.
Holywell Hill, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
Archaeologia Volume 20 Section 8. Thys don the fore seyde lord Clyfford kept strongly the barrers that the seyde Duke of York myght not in ony wise, wt all the power that he hadde, entre ne breke into the toñ. The Erle of Warrewyk knowyng ther offe, toke and gadered his men to gedere and ferosly brake in by the gardeyne sydes, be tuene the signe of the Keye, and the sygne of the Chekkere in Holwell strete; and anooñ as they wer wyth inne the tooñ, sodeynly the blew up Trumpettes, and sette a cry wt alshout & a grete voyce, a Warrewe, a Warrewyk, a Warrewyk! and into that tyme the Duke of York mygth nev'e have entre into the toñ; and they with strong hond kept yt and myghttyly faught to gedere, and anooñ forth wt after the brekyng in, they sette on them manfully, and as of lordes of name were slayn, the lord Clyfford, the duke of Somersete, the Erle of Northhumberlond, fr Bartram Entuwyfselle, knynght; and of men of courte, Wyllyam Zouch, Jofin Batryaux, Raaff of Bapthorp, & hys sone, Wyllyam Corbyñ, squyers; Witt Cottoñ, receyver of the Ducherye of Lancastr; Gylbert Starbrok, squyer; Malmer Pagentoñ, William Botelore, yoman; Rog'e Mercroft, the Kyngs mefsanger; Halyii, the Kyng's porter; Raufe Wyllerby; and xxv. mo whych her names be not zet knoweñ. And of hem that ben slayñ ben beryed in Sent Albonos xlviii.
Paston Letters V1 120 William Lomner to John Paston. And whanne this was seyde, the seyde Duke of Yorke, and the seyd Erle of Salesbury, and the Erle of Warrewyk, betwene xj.and xij. of the clocke at noon, the broke into the toun in thre diverse places and severelle places of the fore seyd strete. The Kyng beyng then in the place of Edmond Westley, hunderdere of the seyd toun of Seynt Albones, comaundeth to sle alle maner men of lordes, knygthtes, end squyeres, and zemen that myght be taken of the for seyde Dukes of York. Thys don, the fore seyde Lord ClyrTord kept strongly the barrers that the seyde Duke of York myght not in ony wise, with all the power that he hadde, entre ne breke into the toun. The Erle of Warrewyk, knowyng ther ofife, toke and gadered his men to gedere and ferosly brake in by the gardeyne sydes betwene the signe of the Keye and the sygne of the Chekkere in Holwell strete; and anoon as they wer wyth inne the toon, sodeynly the blew up trumpettes, and sette a cry with asshout and a grete voyce, "A Warrewe! A Warrewyk! A Warrewyk!" and into that tyme the Duke of York mygth nevere have entre into the toun; and they with strong hond kept yt, and myghttyly faught to gedere, and anoon, forth with after the brekyng in, they sette on them manfully. And as of Lordes of name were slayn the Lord Clyfford, the Duke of Somersete, the Erle of Northumberlond, Sir Bartram Entuwysselle, Knynght; and of men of courte. Wyllyam Zouch, John Batryaux, Raaff of Bapthorp and hys sone, Wyllyam Corbyn, squyers; William Cotton, receyver of the Ducherye of Lancastre; Gylbert Starbrok, squyer; Malmer Pagentoun, William Botelore, yomen; Rogere Mercroft, the Kynges messanger; Halyn, the Kynges porter; Raufe Wyllerby; and xxv. mo, whych her names be not zet knowen. And of hem that ben slayn ben beryed in Sent Albonos xlviij. And at this same tyme were hurt Lordes of name — the Kyng, our sovereyne Lord, in the neck with an arrowe; the Duke of Bukingham, with an arrowe in the vysage; the Lord of Stafford in the hond, with an arowe; the Lord of Dorsette, sore hurt that he myght not go, but he was caryede horn in a cart; and Wenlok, Knyght, in lyke wyse in a carte sore hurt; and other diverse knyghtes and squyers sore hurt The Erle of Wyldsshyre, Thorpe, and many other flede, and left her harneys behynde hem cowardly, and the substaunce of the Kynges partye were dyspoyled of hors and harneys. This done, the seyde Lordes, that ys to wote, the Duke of Yorke, the Erle of Salesbury, the Erle of Warrewyke, come to the Kyng, our sovereyneLord, and on here knees be soughte hym of grace and foryevenesse of that they hadde doon yn his presence, and and be sought hym of his Heynesse to take hem as hys true legemen, seyng that they never attendyde [intendedn] hurt to his owne persone, and ther fore [the] Kyng oure sovereyn Lord toke hem to grace, and so desyred hem to cesse there peple, and that there shulde no more harme be doon; and they obeyde hys commaundement, and lote make a cry on the Kynges name that al maner of pepull shulde cesse and not so hardy to stryke ony stoke more after the proclamacyon of the crye; and so cessetl the seyde batayle, Deo gratias.
Become a Member via our 'Buy Me a Coffee' page to read complete text.
Holywell House, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
On 5th June 1660 Sarah Jennings Duchess of Marlborough was born to Richard Jennings (age 41) and Frances Thornhurst at Holywell House, St Albans.
Key Field, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles [Map]
Archaeologia Volume 20 Section 8. BELLUM APUD SEYNT ALBONS.
Be yt knowen & hadde in mynde, that the xxj. day of May the xxxiij. zere of the Regne of Kyng Herry the sext, Oure Sov'eyne lord Kyng toke his jurnay from Westmynster toward Seynt Albones, and rested at Watford all nyght; And on the morwe, be tymes, he cam to Seynt Albones, and wyth him on his ptye, afsembled under his baner, the Duyke of Bockyngham, the Duke of Somersete, the Erle of Penbrok, the Erle of Northumburlond, the Erle of Devynsshyre, the Erle of Stafford, the Erle of Dorsete, the Erle of Wyltsshire, the lorde Clyfford, the lord Dudley, the lord Burneys, the lord Rose, wyth other dyverfse Knyghtes, Squyeres, and other gentilmen & yemen, to the Nounbr' of ij. M1 & moo. And upon the xxij. day of the seyde moneth above rehersed, afsembled the Duyk of Yorke, and wyth hym come yn companye the Erle of Salesbury, the Erle of Warrewyke, with diverse knyghtes & squyers unto thẽr ptye, into the ffelde called the Key ffeld [Map], besyde seynt Albones.
Market Square, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
On 12th December 1290 Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (deceased) body rested at the Market Square, St Albans.
Old Gorhambury House, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
On 20th February 1579 Nicholas Bacon (age 68) died at Old Gorhambury House, St Albans.
Romeland, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Item, about two of the clock, when the sheriffs were returned from dinner, they brought George Tankerfield out of his inn unto the place where he should suffer, which is called Romeland, being a green place nigh unto the west end of the abbey church: unto the which when he was come, he kneeled down by the stake that was set up for him, and after he had ended his prayers he arose, and with a joyful faith he said, that although he had a sharp dinner, yet he hoped to have a joyful supper in heaven.
3 Romeland, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
On 23rd April 1914 Edward Robert Hughes (age 62) died at his home 3 Romeland after an operation for appendicitis. He was buried at Hatfield Road Cemetery, St Albans. His funeral in St Albans Cathedral [Map] was the largest ever held there, attended by his many friends, fellow artists, and pupils from his life-drawing class in London.
St Albans School, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles
Around 1805 Bishop Aubrey Spencer (age 9) educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire.
St Peter's Street, St Albans, Hertfordshire, Home Counties, England, British Isles [Map]
Paston Letters V1 120 William Lomner to John Paston. 239. A.D. 1455, 21-22 May. — THE BATTLE OF ST. ALBAN'S.
This paper is reprinted from the Archaeologia, vol. xx. p. 519, to which it was communicated by Mr. Bayley, keeper ol the records in the Tower, in 1822.
Bellum apud Seynt Albons.
Be yt knovven and hadde in mynde that the xxj. day of May the xxxiij. zere of the regne of Kyng Kerry the Sext, our sovereigne Lord Kyng toke his jurnay from Westmynster toward Seynt Albones, and rested at Watford all nyght; and on the morwe be tymes he cam to Seynt Albones, and wyth him on his partye assembled under his baner the Duyke of Bockingham, the Duke of Somersete, the Erle of Penbrok, the Erle of Northumburlond, the Erle of Devynsshire, the Erle of Stafford, the Erle of Dorsete, the Erle of Wyltsshire, the Lorde Clyfford, the Lord Dudley, the Lord Burneys, the Lord Rose, wyth other dyversse knyghtes, squyeres, and other gentilmen and yemen to the nounbre of ijml [2000] and moo. And upon the xxij. day of the seyde moneth above rehersed assembled the Duyk of Yorke, and wyth hym come yn companye the Erle of Salesbury, the Erle of Warrewyke with diverse knyghtes and squyers unto ther partye into the felde, called the Key Feld, besyde Seynt Albones. Fyrthermore, oure seyd sovereyne Lord the Kyng, heryng and knowyng of the seyde Dukes comyng with other Lordes afore seyde, pygth his baner at the place called Boslawe in Seynt Petrus Strete [Map], whych place was called afore tyme past Sandeforde, and commaundeth the warde and barrers to be kepte in stronge wyse; the for seyde Duyk of York abydyng in the feld aforeseyde frome vij. of the clokke in the morn tyl yt was al most x. without ony stroke smeton on eyther partye. The seyde Duke sende to the Kyng our sovereyne Lord, be the avyse of his councell, prayng and be sekyng hym to take him as his true man and humble suget; and to consider and to tender at the reverence of Almyghty God, and in way of charite the true entent of his comyng — to be good and gracyous sovereyne Lorde to his legemen, whech with al ther power and mygth wille be redy at alle tymes to leve and dye with hym in his rigth. And to what thyng yt shoulde lyke his Mageste Ryall to commaunde hem, yf yt be his worsship, kepyng right of the Croune and welffare of the londe; "More over, gracyous Lord, plese yt zour Majeste Ryall of zour grete goodnesse and ryghtwesnesse to enclyne zour wille to here and fele the ryghtwyse partye of us zoure sugettes and legemen; fyrst, prayng and besechyng to oure Lord Jesus of his hye and myghty power to geve un to zou vertu and prudence, and that thorugh the medyacyon of the glorious martyr Seynt Albon to geve zou very knowleche to knowe the entent of oure assembleng at this tyme; for God that is [in] Heven knoweth than our entent is rightful and true. And there fore we pray unto Al myghty Lord Jesus these wordes — Domine sis clipeus defensionis nostræ. Wherefore, gracyus Lord, plese it your hyghe Majeste to delyvere such as we wole accuse, and they to have lyke, as they have deserved and done, and ze to be honorabled and worsshepyt as most ryghtffull Kyng and oure governour. For and we shall now at this tyme be promysed, as afore this tyme ys not unknowen, of promes broken whech ful fayth fully hath ben promysed, and there upon grete othes made, we wyll not now cesse for noon such promysse, surete, ne other, tyl we have hem whych hav deserved deth, or elles we to dye there fore."
Become a Member via our 'Buy Me a Coffee' page to read complete text.
Chronicle of St Albans by Abbot John Whethamstede. 22nd May 1455. The King, accompanied by nobles and various armed men, came to the town of St. Albans, and there in the midst of St. Peter's Street [Map], engaged in a great battle or conflict with the Duke of York (age 43). Finally, with his side succumbing, he withdrew to a private location. And the original cause or occasion of that war, or conflict, was as follows:
Rex cum proceribus, virisque armatis variis, ad villam Sancti Albani venit, ibidemque in medio Vici Sancti Petri grande habens bellum, sive conflictum, cum Domino Duce Eboraci, tandem, subcumbente sua parte, ad privatum locum se subtraxit. Et erat belli istius, sive conflictus, causa originalis, sive occasio, talis.—
Archaeologia Volume 20 Section 8. Fyrthermore oure seyde Sov'eyne lord the Kyng, heryng & knowyng of the seyde Dukes comyng wt other lordes afore seyde, pygth his baner at the place called Boslawe in Seynt Petrus strete [Map], whych place was called, afore tyme past, Sandeforde; and cofiaundeth the warde & barrers to be kepte in stronge wyse. The for seyde Duyk of York abydyng in the ffeld aforeseyde ffrome vij. of the clokke in the morn tyl yt was al most x. without ony stroke smetoñ on eyther ptye. The seyde Duke sende to the Kyng our sov'eyne lord, be the avyse of his councell, prayng & be sekyng hym to take him as his true man, and humble suget; and to cõfider and to tender at the rev'ence of Almyghty God, and in way of charite, the true entent of his comyng: to be good & gracyous sov'eyne lorde to his legemen, whech with al ther power & mygth wille be redy at alle tymes to leve and dye wt hym in his rigth. And to what thyng yt shoulde lyke his mageste ryall to cofiaunde hem yf yt be his Wortship kepyng right of the Croune, and wellffare of the londe: more over gracyous lord plese yt zour majeste ryall of zour grete goodnefse & ryghtwesnetse to enclyne zour wille to here & fele the ryghtwyse ptye of us zoure sugettes & legemen; ffyrst payng and besechyng to oure lord Jhc of his hye & myghty power to geve un to zou vertu & prudence; And that thorugh the medyacyon of the gloryous martyr seynt Alboñ to geve zou very knowleche to knowe the entent of oure afsembleng at this tyme, ffor God that is hevene knoweth than oure entent is rightfull & true. And ther fore we pay unto al myghty lord Jhc these wordes ... Domine sis clipeus defenconis ñre.
Wherefore, gracyus lord, plese it your hyghe mageste to delyvere fsuch as we wole accuse, and they to have lyke as they have deserved & doñ, and ze to be honorabled and worfshepyt as most ryghtffull kyng, and oure gov'nour; ffor & we shall now at this tyme be pmysed as afore this tyme ys not unknowen, of pmes broketi whech ful fayth fully hath ben pmysed, and there upon grete othes made. We wyll not now cefse for nooñ fsuch pmyfse, surete, ne other, tyl we have hem whych hav deserved deth or elles we to dye ther fore.
Become a Member via our 'Buy Me a Coffee' page to read complete text.
Verlamion, Hertfordshire, St Albans, Home Counties, England, British Isles [Map]
20BC. Verlamion, Hertfordshire [Map] was an Iron Age settlement of the Catuvellauni.
Verulamium, Hertfordshire, St Albans, Home Counties, England, British Isles [Map]
Around 50AD the Roman settlement of Verulamium, Hertfordshire [Map] was granted the rank of municipium.
Watling Street 1e St Albans to Towcester. From Verulamium, Hertfordshire [Map] aka St Albans Watling Street continues north-west through Redbourn, Hertfordshire [Map], Friars Wash, Hertfordshire [Map], Durocobrivis [Map], Hockcliffe, Bedfordshire [Map], Little Brick Hill, Buckinghamshire [Map], Kelly's Kitchen Roundabout [Map], Magiovinium [Map] aka Dropshort, Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire [Map] and Lactodorum [Map].
Watling Street 1d Marble Arch to St Albans. From Marble Arch [Map] Watling Street continues north-west along the Edgeware Road, Maida Vale [Map], Cricklewood [Map], Sulloniacis [Map], Radlett, Hertfordshire [Map], Park Street, Hertfordshire [Map] to Verulamium, Hertfordshire [Map] aka St Albans.